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词条 Climate of California
释义

  1. Temperature range

     Statewide records  Full statistics for selected cities 

  2. Precipitation

  3. Wildfires

  4. Glossary

  5. See also

  6. Notes

  7. References

  8. External links

{{refimprove|date=March 2014}}

The climate of California varies widely, from hot desert to polar, depending on latitude, elevation, and proximity to the coast. California's coastal regions, the Sierra Nevada foothills, and much of the Central Valley have a Mediterranean climate, with warmer, drier weather in summer and cooler, wetter weather in winter. The influence of the ocean generally moderates temperature extremes, creating warmer winters and substantially cooler summers in coastal areas.

Temperature range

The cool California Current offshore, enhanced by upwelling of cold sub-surface waters, often creates summer fog near the coast, creating a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csb). Further inland, the climate becomes more continental, with some areas turning semi-arid (Köppen BSk), with colder winters and markedly hotter summers. Low-lying inland valleys, especially the Central Valley, have a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa), with subtropical temperatures but a well-defined summer dry season and a foggy, rainy season in winter.

The temperature gradient between immediate coast and low-lying inland valleys in the south is about 7 °F (4 °C) in winter, the coast being warmer, and in summer roughly 25 °F (14 °C), the interior being warmer. For example, the average daily high in San Francisco in July and August is between {{convert|62|and|68|F|C}},

name="San Francisco Downtown">{{WRCC|San Francisco Downtown, California|ca7772|NCDC 2010}}[1] and in Walnut Creek, some {{convert|20|mi|km|sp=us}} inland, the average daily high in July and August is {{convert|90|F|C}}: a temperature gain of more than one degree (Fahrenheit) per mile.[2] In the south,{{where|date=August 2016}} the figures are approximately 4 °F and 23 °F (2 °C and 13 °C), respectively. At the coast in Santa Monica, the average high in August is {{convert|75|F|C}}, while in Burbank, approximately {{convert|10|mi|km}} inland, the average high in August is {{convert|95|F|C}}: a temperature gain of about two degrees Fahrenheit per mile.[3]

During the cooler winter months (October–March), the Coachella Valley regularly has the warmest winter temperatures out of any place west of the Rocky Mountains. East Los Angeles,{{clarify|date=August 2016}} the Gateway Cities, and parts of the San Gabriel Valley average the warmest winter high temps ({{convert|72|F|disp=comma}}) in all of the western U.S., and Santa Monica averages the warmest winter lows ({{convert|52|F|disp=comma}}) in all of the western U.S. Palm Springs, a city in the Coachella Valley, averages high/low/mean temperatures of 75 °F/50 °F/63 °F, (24 °C/10 °C/17 °C) respectively during the period of cooler weather from November to April.[4]

The extreme southwest, around San Diego, has a subtropical semi-arid or steppe climate (Koppen BSh) as winters are drier there.

The southeastern regions have a hot arid climate (Koppen BWh), similar to that of the Sahara Desert. In the northern portion of the Mojave Desert on the east side of the state is Death Valley, which has recorded temperatures among the highest in the world. It is common in the summer for temperatures in the valley to reach {{convert|120|F|C}}. The highest reliably recorded temperature in the world,[5][6] {{convert|134|F|C|1}}, was recorded in Death Valley on July 10, 1913. Temperatures of {{convert|130|F|C}} or higher have been recorded as recently as 2005. The 24-hour average July temperature in Death Valley is {{convert|101.8|F|C}} (1981–2010 NCDC Normals).

