| 词条 | Cogges |
| 释义 |
|official_name= Cogges |static_image_name= |static_image_caption= |coordinates = {{coord|51.784|-1.478|display=inline,title}} |os_grid_reference= SP3609 |label_position= top |population= |population_ref= |civil_parish= Witney |shire_district= West Oxfordshire |shire_county= Oxfordshire |region= South East England |country= England |constituency_westminster= Witney |post_town= Witney |postcode_district= OX28 |postcode_area= OX |dial_code= 01993 |website= }} Cogges is an area beside the River Windrush in Witney, Oxfordshire, {{convert|0.5|mi|m}} east of the town centre. It had been a separate village and until 1932 it was a separate civil parish.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=54–55}} HistoryThe former village centres upon three historic buildings: the Church of England parish church of Saint Mary, the former Vicarage and Cogges Manor Farm. There was also formerly an 11th-century fortified manor house.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=54–59}} Two moats survive south of the parish church.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=54–59}} One was called Castle Yard, and excavation within the curtilage of the other has revealed massive 12th century foundations.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=54–59}} Parish churchSt. Mary's parish church had been established by the second half of the 11th century.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=69–72}} The walls of the nave are Romanesque and may be either late Saxon{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=69–72}} or early Norman.{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=550}} The south aisle was added late in the 12th century,{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=69–72}} but the two arches of the arcade between the nave and south aisle were rebuilt in the 13th century.{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=550}} The chancel and chancel arch were enlarged and rebuilt in the middle of the 13th century.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=69–72}} In about 1340 the north chapel was added,{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=69–72}} linked with the chancel by an arcade of two bays and with the 14th century effigy of a lady under one of the arches.{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=550}} The Decorated Gothic{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=550}} north aisle and adjoining bell tower were built in about 1350.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=69–72}} The present east window of the chancel is also Decorated Gothic.{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=550}} The tower's upper stages are octagonal,{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=550}} possibly in reference to a style of church towers in Normandy whence the monks from Fécamp would have originated.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=69–72}} In the 15th century a Perpendicular Gothic clerestory was added to the nave, and the roofs of the nave, aisles and chancel were all rebuilt in the shallow-pitched late-mediaeval manner.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=69–72}} Late in the 15th century the Perpendicular Gothic west window{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=550}} of the nave was inserted.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=69–72}} The windows of the north chapel were decorated with stained glass depicting the heraldry of the de Grey family.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=69–72}} During the English Civil War in the 17th century the church was damaged and the heraldic glass was destroyed.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=69–72}} Benedictine prioryA priory of the Benedictine Abbey of Fécamp was founded at Cogges in 1103.{{sfn|Page|1907|pp=161–162}} The priory became closely associated with the running of the parish church.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=69–72}} In 1441 Henry VI seized the priory and its estates and gave them to Eton College,{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=59–61}} which thus acquired control of the parish church as well.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=69–72}} The priory fell into disrepair{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=54–59}} but the remains of a 13th-century building have survived in an altered form, with an intermediate floor inserted to make it a two-storey building.{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=551}} Early in the 17th century{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=54–59}} a wing was added to the surviving building to make it into a farmhouse.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=54–59}} In 1859 Eton College sold the priory house to the Diocese of Oxford to become St. Mary's Vicarage.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=59–61}} A high, gabled Victorian wing was added to enlarge the house, so that the 13th century core is now sandwiched between 17th and 19th century additions.{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=551}} The Domesday Book records that by 1086 Cogges had a water mill, presumably on the River Windrush.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=61–67}} For much of its history Cogges had two water mills: one at the southern tip of the parish and the other north of the Priory.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=61–67}} The southern mill was originally called Gold Mill, and its name evolved by 1279 to Gill Mill.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=61–67}} By 1670 Gill Mill was being used as a fulling mill and in 1702 and 1712 there were two fulling mills on the site.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=61–67}} The last known record of Gill Mill being in operation is from about 1803.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=61–67}} The northern mill existed by 1272 and was being used as a fulling mill by 1387.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=61–67}} It was still in operation in 1702 but had fallen out of use by 1704.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=61–67}} Manor FarmCogges Manor Farm House (main article: Cogges Manor Farm Museum) is a 16th- and 17th-century house built around the remains of one wing of a manor house that originated in the middle of the 12th century.{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=551}} The remains of the 13th century building were altered in the 16th century{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=551}} and a second wing was added after 1667.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=59–61}} In 1974 Oxfordshire County Council bought the house and converted it into a Cogges Manor Farm Museum.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=59–61}}5[1] An open field system of farming prevailed in the parish until 1787 when an Act of Parliament enabled the common land to be enclosed. Cogges was a separate civil parish until 1932, when the former village became part of Witney and the remaining rural parts were divided between the civil parishes of Ducklington and South Leigh.{{sfn|Crossley|Elrington|1990|pp=54–55}} References1. ^Cogges Manor Farm Museum Sources and further reading
|last3=Baggs |first3=A.P. |last4=Blair |first4=W.J. |last5=Chance |first5=Eleanor |last6=Colvin |first6=Christina |last7=Cooper |first7=Janet |last8=Day |first8=C.J. |last9=Selwyn |first9=Nesta |last10=Townley |first10=Simon C. |series=Victoria County History |title=A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 12: Wootton Hundred (South) including Woodstock |year=1990 |publisher=Victoria County History of the Counties of England |isbn=0-19-722774-0 |pages=54–75 |ref=harv}}
External linksCogges Community PicnicCogges Connected Cogges & Newland Community [https://web.archive.org/web/20130502063346/http://www.theblakeprimary.co.uk/ The Blake Primary School Cogges] {{Commons category inline|Cogges}}{{West Oxfordshire}} 3 : Villages in Oxfordshire|Witney|Former civil parishes in Oxfordshire |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。