| 词条 | Cokeville Elementary School hostage crisis |
| 释义 |
|title = Cokeville Elementary School hostage crisis |image = |caption = |location = Cokeville, Wyoming, United States |target = |date = {{start date and age|1986|5|16}} |time = |type =School bombing, hostage situation, suicide attack |fatalities =2 (both perpetrators) |injuries =79 |perps = David Young and Doris Young }} The Cokeville Elementary School hostage crisis occurred on Friday, May 16, 1986, in Cokeville, Wyoming, United States, when former town marshal David Young, 43, and his wife Doris Young, 47,[1] took 136 children and 18 adults hostage at Cokeville Elementary School. David Young entered the school with his wife transporting a large gasoline-filled device that appeared to be a bomb. The couple corralled a large group of students and teachers into a single classroom. David Young attached the bomb trigger to his wrist and threatened the group that he might, at any time, move his arm and ignite the bomb. After a two-and-a-half hour standoff, the children were becoming restless, so the teachers led them in prayer. The praying appeared to make David Young agitated and he decided to leave the room.[1] Before leaving the room, David Young attached the bomb's detonation device to his wife's wrist. When the children became increasingly loud, Doris Young began begging the teachers to settle the group down. At one point she lifted her arm sharply and the bomb went off prematurely, injuring Doris Young while David Young was out of the room. Returning to the scene, David Young shot his wife, then himself. All the hostages escaped, though 79 were later hospitalized with burns and injuries.[2][3] BackgroundDavid Young was the only police officer in Cokeville for 6 months in 1979. After being fired for misconduct, he moved to Tucson, Arizona, where he married Doris Young. Both David and Doris Young had ties to white supremacist groups, including the Posse Comitatus and the Aryan Nations.[4] David and Doris Young both returned to Cokeville on May 16, 1986. At 1:00 pm, they pulled up to the Cokeville Elementary School and unloaded a gasoline bomb, along with four rifles and nine handguns. Vengeance for having been fired did not seem to have been the motive, but rather a philosophy recorded in journal entries referring to a Brave New World where he wanted to reign over intelligent children. He had been aware of above average achievement scores from Cokeville's education system. Journal entries also indicate that he saw opportunity in the close-knit community where he wrote, "Threaten one and all are at your mercy". David Young went to the school office, handing out a manifesto entitled "ZERO EQUALS INFINITY" and announcing "This is a revolution!". Teachers were confused and baffled by David's nonsensical strange writing and deduced that Young and his wife were mentally ill and delusional. Meanwhile, Doris Young went from classroom to classroom, luring 136 children, 6 faculty, 9 teachers, and 3 other adults, including a job applicant and a UPS driver, into a first-grade classroom for a total of 154 hostages. She lured them by telling them there was either an emergency, a surprise, or an assembly there. Mr. Young had initially planned to involve longtime friends, Gerald Deppe and Doyle Mendenhall, who had invested money with him in a get-rich scheme that Mr. Young had called "The Biggie."[5] The two men eventually refused to participate in the event. Both men were handcuffed in a van outside the school.[6] David's youngest daughter from his first marriage, Penny, entered the elementary school with David and Doris Young, but refused to carry out the plan, leaving to report the incident at the town hall. Penny, Deppe, and Mendenhall were never charged in relation to this crime because of their refusal to participate.[5] StandoffIn the classroom, David Young held the gasoline bomb, with the triggering mechanism attached to a shoelace tied around his wrist. He demanded a ransom of two million dollars per hostage and an audience with President Reagan. David Young had also sent a copy of the manifesto to President Ronald Reagan.[5] With permission, teachers brought in books, art supplies and a television to help keep the children occupied. Meanwhile, police and parents gathered out of sight of the school room where hostages were gathered. Doris Young tried numerous times to calm the children by telling them to "think of it as an adventure movie", or that they "would have a great story to tell their grandchildren". Many children showed signs of distress with sobs, complaining of headaches from the smell of gasoline from the bomb, or simply wanting to go home. One hostage observed a birthday on that day and songs were sung in his honor. The hostage takers took part in the singing. The mood did not lift with the singing and teachers quickly negotiated with the hostage takers to get items from the library to help the kids get their minds off the siege, and help to pass the time. Prayers