{{Location map+
California relief = 1 width = 300 float = center caption = Map of locations in the table below places =California label = Alturas label_size = 75 mark = purple pog.svg marksize = 6lat_dir = Nlon_dir = W position = left}California label = Bakersfield label_size = 75 mark = purple pog.svg marksize = 6lat_dir = Nlon_dir = W position = left}California label = Bishop label_size = 75 mark = purple pog.svg marksize = 6lat_dir = Nlon_dir = W position = right}California label = Bodie label_size = 75 mark = purple pog.svg marksize = 6lat_dir = Nlon_dir = W position = bottom}California label = Death Valley label_size = 75 mark = purple pog.svg marksize = 6lat_dir = Nlon_dir = W position = bottom}California label = Eureka label_size = 75 mark = purple pog.svg marksize = 6lat_dir = Nlon_dir = W position = right}California label = Fresno label_size = 75 mark = purple pog.svg marksize = 6lat_dir = Nlon_dir = W position = top}California label = Los Angeles label_size = 75 mark = purple pog.svg marksize = 6lat_dir = Nlon_dir = W position = left}California label = Needles label_size = 75 mark = purple pog.svg marksize = 6lat_dir = Nlon_dir = W position = left}California label = Redding label_size = 75 mark = purple pog.svg marksize = 6lat_dir = Nlon_dir = W position = right}California label = Riverside label_size = 75 mark = purple pog.svg marksize = 6lat_dir = Nlon_dir = W position = right}California label = Sacramento label_size = 75 mark = purple pog.svg marksize = 6lat_dir = Nlon_dir = W position = top}California label = San Diego label_size = 75 mark = purple pog.svg marksize = 6lat_dir = Nlon_dir = W position = right}California label = San Francisco label_size = 75 mark = purple pog.svg marksize = 6lat_dir = Nlon_dir = W position = left}California label = San Jose label_size = 75 mark = purple pog.svg marksize = 6lat_dir = Nlon_dir = W position = bottom}California label = Santa Rosa label_size = 75 mark = purple pog.svg marksize = 6lat_dir = Nlon_dir = W position = left}California label = South Lake Tahoe label_size = 75 mark = purple pog.svg marksize = 6lat_dir = Nlon_dir = W position = right}
}}
Average daily high and low temperatures in °F (°C)
for locations in California,
colored and sortable by average monthly temperature
Place{{Tooltip|Jan|January{{Tooltip|Feb|February{{Tooltip|Mar|March{{Tooltip|Apr|AprilMay{{Tooltip|Jun|June{{Tooltip|Jul|July{{Tooltip|Aug|August{{Tooltip|Sep|September{{Tooltip|Oct|October{{Tooltip|Nov|November{{Tooltip|Dec|December
Alturas[7]31.2|F}} | {{convert|44|/|18|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}34.2|F}} | {{convert|48|/|21|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}39.5|F}} | {{convert|54|/|25|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}44.2|F}} | {{convert|60|/|28|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}52.0|F}} | {{convert|70|/|34|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}59.6|F}} | {{convert|79|/|40|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}66.7|F}} | {{convert|90|/|44|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}65.1|F}} | {{convert|89|/|42|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}58.0|F}} | {{convert|80|/|36|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}47.6|F}} | {{convert|68|/|28|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}37.2|F}} | {{convert|52|/|23|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}30.4|F}} | {{convert|42|/|18|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}
Bakersfield[8]47.8|F}} | {{convert|56|/|39|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}52.6|F}} | {{convert|63|/|42|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}57.6|F}} | {{convert|69|/|47|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}62.6|F}} | {{convert|75|/|50|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}70.5|F}} | {{convert|84|/|58|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}77.5|F}} | {{convert|91|/|64|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}83.8|F}} | {{convert|97|/|71|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}82.4|F}} | {{convert|96|/|69|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}77.0|F}} | {{convert|90|/|64|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}67.2|F}} | {{convert|80|/|55|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}55.1|F}} | {{convert|66|/|45|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}47.8|F}} | {{convert|57|/|39|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}
Bishop[9]38.5|F}} | {{convert|54|/|23|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}42.2|F}} | {{convert|58|/|27|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}48.3|F}} | {{convert|66|/|31|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}54.5|F}} | {{convert|73|/|36|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}63.3|F}} | {{convert|82|/|44|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}71.5|F}} | {{convert|92|/|51|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}77.3|F}} | {{convert|98|/|56|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}75.0|F}} | {{convert|96|/|54|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}67.6|F}} | {{convert|88|/|47|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}56.8|F}} | {{convert|76|/|37|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}45.2|F}} | {{convert|63|/|28|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}37.7|F}} | {{convert|53|/|22|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}
Bodie[10]22.6|F}} | {{convert|40|/|5|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}24.1|F}} | {{convert|41|/|7|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}28.3|F}} | {{convert|45|/|11|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}34.4|F}} | {{convert|50|/|17|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}42.5|F}} | {{convert|61|/|24|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}50.0|F}} | {{convert|70|/|30|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}55.9|F}} | {{convert|78|/|34|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}54.4|F}} | {{convert|77|/|32|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}48.2|F}} | {{convert|71|/|26|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}39.4|F}} | {{convert|60|/|18|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}30.0|F}} | {{convert|49|/|11|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}23.2|F}} | {{convert|41|/|6|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}
