| 词条 | Comcomly |
| 释义 |
|name = Comcomly |image = Portrait of Chief Comcomly.jpg |image_size = 200px |caption = Chief Comcomly as he appeared in the early 1800s |tribe = Chinook |lead = |birth_date = 1765 |birth_place = |death_date = 1830 |death_place = |predecessor = |successor = |native_name = |nicknames = |known for = |death_cause = Malaria |resting_place = Pacific County, Washington |rp_coordinates = |religion = |party = |education = |spouse = |partner = |children = Elvamox (Marianne), Raven (Princess Sunday), Ilchee (Princess Of Wales) |parents = |relations = |signature = |footnotes = }}Comcomly (or Concomly) (1765 – 1830)[1] was a leader of the Native American Chinookan people. Referred to as "Chief" or "'King" Comcomly in contemporaneous journals,[2] he was the principal leader of the Chinook Confederacy, which extended along the Columbia River from the Cascade Range to the Pacific Ocean.[3]Washington Irving described him in his book Astoria as "a shrewd old savage, with but one eye," and referred to his trade and diplomacy skills.[3] Modern historian James Ronda characterizes Comcomly as a talented diplomat and shrewd businessman.[4] He was friendly to the British and Euro-American explorers whom he encountered, including Robert Gray and George Vancouver,[5] and he received peace medals from Lewis and Clark.[3] He also assisted the Pacific Fur Company, also known as the Astor Expedition, and offered to help the Americans fight the British during the War of 1812, but Astoria was sold to the British instead.[3] Comcomly was friendly with the British as well.[3] He was entertained at Fort Vancouver by John McLoughlin and he piloted Hudson's Bay Company ships up the Columbia.[3] FamilyComcomly's daughter Elvamox, also known as Marianne, married Duncan McDougall of the Pacific Fur Company, and after he left she married Etienne Alexis Aubichon, also a fur trader. She was the mother of one son and six daughters.[6] Another of Comcomly's daughters, Koale'xoa[7] (also known as Raven or Princess Sunday), married Archibald McDonald.[3] She was the mother of Ranald MacDonald.[3] Another of Comcomly's daughters, Ilchee, also known as Princess Of Wales, married Alexander McKenzie, a clerk with the Hudson's Bay Company who was killed in 1828 by S'Kallem tribal members.[8] DescendantsDescendants of Comcomly include Chinook elder and historian Catherine Troeh [9] and United States Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens, who perished in Libya during the 2012 militant attack on the US consulate in Benghazi.[10] DeathComcomly died in 1830 when a fever epidemic struck his tribe.[3] His remains were interred in a canoe, per Chinook custom, in the family burial ground.[11] In 1835, Comcomly's skull was stolen from his grave by a Hudson's Bay Company physician and sent to England for display in the Royal Naval Hospital Haslar Museum. Although damaged in The Blitz during World War II, the skull was eventually sent to the Clatsop County Historical Society in Astoria in 1953, and then to the Smithsonian Institution in 1956.[12] In 1972, it was finally repatriated to Chinook tribal members for reburial.[13] NamesakesThere was a station of the Oregon Electric Railway in Marion County named "Concomly".[14] Concomly Road, Salem, Oregon. References1. ^{{cite web|last=Sheldon|first=T|title=Ilwaco Cemetery Records|url=http://www.interment.net/data/us/wa/pacific/ilwaco/ilwaco_ac.htm|work=Cemetery Records Online|publisher=Interment.net|accessdate=2012-02-01}} 2. ^{{cite book|author1=Henry, Alexander |author2=Thompson, David |title=New Light on the Early History of the Greater Northwest: The Manuscript Journals of Alexander Henry and David Thompson, 1799-1814, Volume II|date=1897|publisher=Francis P. Harper|location=New York|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gMQnAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA789 |editor=Elliott Coues|accessdate=May 12, 2014|format=Hardback}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite book| last = Cogswell, Jr.| first = Philip| title = Capitol Names: Individuals Woven Into Oregon's History| publisher = Oregon Historical Society| year = 1977| location = Portland, Oregon| page = 103}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Ronda|first=James P.|title=Astoria and Empire|date=1990|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|location=Lincoln|isbn=0-8032-8942-1|pages=198–297|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4vrLxMSP0pUC&pg=PA295 }} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Floris|first=Beryl Marjory Brown|title=Elvamox: Memories of a Pacific Northwest Family|year=1980|publisher=John Balogh Floris|location=Nevada City|pages=7|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Elvamox.html?id=w_1AHAAACAAJ}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Floris|first=Beryl Marjory Brown|title=Elvamox: Memories of a Pacific Northwest Family|year=1980|publisher=John Balogh Floris|location=Nevada City|pages=72|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Elvamox.html?id=w_1AHAAACAAJ}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/macdonald_ranald/#.WnnS8K2ZOV5|title=Ranald MacDonald (1824-1894)|website=oregonencyclopedia.org|language=en|access-date=2018-02-06}} 8. ^History of American Indians: Exploring Diverse Roots; By Robert R. McCoy, Steven M. Fountain 9. ^{{cite news |first=Lewis|last=Kamb|title= Roommates discover a bond going back to Lewis and Clark| url= http://www.seattlepi.com/local/152198_roommates12.html|work=The Seattle Times| date=2003-12-12 |accessdate=2007-07-25}} 10. ^{{Cite news| last = Jenni Monet| title = Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens' Mother Spells Out Family Legacy| work = Indian Country Today Media Network| accessdate = 2012-09-29| date = 2012-09-28| url = http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2012/09/28/ambassador-j-christopher-stevens-mother-spells-out-family-legacy-136422}} 11. ^Mussulman, Joseph. “Chief Comcomly's Tomb”, Discovering Lewis and Clark. Retrieved on 2008-07-13. 12. ^{{cite book|last=Stewart|first=Thomas Dale|title=The Chinook Sign of Freedom: A Study of the Skull of the Famous Chief Comcomly|year=1960|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|location=Washington|pages=20|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Chinook_Sign_of_Freedom.html?id=pQANHAAACAAJ}} 13. ^{{cite book|last=Schodt|first=Frederik L.|title=Native American in the Land of the Shogun: Ranald MacDonald and the Opening of Japan|date=2003|publisher=Stone Bridge Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=1880656787|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3NTiU0fOh20C&pg=PA24 }} 14. ^{{cite ogn|7th}} External links
6 : Native American leaders|Native American history of Oregon|History of Washington (state)|1760s births|1830 deaths|18th-century Native Americans |
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