| 词条 | Commercial Closet Association |
| 释义 |
| logo = Commercial Closet Association Logo-white.jpg | logo_alt = Four horizontal color bars with the left ends pixelated until they disappear; "Commercial Closet Association" in sans serif font on the right with "Association" in purple | logo_caption = Commercial Closet Association Logo | merged = GLAAD | formation = 2001 | extinction = {{end date and age|2008|05|07}} | type = Non-profit organization | status = | purpose = Education on LGBT representation in advertising and media | name = Commercial Closet Association | abbreviation = CCA | founder = Michael Wilke | location = New York City }} The Commercial Closet Association (CCA) was a New York City based non-profit organization, founded in 2001[1] to provide "training and best practices on the representation of" the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community.[2] It hoped to affect the $1.1 trillion annual worldwide advertising market ($128 billion in the US alone).[3] Its board announced its closure in 2009 after merging with the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD).[2] The Association's programs targeted at the business and advertising industries included advertising training, an online Ad Library, Best Practices guidelines, a monthly LGBT advertising issues column, and the annual Images in Advertising Awards event to honor excellence of LGBT portrayals in advertising.[4][5] The organization targeted marketing and ad agency corporate officers and executives, university students/professors, the media, and consumers, aiming to make future advertising more inclusive and positive by contacting advertising and image creators in order to educate them directly.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} ProgramsThe CCA stated it was not pressure group or advertising watchdog, instead aiming to educate advertisers.[6] Its programs focused on raising industry awareness of the issues of homophobia and transphobia in mainstream advertising; some of its efforts were created in conjunction with the Association of National Advertisers, the American Association of Advertising Agencies, New York politicians like Thomas Duane, and major advertising agency executives.[7] After the merger, GLAAD received the Ad Library, training resources, online materials, and the company's name.[2] The CCA Ad Library is an online collection of 4,000+ LGBT-themed ads from over 33 countries and hundreds of companies and ad agencies[8] since 1917. It contained "video clips, still photo storyboards, descriptive critiques, and indexing to more than 600 television and print media ad representations," sortable by various statistics and also by overall depiction or message about gayness, "categorized as vague, neutral, positive, or negative."[9] The site includes ratings, consumer feedback, Advertising Best Practices, and other resources.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} The Best Practices guidelines outlined how to create respectful ad representations of LGBT people to be used as part of advertising training.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} Each year, the organization seeded 40-50 press stories and conducted worldwide advertising tracking and analysis of LGBT representations, complete with ratings and visitor feedback.[10][11][12][13] The CCA published original data reports on LGBT sponsorship spending, top spending companies, and top earning LGBT organizations and events.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} HistoryThe Commercial Closet Association was founded in 2001 "as a way to track and document [LGBT] themed advertisements."[14] It developed out of work by Advertising Age magazine business journalist Michael Wilke, who was known for his work in writing about gay and lesbian matters in advertising. He had created a video program in 1997 called "The Commercial Closet", which was presented at film festivals internationally, and in 2001, Wilke was funded by broadcast historian Michael Collins, then of Quinnipiac College of Connecticut,[15] to start a full nonprofit organization by the same name.[16] The project received pro-bono work from web development firm Mediapolis and designer Stephen Mack of Gnomist to develop the first version of CCA's online advertising library and ad ratings system at CommercialCloset.org. In 2004, the name evolved to Commercial Closet Association to indicate that it was an organization and to distinguish it from the educational programs it produced.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} Wilke had written about LGBT issues with Inside Media, Advertising Age (Crain Communications), Adweek (Nielsen Company), and other publications since 1992. He is credited with coining the term "gay vague" in 1997 while at Advertising Age.