Death Valley[11]53.4|F}} | {{convert|67|/|40|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}59.8|F}} | {{convert|73|/|46|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}68.4|F}} | {{convert|82|/|55|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}76.3|F}} | {{convert|91|/|62|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}86.6|F}} | {{convert|101|/|73|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}95.5|F}} | {{convert|110|/|81|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}102.2|F}} | {{convert|117|/|88|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}100.2|F}} | {{convert|115|/|86|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}91.0|F}} | {{convert|107|/|76|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}77.1|F}} | {{convert|93|/|62|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}62.6|F}} | {{convert|77|/|48|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}51.7|F}} | {{convert|65|/|38|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}
Eureka[12]48.3|F}} | {{convert|56|/|41|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}48.9|F}} | {{convert|56|/|42|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}49.7|F}} | {{convert|57|/|43|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}50.9|F}} | {{convert|58|/|44|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}53.8|F}} | {{convert|60|/|48|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}56.1|F}} | {{convert|62|/|50|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}57.7|F}} | {{convert|63|/|52|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}58.5|F}} | {{convert|64|/|53|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}57.0|F}} | {{convert|64|/|50|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}54.4|F}} | {{convert|62|/|47|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}50.8|F}} | {{convert|58|/|44|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}47.8|F}} | {{convert|55|/|41|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}
Fresno[13]46.6|F}} | {{convert|55|/|38|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}51.5|F}} | {{convert|62|/|42|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}56.6|F}} | {{convert|68|/|46|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}62.0|F}} | {{convert|75|/|49|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}70.1|F}} | {{convert|84|/|56|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}77.2|F}} | {{convert|92|/|62|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}83.0|F}} | {{convert|98|/|68|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}81.7|F}} | {{convert|97|/|66|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}76.2|F}} | {{convert|91|/|62|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}66.2|F}} | {{convert|80|/|53|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}54.3|F}} | {{convert|65|/|43|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}46.5|F}} | {{convert|55|/|38|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}
Los Angeles[14]58.0|F}} | {{convert|68|/|48|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}58.9|F}} | {{convert|69|/|49|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}60.6|F}} | {{convert|70|/|51|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}63.1|F}} | {{convert|73|/|54|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}65.8|F}} | {{convert|75|/|57|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}69.2|F}} | {{convert|78|/|60|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}73.3|F}} | {{convert|83|/|64|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}74.3|F}} | {{convert|84|/|64|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}73.1|F}} | {{convert|83|/|63|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}68.6|F}} | {{convert|79|/|59|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}62.4|F}} | {{convert|73|/|52|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}57.6|F}} | {{convert|68|/|48|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}
Needles[15]54.2|F}} | {{convert|65|/|44|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}58.2|F}} | {{convert|70|/|47|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}64.4|F}} | {{convert|77|/|52|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}71.9|F}} | {{convert|85|/|59|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}81.6|F}} | {{convert|95|/|68|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}90.7|F}} | {{convert|104|/|77|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}96.6|F}} | {{convert|109|/|84|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}94.8|F}} | {{convert|107|/|83|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}87.4|F}} | {{convert|100|/|75|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}74.7|F}} | {{convert|88|/|62|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}61.9|F}} | {{convert|73|/|50|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}52.9|F}} | {{convert|63|/|43|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}
Redding[16]45.7|F}} | {{convert|55|/|37|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}49.5|F}} | {{convert|60|/|39|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}53.7|F}} | {{convert|65|/|43|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}58.3|F}} | {{convert|71|/|46|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}67.3|F}} | {{convert|81|/|54|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}75.9|F}} | {{convert|90|/|61|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}82.2|F}} | {{convert|98|/|66|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}79.8|F}} | {{convert|97|/|63|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}74.1|F}} | {{convert|90|/|58|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}63.6|F}} | {{convert|78|/|50|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}51.7|F}} | {{convert|63|/|41|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}45.4|F}} | {{convert|55|/|36|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}
Riverside[17]56.0|F}} | {{convert|69|/|43|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}57.2|F}} | {{convert|70|/|45|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}59.7|F}} | {{convert|73|/|46|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}63.8|F}} | {{convert|78|/|50|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}68.9|F}} | {{convert|83|/|55|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}73.9|F}} | {{convert|89|/|60|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}79.5|F}} | {{convert|95|/|64|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}80.3|F}} | {{convert|96|/|65|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}76.8|F}} | {{convert|92|/|61|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}69.0|F}} | {{convert|83|/|55|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}60.7|F}} | {{convert|75|/|47|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}55.1|F}} | {{convert|68|/|42|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}
