| 词条 | Cockle bread |
| 释义 |
| name = Cockle bread | image = | caption = | alternate_name = | country = England | region = | creator = | course = | type = Bread | served = | main_ingredient = corn or wheat flour | minor_ingredient = Cockle weed | variations = | calories = | other = |no_recipes=true |no_commons=true }} Cockle bread was an inferior type of British corn or wheat bread mixed with "cockle weed". In the 17th century a practice known as "moulding" cockle-bread had a sexual connotation. Cockle bread is also mentioned in a 19th-century nursery rhyme. Cockle weed breadThe play The Old Wives' Tale by George Peele, first published in 1595, has a reference to "cockle-bread". The editor of a 20th-century edition of the play, Charles Whitworth, points to the "cockle" as a weed found in corn and wheat fields, and suggests that "cockle-bread" was possibly an inferior bread, made from those grains, with the weed mixed into it.[1] William Carew Hazlitt writing in Faith and Folklore: a dictionary in 1905, gives the same explanation of "Cockle Bread" as Whitworth.[2] The "moulding" of cocklebreadIn the 17th century a sexual connotation is attached not to the bread itself but to "a dance that involved revealing the buttocks and simulating sexual activity" which was known as "moulding" cockle bread.[3] John Aubrey writes of "young wenches" indulging in a "wanton sport" called "moulding of Cocklebread" where they would "get upon a Tableboard, and as they gather-up their knees and their Coates with their hands as high as they can, and then they wabble to and fro with the Buttocks as if they were kneading of Dough with their Arses".[1] While doing this, the young women would sing the rhyme: {{quote|And I'll go mould my cocklebread! Up with my heels and down with my head, And this is the way to mould cockle-bread.[4] Aubrey compares this, writing "I did imagine nothing to have been in this but mere wantonness of youth ... but I find in Buchardus's book Methodus Confitendi ... one of the articles of interrogating a young woman is, if she did ever subjugere panem clunibus, and then bake it, and give it to the one she loved to eat".[2] From this he decides "I find it to be a relic of natural magic, an unlawful philtrum" (i.e. aphrodisiac or love charm).[5][2] Writing in A Dictionary of Sexual Language and Imagery in Shakespearean and Stuart Literature, Gordon Williams sees Aubrey's "wanton sport" in a 1641 mention of moulding cocklebread, a "sexual sense" in a prayer mentioning the practice from 1683, and considers it "transparent" in the 1683 Fifteen Real Conforts Of Matrimony which "tells how 'Mrs. Betty has been Moulding of Cockle-bread, and her mother discovers it'; the consequence is a 'By-blow in her belly'".[6] Nursery rhymeIn the 19th and 20th centuries, Cockle-Bread became the name of a children's game, played to a nursery rhyme in which the bread is mentioned: {{quote|And we'll go mould some cocklety bread. Up with the heels and down with the head. And that's the way to make cocklety bread.[7] Writing in Observations on the Popular Antiquities of Great Britain in 1854, John Brand describes the nursery rhyme as "modern", but adds that its connection to the earlier "moulding" of cockle bread "is by no means generally understood".[8] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite book|author=George Peele|title=The Old Wife's Tale|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iS2hAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA38|date=18 June 2014|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4081-4462-6|page=38}} {{British bread}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cockle Bread}}2. ^1 2 {{cite book |last=Hazlitt |first1=William Carew |authorlink=William Carew Hazlitt |url=https://archive.org/stream/popularantiquit01branuoft#page/330/mode/2up |title=Faith and Folklore: a dictionary of national beliefs, superstitions and popular customs, past and current, with their classical and foreign analogues, described and illustrated |location=London |publisher=Reeves and Turner |year=1905 |pages=331–332 |accessdate=2014-09-19 }} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Richard Brome|title=A Jovial Crew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KQK2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA122 |date=25 June 2014|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4081-4013-0|page=122}} 4. ^{{cite book |first=John |last=Brand |authorlink=John Brand (antiquarian) |title=Observations on the Popular Antiquities of Great Britain: Chiefly Illustrating the Origin of Our Vulgar and Provincial Customs, Ceremonies, and Superstitions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AM4_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA414|year=1854|publisher=H. G. Bohn.|page=414}} 5. ^A. McLaren, Reproductive Rituals (1984), p. 37 6. ^{{cite book|author=Gordon Williams|title=A Dictionary of Sexual Language and Imagery in Shakespearean and Stuart Literature: Three Volume Set Volume I A-F Volume II G-P Volume III Q-Z|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2XtWDhgljvkC&pg=PA264|date=13 September 2001|publisher=A. & C. Black |isbn=978-0-485-11393-8|pages=264–265}} 7. ^{{cite book|author1=Jacqueline Simpson|author2=Stephen Roud|title=A Dictionary of English Folklore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iTcdvd1iRXsC&pg=PT211|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-210019-1|page=211}} 8. ^{{cite book|first=John |last=Brand |authorlink=John Brand (antiquarian) |title=Observations on the Popular Antiquities of Great Britain: Chiefly Illustrating the Origin of Our Vulgar and Provincial Customs, Ceremonies, and Superstitions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AM4_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA413|year=1854|publisher=H. G. Bohn |pages=413–414}} 3 : Sexual attraction|British breads|Magic substances |
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