“Climate of Colombia”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Climate of Colombia is characterized for being tropical and isothermal as a result of its geographical location near the Equator presenting variations within five natural regions and depending on the altitude, temperature, humidity, winds and rainfall. Each region maintains an average temperature throughout the year only presenting variables determined by precipitation during a rainy season caused by the Intertropical Convergence Zone.^[1]^[2]

Climate zones

The climates in Colombia are characterized for having tropical rainforests, savannas, steppes, deserts and mountain climate, mountain climate further divided into tierra caliente (hot land) tierra templada (temperate land) tierra fría (cold land), tierra helada (frozen land) and Páramo.^[3]

Sometimes the weather of Colombia is altered by the seasons in northern hemisphere, for example, from March to June, the weather is mild Spring, from June to August the weather is hot Summer, From September to December the weather is cool Autumn, and from December to March the weather is cold Winter. This happens very rarely, and it is usually a slight difference.

Tropical mountain

The tropical rainforest climate is characterized by hot and high humidity climate along with heavy rainfall mostly present in the jungles of the Catatumbo, the Amazon river basin the central region of the Magdalena River, the Pacific coast, the paru and others.

Tropical savanna

Steppe

Tropical desert

Tropical mountain climate

Mountain climate is one of the unique features of the Andes, the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and other high altitude reliefs where climate is determined by elevation. ({{lang-es|Pisos termicos|links=no}}), a classification used in some countries but with variations in the classification of each floor.^[4]

The warm altitudinal zone oscillates between sea level and {{convert|1000|m|ft|0|sp=us}} above sea level with a temperature over {{convert|24|°C|1}}. Climate in this step is characterized for its similarities with the equatorial and tropical plains, heavy rains and high temperatures. Temperatures can reach over {{convert|29|°C|1}} as it is the case of the Magdalena river valley, which has many areas with jungles. This altitudinal zone is present in the cities like Santa Marta, Neiva, Cali and Cúcuta.

Between {{convert|1000|and|2000|m|ft|0|sp=us}} above sea level the temperature drops oscillating between {{convert|17|and|22|°C|°F|1}} defining it as a temperate climate. Rainfall becomes variable at {{convert|1700|m|ft|0|sp=us}} above sea level and rains between {{convert|2000|and|2500|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} . This climate is a characteristic in the cities like Pereira, Armenia, Ibagué Popayán and Medellín.

The cold climate is present between {{convert|2000|and|3000|m|ft|0|sp=us}} above sea level and is characterized for having Andean or cloud forests. This altitudinal zone is characterized for presenting an average temperature ranging between {{convert|10|and|17|°C|°F|1}} while rainfall reaches a yearly average of {{convert|2000|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}. The Colombian capital city Bogotá is located within this altitudinal zone. Other cities like San Juan de Pasto and Tunja are in this location.

The Páramo climate is present between {{convert|3000|and|4000|m|ft|0|sp=us}} above sea level and the temperature is lower than {{convert|10|°C}} with icy winds, rare rainfall but frequent snowfall. Colombia has one of the largest páramo areas in the world; the Sumapaz Páramo located in central Colombia, over the Andean Cordillera Oriental branch. In Colombia páramos are further classified as subpáramo, páramo and superpáramo. Most of the rivers in Colombia are born here since páramos tend to hold water from precipitations and deglaciations coming from the peaks.^[5]

The glaciers in Colombia are located at {{convert|4000|m|ft|0|sp=us}} above sea level and up and with average temperatures ranging between {{convert|10|°C}} and less. Glaciers in Colombia began retreating in the 20th century due to global warming and are in danger of disappearing, if this occurs water supply would be scarce in the near future.^[6]^[7] Most of the glaciers are located in the Andes mountains and are inhabited by very few living species due to its severe weather.^[8]

References

1. ^{{es icon}} International Universia: Climate of Colombia {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927051120/http://internacional.universia.net/latinoamerica/datos-paises/colombia/clima.htm |date=2007-09-27 }} International Universia Accessed 23 August 2007.
2. ^"Climate of Colombia" Encyclopædia Britannica Accessed 23 August 2007
3. ^{{cite web | url = http://en.colombiaembassy.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=203&Itemid=178 | title = Colombian Embassy in Tokio: Climate of Colombia | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070811115908/http://en.colombiaembassy.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=203&Itemid=178 | archive-date= 2007-08-11 | access-date = 24 August 2007 }}
4. ^TodaColombia.com: Thernal Floors in Colombia todacolombia.com Accessed 24 August 2007.
5. ^{{es icon}} Memo.com.co: Páramos of Colombia memo.com.co Accessed 24 August 2007.
6. ^63rd Eastern Snow Conference: Retreat of Tropical Glaciers in Colombia an Venezuela between 1984 to 2004 as measured by ASTER and Landsat images {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926135853/http://www.easternsnow.org/proceedings/2006/morris_et_al.pdf |date=2007-09-26 }} easternsnow.org Accessed 24 August 2007.
7. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2006/aug/29/glaciers.climatechange The Guardian: Cities in peril as Andean glaciers melt] guardian.co.uk Accessed 24 August 2007.
8. ^USGS: Glaciers of Colombia USGS Accessed 24 August 2007.