Sacramento[18]46.3|F}} | {{convert|54|/|39|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}50.8|F}} | {{convert|60|/|41|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}54.6|F}} | {{convert|65|/|44|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}58.7|F}} | {{convert|71|/|46|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}65.5|F}} | {{convert|80|/|51|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}71.4|F}} | {{convert|87|/|56|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}75.2|F}} | {{convert|92|/|58|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}74.6|F}} | {{convert|91|/|58|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}71.4|F}} | {{convert|87|/|56|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}63.9|F}} | {{convert|78|/|50|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}53.3|F}} | {{convert|64|/|43|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}46.2|F}} | {{convert|54|/|38|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}
San Diego[19]57.1|F}} | {{convert|65|/|49|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}57.9|F}} | {{convert|65|/|51|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}59.4|F}} | {{convert|67|/|53|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}61.7|F}} | {{convert|68|/|56|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}64.0|F}} | {{convert|69|/|59|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}66.4|F}} | {{convert|71|/|62|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}70.0|F}} | {{convert|75|/|65|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}71.6|F}} | {{convert|76|/|67|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}70.6|F}} | {{convert|76|/|65|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}66.7|F}} | {{convert|73|/|61|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}61.3|F}} | {{convert|69|/|54|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}56.5|F}} | {{convert|65|/|48|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}
San
Francisco		51.3|F}} | {{convert|57|/|46|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}53.9|F}} | {{convert|60|/|48|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}55.1|F}} | {{convert|62|/|49|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}56.2|F}} | {{convert|63|/|49|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}57.6|F}} | {{convert|64|/|51|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}59.6|F}} | {{convert|66|/|53|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}60.3|F}} | {{convert|66|/|54|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}61.6|F}} | {{convert|68|/|55|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}62.7|F}} | {{convert|70|/|55|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}61.5|F}} | {{convert|69|/|54|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}56.6|F}} | {{convert|63|/|50|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}51.6|F}} | {{convert|57|/|46|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}
San Jose[20]50.1|F}} | {{convert|58|/|42|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}53.3|F}} | {{convert|62|/|45|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}56.2|F}} | {{convert|66|/|47|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}58.9|F}} | {{convert|69|/|49|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}63.4|F}} | {{convert|74|/|52|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}67.5|F}} | {{convert|79|/|56|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}70.0|F}} | {{convert|82|/|58|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}70.1|F}} | {{convert|82|/|58|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}68.5|F}} | {{convert|80|/|57|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}63.2|F}} | {{convert|74|/|53|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}55.1|F}} | {{convert|64|/|46|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}50.0|F}} | {{convert|58|/|42|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}
Santa Rosa[21]49.1|F}} | {{convert|59|/|39|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}52.2|F}} | {{convert|63|/|41|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}54.8|F}} | {{convert|67|/|43|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}57.6|F}} | {{convert|70|/|45|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}61.4|F}} | {{convert|75|/|48|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}65.9|F}} | {{convert|80|/|52|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}67.3|F}} | {{convert|82|/|52|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}67.7|F}} | {{convert|83|/|53|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}67.4|F}} | {{convert|83|/|52|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}63.1|F}} | {{convert|78|/|48|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}54.8|F}} | {{convert|67|/|43|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}49.0|F}} | {{convert|59|/|39|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}
South Lake
Tahoe[22]		29.5|F}} | {{convert|43|/|16|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}30.9|F}} | {{convert|44|/|18|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}35.5|F}} | {{convert|49|/|23|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}40.4|F}} | {{convert|54|/|27|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}47.9|F}} | {{convert|64|/|32|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}54.7|F}} | {{convert|72|/|37|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}61.1|F}} | {{convert|81|/|41|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}60.3|F}} | {{convert|80|/|40|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}54.0|F}} | {{convert|74|/|35|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}45.5|F}} | {{convert|63|/|28|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}36.3|F}} | {{convert|51|/|22|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}29.8|F}} | {{convert|43|/|17|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}}