[17][18] He served as the New York chapter president of the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association from 1998–2000, received a 1998 honor at the GLAAD Media Awards for his journalism on LGBT in related industries, was honored in 2001 as one of the "OUT 100" by Out (magazine),[19][20] and was a 2002 Crain Lecturer at the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University.[21] He was a judge for the 2006 Association of National Advertisers Multicultural Excellence Awards. He writes a syndicated national column, The Commercial Closet, for LGBT newspapers and web sites.[22] The CCA began its Images in Advertising Awards in 2004, running until at least 2008.[23] In 2009, the Commercial Closet Associate's board of directors announced its closure and merger with GLAAD; Wilke claimed to have received news of his removal from the company via news coverage of the merger.[2][24] After the merger, GLAAD received the Ad Library, training resources, online materials, and the company's name, launching the GLAAD Advertising Media Program in May of that year. GLAAD's senior director of media programs stated that the program would continue GLAAD's practice of "reaching out and informing the corporation when they make mistakes and giving them the option to change things."[22] In December 2012, Commercial Closet Association was relaunched as AdRespect.org. Partnerships and sponsorsCCA is supported through foundation grants, corporate sponsorships, fundraising events, membership, individual donations, and training fees. CCA has or had partnerships with advertising and media industry groups and with the LGBT organizations in the United States. Ad industry groups include the Association of National Advertisers and the Advertising Educational Foundation. Media include The New York Times, Sirius Satellite Radio, and Adweek. Gay community groups include the Human Rights Campaign, the Gay Lesbian Straight Education Network (GLSEN), and also GLAAD, pre-merger. GLSEN carried a Student Viewing Guide for teachers, and Human Rights Campaign carried the CCA's monthly gay advertising issues column, the Advertising Best Practices, and excerpts from Commercial Closet in the marketing section of WorkNet. The Images in Advertising Awards were sponsored by ad agencies including Lowe Worldwide, Arnold Worldwide, Interpublic Group, SSH+K, and others.[22] See also{{Portal|LGBT}}
References1. ^{{Citation | last = Adrienne Mand | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = Site for gay ads debuts | newspaper = Advertising Age | pages = | year = 2001 | url = http://adage.com/abstract.php?article_id=54808 }} 2. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url=https://adage.com/article/news/commercial-closet-closed-remnants-assumed-glaad/136521/|title=Commercial Closet Closed, Remnants Assumed by GLAAD|last=|first=|date=|website=Advertising Age|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-03-02}} 3. ^{{Citation|title=Sustainable Capitalism: A Matter of Common Sense|first=John|last=Ikard|publisher=Kumarian Press|location=Sterling, VA |year=2005|isbn=1-56549-206-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3sBgJ43JhJ0C&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=%24128+billion+advertising+market+-travel+-mobile+-search+-medicine&q=%24128%20billion%20advertising%20market%20-travel%20-mobile%20-search%20-medicine}} 4. ^{{Citation|last=Ken Wheaton|first=|title=Awards Show Proves to be Gay Affair|url=http://adage.com/abstract.php?article_id=109474|newspaper=Advertising Age|pages=|year=2006|last2=|first2=|author-link=|author2-link=}} 5. ^{{Citation|last=Andrew Hampp|first=|title=The Gays Celebrate Advertising Progress|url=http://adage.com/adages/post?article_id=122080|newspaper=Advertising Age|pages=|year=2007|last2=|first2=|author-link=|author2-link=}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.idealist.org/en/nonprofit/85f4e0a46b9c4dcfa7d43356df44c059-commercial-closet-association-new-york|title=Commercial Closet Association|last=|first=|date=|website=Idealist|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-03-02}} 7. ^{{Citation | last = Andrew Hampp | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = Mad Ave's Other Diversity Problem: Commercial Closet Calls on Agencies to Eliminate LGBT Stereotypes in Ads | newspaper = Advertising Age | pages = | year = 2008 | url = http://adage.com/abstract.php?article_id=131168 }} 8. ^{{Citation | last = Aparna Kumar | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = Commercials: Out of the Closet | newspaper = Wired | pages = | url = https://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2001/05/43618?currentPage=all | date=2001-05-08 }} 9. ^{{Cite journal|last=Pope|first=Daniel|date=|title=Making Sense of Advertisements|url=http://historymatters.gmu.edu/mse/ads/ads.pdf|journal=|volume=|pages=|via=}} 10. ^{{Citation | last = Eleftheria Parpis | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = The Joke's Over: Withdrawing allegedly offensive gay-themed ads puts industry on notice | newspaper = Adweek | pages = | year = 2008 | url = http://www.adweek.com/aw/content_display/creative/features/e3i1e343e9ca0d6f68ba6e7fb6a280c1303 }} 11. ^{{Citation | last = Michael McCarthy | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = Do Popeye and Bluto love juice — or each other? | newspaper = USA Today | pages = | year = 2006 | url = https://www.usatoday.com/money/advertising/2001-05-11-popeye.htm| date=2001-05-11| accessdate=2010-04-30}} 12. ^{{Citation | last = Steve Friess | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = Advertising: Sensitivity Training | newspaper = Newsweek | pages = | year = 2002 | url = http://www.newsweek.com/id/66652 }} 13. ^{{Citation | last = Chris Marlowe | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = Online Closet Outs Ads For Gay Community | newspaper = The Hollywood Reporter | pages = | year = 2001 | url = http://www.allbusiness.com/services/motion-pictures/4826730-1.html }} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/fales/mss_495/|title=Guide to Commercial Closet, Ad Respect, and Michael Wilke LGBT Advertising Archive|last=Wilke|first=Michael|date=2017-08-28|website=The Fales Library and Special Collections|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-03-02}} 15. ^{{Citation|last=Robin Wallace|first=|title=Does Spending Power Buy Cultural Acceptance?|date=2003-09-16|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,97293,00.html|newspaper=Fox News|pages=|last2=|first2=|author-link=|author2-link=}} 16. ^{{Citation|last=Ken Liebeskind|first=|title=Gay Themed Ads and a Web Site That Tracks Them|url=http://www.mediapost.com/publications/index.cfm?fa=Articles.showArticle&art_aid=11745|newspaper=MediaPost|pages=|year=2001|last2=|first2=|author-link=|author2-link=}}{{dead link|date=September 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} 17. ^{{Citation|last=Stuart Elliott|first=|title=Homosexual imagery is spreading from print campaigns to general-interest TV programming.|date=1997-06-30|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/30/business/homosexual-imagery-spreading-print-campaigns-general-interest-tv-programming.html|newspaper=The New York Times|pages=|accessdate=2010-04-30|last2=|first2=|author-link=|author2-link=}} 18. ^Sender, Katherine, Business, Not Politics, (Columbia University Press, 2004), 261, Notes 20 19. ^{{Citation|last=June Thomas|first=|title=Briefs: Out, December 2001|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2059577/|newspaper=Slate|pages=|year=2001|last2=|first2=|author-link=|author2-link=}} 20. ^{{Citation|last=|first=|title=Out 100, Alumni 2001|url=http://out.com/out100/alumni_2001.asp|newspaper=Out Magazine|pages=|year=2001|last2=|first2=|author-link=|author2-link=}} 21. ^{{Citation|last=|first=|title=2002 Crain Speakers|url=http://www.medill.northwestern.edu/about/page.aspx?id=90985|newspaper=Official Medill/Northwestern website|pages=|df=|year=2002|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613225527/https://www.medill.northwestern.edu/about/page.aspx?id=90985|deadurl=yes|archivedate=2010-06-13|last2=|first2=|author-link=|author2-link=}} 22. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.commercialcloset.org/|title=Commercial Closet Association website|date=|publisher=Commercialcloset.org|accessdate=2014-01-15}} 23. ^{{Cite web|url=https://fleishmanhillard.com/2008/08/brand-marketing/commercial-closet-associations-images-in-advertising-awards/|title=Commercial Closet Association's Images In Advertising Awards|last=|first=|date=2008-08-01|website=Fleishman Hillard|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-03-02}} 24. ^{{Cite web|url=https://adage.com/article/news/commercial-closet-founder-disputes-glaad-merger-timeline/132535/|title=Commercial Closet Founder Disputes GLAAD Merger Timeline|last=|first=|date=|website=Advertising Age|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-03-02}} External links
7 : LGBT organizations in the United States|Advertising organizations|Marketing organizations|LGBT portrayals in media|Organizations established in 2001|2001 establishments in New York City|Organizations based in New York City |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。