were offered in small groups among the children, and presumably individually as well. Bombing and death of the perpetratorsAbout 2 and 1/2 hours into the standoff, David Young transferred the triggering mechanism of the bomb to Doris' wrist, and went to a small bathroom that connected the first and second grade rooms. While he was gone, Doris Young jerked her hand on the triggering mechanism and the bomb exploded, filling the room with black smoke and severely injuring Doris. Immediately following the detonation, the teachers started to shove children through two open windows onto the grass outside the school, causing chaos as panicked parents tried to break through police lines. Following the explosion, the police report states that David Young opened the door from the connecting bathroom, shot and killed his wife,[7] shot and wounded John Miller, a teacher who was trying to flee, and then closed the door to the small bathroom and killed himself. Aftermath, injuries and miraculous claims76 of the hostages suffered injuries, mostly flash burns and other injuries from the exploding bomb. Several children reported seeing angels in the classroom that day, including many children who claimed to have seen a "beautiful lady" or person all in white who told them to go near the window. Other children reported seeing an angel over each child's head. [8] MediaThe incident was detailed in the book The Cokeville Miracle: When Angels Intervene[9] by Hartt Wixom and his wife Judene, published by Cedar Fort, Inc., which formed the basis for a CBS made-for-TV movie titled To Save the Children. In 2006, the Cokeville Miracle Foundation compiled a book of recollections about the day from parents, emergency workers and former hostages. The story was also featured on Unsolved Mysteries, Unexplained Mysteries, and I Survived... A movie about the incident, The Cokeville Miracle, was released on June 5, 2015. It was made by filmmaker T. C. Christensen.[10] References1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/cokeville-elementary-school-bombing|title=Cokeville Elementary School Bombing {{!}} WyoHistory.org|last=|first=|date=|website=www.wyohistory.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-13}} 2. ^{{cite web| url=http://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/article_c50c0569-aa7e-56ac-8e1e-42a9fd55f34a.html|title= 25 years after school bombing, Wyoming town remembers story of survival|publisher= The Billings Gazette |accessdate=July 20, 2012}} 3. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/17/us/couple-take-over-school-but-die-after-bomb-blast.html|title= Couple take over school but die after bomb blast|publisher= The New York Times |accessdate=March 13, 2015}} 4. ^https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/18/us/couple-in-school-blast-linked-to-extremist-group.html 5. ^1 2 {{cite web|last1=Clark|first1=Jessica|title=Cokeville Elementary School Bombing|url=http://www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/cokeville-elementary-school-bombing|website=WyoHistory.org|publisher=Wyoming State Historical Society|accessdate=June 8, 2015}} 6. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Curry|first1=Bill|title=Radical Right Link Suggested in Hostage Case|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1986-05-18/news/mn-20910_1_doris-young|accessdate=June 8, 2015|publisher=Los Angeles Times|date=May 18, 1986}} 7. ^{{cite news|title=A projectile killed Dorris Young, not bomb blast, police in Cokeville say|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers/p/deseret_news?id=nz1TAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BYQDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4165,3587249&dq=cokeville+bombing&hl=en|accessdate=June 8, 2015|agency=Associated Press|publisher=Deseret News|date=May 24, 1986}} 8. ^{{cite web|last=Jarvik|first=Elaine|title=Cokeville recollects 'miracle' of 1986|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/635207589/Cokeville-recollects-miracle}} 9. ^{{cite book|last1=Wixom|first1=Hartt|last2=Wixom|first2=Judene|title=When Angels Intervene to Save the Children|date=2008|publisher=Cedar Fort, Inc.|isbn=978-1-55517-144-5|pages=105–107|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/When_Angels_Intervene_to_Save_the_Childr.html?id=uZUM-FoPOfIC|accessdate=June 8, 2015}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ksl.com/?sid=30450706 |title='Cokeville Miracle' coming to the big screen |format= |work= |accessdate=October 23, 2014}} External links{{Portal|Wyoming|Schools|Criminal justice}}
12 : 1986 crimes in the United States|Attacks in the United States in 1986|1986 mass shootings in the United States|History of Wyoming|School bombings in the United States|Hostage taking in the United States|Improvised explosive device bombings in the United States|Explosions in the United States|Lincoln County, Wyoming|Explosions in 1986|1986 in Wyoming|Crime in Wyoming |
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