Statewide records

The highest temperature in California is 134 °F (57 °C) in Death Valley on July 10, 1913, While the lowest was -45 degrees in Boca on January 20, 1937.

{{Weather box
|location = California
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 97
|Feb record high F = 100
|Mar record high F = 107
|Apr record high F = 118
|May record high F = 122
|Jun record high F = 129
|Jul record high F = 134
|Aug record high F = 127
|Sep record high F = 126
|Oct record high F = 117
|Nov record high F = 105
|Dec record high F = 100
|year record high F =
|Jan record low F = -45
|Feb record low F = -43
|Mar record low F = -35
|Apr record low F = -30
|May record low F = -15
|Jun record low F = 2
|Jul record low F = 12
|Aug record low F = 12
|Sep record low F = -5
|Oct record low F = -20
|Nov record low F = -28
|Dec record low F = -40
|year record low F =
|source 1= https://www.infoplease.com/science-health/weather/california-temperature-extremes
|date=December 2018}}

Full statistics for selected cities

{{Fresno, California weatherbox}}{{Los Angeles weatherbox|collapsed=Y}}{{Sacramento, California weatherbox}}{{San Francisco weatherbox|collapsed=Y}}{{San Diego weatherbox}}{{notelist}}

Precipitation

{{unreferenced section|date=October 2014}}{{See also|United States rainfall climatology}}

The large Westerly winds from the oceans also bring moisture, and the northern parts of the state generally receive higher annual rainfall amounts than the south. California's mountain ranges influence the climate as well: moisture-laden air from the west cools as it ascends the mountains, dropping moisture; some of the rainiest parts of the state are west-facing mountain slopes. Northwestern California has a temperate climate with rainfall of {{convert|15|in|mm}} to {{convert|50|in|mm}} per year. Some areas of Coast Redwood forest receive over {{convert|100|in|mm}} of precipitation per year.

The Central Valley has a wide range of precipitation. The northern parts of the Central Valley receive substantially greater precipitation from winter storms which sweep down from the Pacific Northwest, while the southernmost regions of the Central Valley are near desert-like because of a lack of precipitation. Parts of the Valley are occasionally filled with thick fog (known locally as "tule fog").

