“Cadmium sulfate”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Cadmium sulfate

释义

Structure, preparation, and occurrence
Applications
References

{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 476999882
| Name = Cadmium sulfate
| ImageFile = CdSO4(H2O).jpg
| ImageName = Cadmium sulfate
| IUPACName = Cadmium(II) sulfate
| OtherNames = Sulfuric acid, cadmium salt (1:1),

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 23335
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 947UNF3Z6O
| InChI = 1/Cd.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 50292
| SMILES = [Cd+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O
| InChIKey = QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-NUQVWONBAG
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/Cd.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L
| CASNo = 10124-36-4
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo2_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
| CASNo2 = 7709-84-3
| CASNo2_Comment = (monohydrate)
| CASNo3_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
| CASNo3 = 15244-35-9
| CASNo3_Comment = (octahydrate)
| EINECS = 233-331-6
| RTECS = EV2700000
| UNNumber = 2570
| PubChem = 24962
| PubChem_Comment = (anhydrous)
| PubChem3 = 16211218
| PubChem3_Comment = (octahydrate)
| PubChem1 = 23618914
| PubChem1_Comment = (tetrahydrate)
| ChEBI3 = 86157
| ChEBI3_Comment = (octahydrate)
| Gmelin = 8295
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = CdSO₄
CdSO₄·H₂O (monohydrate)
3CdSO₄·8H₂O (octahydrate)
| MolarMass = 208.47 g/mol (anhydrous)
226.490 g/mol (monohydrate)
769.546 g/mol (octahydrate)
| Appearance = White hygroscopic solid
| Odor = odorless
| Density = 4.691 g/cm³ (anhydrous)
3.79 g/cm³ (monohydrate)
3.08 g/cm³ (octahydrate)^[1]
| Solubility = anhydrous:
75 g/100 mL (0 °C)
76.4 g/100 mL (25 °C)
58.4 g/100 mL (99 °C)

monohydrate:
76.7 g/100 mL (25 °C)

octahydrate:
very soluble
| SolubleOther = slightly soluble in methanol, ethyl acetate
insoluble in ethanol
| MeltingPtC = 1000
| MeltingPt_notes = (anhydrous)
105 °C (monohydrate)
40 °C (octahydrate)
| BoilingPt = (decomposes to basic sulfate and then oxide)
| pKa =
| pKb =
| Viscosity =
| RefractIndex = 1.565
| MagSus = -59.2·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| MolShape =
| Coordination =
| CrystalStruct = orthorhombic (anhydrous)
monoclinic (hepta & octahydrate)
| Dipole =
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −935 kJ·mol⁻¹^[2]
| Entropy = 123 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹^[2]
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS =[https://web.archive.org/web/20080907181930/http://www.vinquiry.com/pdf/MSDS/CADMIUMSULFATE.pdf]
| NFPA-H = 3
| NFPA-F = 1
| NFPA-R = 0
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS06}}{{GHS08}}{{GHS09}}
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|301|330|340|350|360|372|400|410}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|201|202|260|264|270|271|273|281|284|301+310|304+340|308+313|310|314|320|321|330|391|403+233|405|501}}
| LD50 = 280 mg/kg (oral, rat)
| REL = Ca^[3]
| PEL = [1910.1027] TWA 0.005 mg/m³ (as Cd)^[3]
| IDLH = Ca [9 mg/m³ (as Cd)]^[3]
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = Cadmium acetate,
Cadmium chloride,
Cadmium nitrate
| OtherCations = Zinc sulfate,
Calcium sulfate,
Magnesium sulfate
}}

Cadmium sulfate is the name of a series of related inorganic compounds with the formula CdSO₄·{{mvar|x}}H₂O. The most common form is the monohydrate CdSO₄·H₂O, but two other forms are known CdSO₄·{{frac|8|3}}H₂O and the anhydrous salt (CdSO₄). All salts are colourless and highly soluble in water.

Structure, preparation, and occurrence

X-ray crystallography shows that CdSO₄·H₂O is a typical coordination polymer. Each Cd²⁺ center has octahedral coordination geometry, being surrounded by four oxygen centers provided by four sulfate ligands and two oxygen centers from the bridging water ligands.^[4]

Cadmium sulfate octohydrate can be prepared by the reaction of cadmium metal or its oxide or hydroxide with dilute sulfuric acid:

CdO + H₂SO₄ → CdSO₄ + H₂O

Cd + H₂SO₄ → CdSO₄ + H₂

The anhydrous material is prepared using sodium persulfate:

Cd + Na₂S₂O₈ → CdSO₄ + Na₂SO₄

Pure cadmium sulfate occurs as very rare minerals drobecite (CdSO₄·4H₂O), voudourisite (monohydrate), and lazaridisite (the 8/3-hydrate).

Applications

Cadmium sulfate is used widely for the electroplating of cadmium in electronic circuits.

It is also a precursor to cadmium-based pigment such as cadmium sulfide. It is also used for electrolyte in a Weston standard cell as well as a pigment in fluorescent screens.

References

1. ^{{RubberBible87th}}
2. ^¹{{cite book| author = Zumdahl, Steven S.|title =Chemical Principles 6th Ed.| publisher = Houghton Mifflin Company| year = 2009| isbn = 0-618-94690-X|page=A21}}
3. ^¹²{{PGCH|0087}}
4. ^Theppitak, C/; Chainok, K. "Crystal structure of CdSO₄(H₂O): A Redetermination" Acta Crystallographica, Section E. Structure Reports Online 2015, volume 71, pi8-pi9. {{doii|10.1107/S2056989015016904}}

2 : Cadmium compounds|Sulfates

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