The high mountains, including the Sierra Nevada, the Cascade Range, and the Klamath Mountains, have a mountain climate with snow in winter and mild to moderate heat in summer. Ski resorts at Lake Tahoe, Mammoth Lakes, and Mount Shasta routinely receive over {{convert|10|ft|m}} of snow in a season, and some years, substantially more – leading, for example, to annual ski races on the Fourth of July.

On the east side of the mountains is a drier rain shadow. California's desert climate regions lie east of the high Sierra Nevada and southern California's Transverse Ranges and Peninsular Ranges. The low deserts east of the southern California mountains, including the Imperial and Coachella valleys and the lower Colorado River, are part of the Sonoran Desert, with minimal frost in the winter; the higher elevation deserts of eastern California, including the Mojave Desert, Owens Valley, and the Modoc Plateau, are part of the Great Basin region, which has a more continental climate. During the summer months, especially from July through early September, the region is affected by the Mexican Monsoon (also called the "southwest monsoon"), which drives moisture from the tropical Pacific, Gulf of California, and/or Gulf of Mexico into the deserts, setting off brief, but often torrential thunderstorms, particularly over mountainous terrain.

Despite its long coastline, California is not vulnerable to tropical cyclones. Because of the cold California Current from the North Pacific Ocean and the fact that the storms tend to "steer" west, California has only been hit with two tropical storms in recorded history, a storm which came ashore in 1939 and dumped heavy rainfall on the Los Angeles Area and interior deserts and Tropical Storm Nora. The remnants of tropical systems will affect California more commonly, every several years.

The ENSO cycle has a huge effect on rainfall and snowfall patterns in California, especially during the winter and spring seasons. During the El Niño phase, the jet stream is located south through California, allowing for warmer temperatures and more heavy rains to occur, particularly in the southern portions of the state. During the La Niña phase, the jet stream is much further north, and therefore the far northern portions of California are wetter, while the southern half stays cool and dry.

Wildfires

{{external media
|video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-QSjkR8xteI Wildfires in California 2015].
}}

Summers in inland California can see temperatures well over {{convert|100|F|C}} during the day and less than {{convert|0.3|in|mm|abbr=on}} of monthly rainfall, particularly in the southern areas. This makes them prone to wildfires. These can be life-threatening and cause evacuation. Wildfires are less common along the coast because of the cooler, more humid summers, but can occur in autumn when the marine layer is less common, making temperatures warmer and humidity drop significantly.

Glossary

The following are terms used to describe local or regional weather events.

  • Santa Ana winds: Santa Anas are hot, high winds that blow from the eastern mountains and deserts towards coastal southern California, usually in the spring and fall. They are the result of air pressure buildup between the Sierra Nevada and the Rocky Mountains. This air mass spills out, is pulled by gravity, and circulates clockwise around the high pressure area, bringing winds from the east and northeast; as the air descends in elevation, it heats up and the humidity plummets to less than 15 percent. It is often said that the air is heated and dried as it passes through the nearby deserts, but according to meteorologists this is a popular misconception (it is actually due to adiabatic compression as the air flows from the higher elevations down to sea level); during Santa Ana conditions, it is typically hotter along the coast than in the deserts. As the Santa Ana winds are channeled through the mountain passes they can approach hurricane force. The combination of speed, heat, and dryness turns the chaparral into explosive fuel for wildfires.
  • Pineapple Express: A complex combination of events, bringing high levels of torrential precipitation to California. The Pineapple Express occurs when the jet stream dips across California, and warm, humid air from the mid-Pacific (from the vicinity of Hawaii–hence, the name) is drawn towards California. The resulting combination can cause extraordinarily heavy rains. A January 2005 Pineapple Express dropped nearly 25 inches (63.5 cm) of rain in Santa Barbara County.
  • Tule fog: A thick ground fog that settles in the San Joaquin Valley and Sacramento Valley areas of the California Central Valley. Tule fog forms during the mid fall, winter to early spring after the first significant rainfall. This phenomenon is named after the tule grass wetlands of the Central Valley. Tule fog can extend from Bakersfield to Chico. Accidents caused by the tule fog are the leading cause of weather-related deaths in California; visibility is usually less than an eighth of a mile (about 600 feet or 183–200 m), but can be less than 10 feet (3 m).
  • May Gray/June Gloom: A characteristic weather pattern of late spring (May and June) in which a combination of inland heat, off-shore cool water, and prevailing wind patterns bring foggy and overcast weather to coastal regions. From Point Conception northwards the gloom continues until early autumn. (See also: Catalina eddy)
  • Marine layer: The cool, moist layer of air coming in from the ocean which typically includes fog. A standard weather phenomenon along the northern and central California coast from late spring to early fall.
  • "Earthquake weather:" Any unseasonal, uncomfortable weather, typically hot and more humid than usual, and often associated with high and mid-level clouds, is spoken of (usually jokingly) as "earthquake weather." {{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}

See also

  • Floods in California
  • Climate change in California
  • List of wettest known tropical cyclones in California
  • Climate of southern California

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

1. ^{{WRCC|San Francisco Oceanside, California|ca7767|NCDC 2010}}
2. ^average temperatures in Walnut Creek.
3. ^Average temperatures in Santa Monica compared to average temperatures in Burbank.
4. ^1981–2010 Monthly Climate Normals
5. ^{{cite journal|last=El Fadli|first=KI|title=World Meteorological Organization Assessment of the Purported World Record 58°C Temperature Extreme at El Azizia, Libya (13 September 1922)|url=http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00093.1|journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society|date=September 2012|doi=10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00093.1|volume=94|issue=2|pages=199|display-authors=etal|bibcode=2013BAMS...94..199E}} (The 136.4 °F (58 °C), claimed by 'Aziziya, Libya, on September 13, 1922, has been officially deemed invalid by the World Meteorological Organization.)
6. ^{{cite web|title=World Meteorological Organization World Weather / Climate Extremes Archive |url=http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-temperature |accessdate=10 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104143844/http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-temperature |archivedate=4 January 2013 |df= }}
7. ^{{WRCC|Alturas, California|ca0161|NCDC 2010}}
8. ^{{WRCC|Bakersfield Airport, California|ca0442|NCDC 2010}}
9. ^{{WRCC|Bishop Airport, California|ca0822|NCDC 2010}}
10. ^{{WRCC|Bodie, California|ca0943|NCDC 2010}}
11. ^{{WRCC|Death Valley|ca2319|NCDC 2010}}
12. ^{{WRCC|Eureka WFO Woodley Island, California|ca2910|NCDC 2010}}
13. ^{{WRCC|Fresno Yosemite International Airport, California|ca3257|NCDC 2010}}
14. ^{{WRCC|Los Angeles Downtown University of Southern California Campus, California|ca5115|NCDC 2010}}
15. ^{{WRCC|Needles Airport, California|ca6118|NCDC 2010}}
16. ^{{WRCC|Redding Municipal Airport|ca7304|NCDC 2010}}
17. ^{{WRCC|Riverside Fire Station 3, California|ca7470|NCDC 2010}}
18. ^{{WRCC|Sacramento Executive Airport, California|ca7630|NCDC 2010}}
19. ^{{WRCC|San Diego Lindbergh Field, California|ca7740|NCDC 2010}}
20. ^{{WRCC|San Jose|ca7821 |NCDC 2010}}
21. ^{{WRCC|Santa Rosa, California|ca7965|NCDC 2010}}
22. ^{{WRCC|South Lake Tahoe Airport, California|ca8762|NCDC 2010}}

External links

  • More about the climate of California
  • Climate of Northwest California
{{ClimateUS}}{{California}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Climate Of California}}

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