| 词条 | Common dab |
| 释义 |
| name = Common dab | image = Limanda limanda.jpg | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref =[1] | taxon = Limanda limanda | authority = (Linnaeus, 1758) | range_map = Common Dab Limanda limanda distribution map.png | range_map_caption = Common dab range.[2] | synonyms = *Pleuronectes limanda Linnaeus, 1758
}} The common dab (Limanda limanda) is an edible flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish native to shallow seas around Northern Europe, in particular the North Sea, where it lives on sandy bottoms down to depths of about {{convert|100|m|ft}}. It can reach {{convert|40|cm|in}} in length and can weigh up to {{convert|1|kg|lb}}, though most specimens grow no longer than {{convert|20|cm|in}}.[3][4] Taxonomy and nomenclatureThe etymology of the name dab is unclear, but the modern English use seems to originate from the Middle English dabbe.[5] It is first recorded in the late 16th century.[6] The common dab was first named Pleuronectes limanda by Carl Linnaeus in the 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It has also been moved to other genera, including Liopsetta, and is now known as Limanda limanda.[7] IdentificationThe common dab has a similar appearance to both the plaice and the flounder, and similarly has both its eyes normally on the right-hand side of its body. The upper surface is usually pale brown in colour with scattered darker blotches and speckles, but does not have the orange spots typical of a plaice. They are distinguished from flounder by their translucent body. The pectoral fins may be orange. The lateral line is marked by a distinctive semi-circular curve above the pectoral fin. The dorsal and anal fins form a gently rounded curve round the margin of the body. The scales have rough posterior edges and this fish has no large bony projections. A typical size is in the range {{convert|25|to|40|cm|0|abbr=on}}.[4][8] DietThe common dab's diet consists of zoobenthos organisms such as marine worms, molluscs, sand eels, amphipods, crustaceans, echinoderms and small pieces of fish.[4] DistributionThe common dab is a bottom dweller, found in coastal waters in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Its range extends from the Bay of Biscay to Iceland and the White Sea and includes the North Sea and the western part of the Baltic Sea.[9] Commercial fishingThe dab is an abundant fish and until recently was mostly ignored as a commercial fish, with most dab only retained when they were caught as by-catch of other targeted species.[10][11] However, the declining numbers of other food fish such as cod and haddock has seen dab become an increasingly important commercial species.[12] They are now targeted by an increasing number of commercial vessels, especially in the North Sea. A number of high-profile celebrity chefs such as Jamie Oliver have attempted to get people to eat more dab in order to take the pressure off the species of commercial fish which are currently heavily exploited.[13] References1. ^{{cite journal | author1 = Monroe, T.| author2 = Costa, M. | author3 = Nielsen, J. | author4 = Herrera, J. | author5 = de Sola, L. | last-author-amp = yes | year = 2004 | title = Limanda limanda | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2014 | page = e.T18214863A45790133 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T18214863A45790133.en}} Downloaded on 25 March 2018. 2. ^International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 2014. Limanda limanda. In: IUCN 2015. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.2. {{cite web |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-01-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627000000/http://www.iucnredlist.org/ |archivedate=2014-06-27 |df= }}. Downloaded on 23 July 2015. 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=695# |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060302172136/http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=695 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2 March 2006 |title=Limanda limanda |accessdate=2009-05-12 |date=15 January 2009 |work=Fishbase |df= }} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.habitas.org.uk/marinelife/species.asp?item=ZG8910 |title=Limanda limanda |accessdate=2009-04-28 |author1=Picton, B.E. |author2=Morrow, C.C. |year=2005 |work=Encyclopaedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland |publisher=Habitas Online |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050802113355/http://www.habitas.org.uk/marinelife/species.asp?item=ZG8910 |archivedate=2 August 2005 }} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://dictionary1.classic.reference.com/browse/dab |title=dab |accessdate=2009-05-12 |year=2006 |work=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt }} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://dictionary1.classic.reference.com/browse/dab |title=dab |accessdate=2009-05-12 |year=2006 |work=Random House Unabridged Dictionary |publisher=Random House }} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fishbase.org/Nomenclature/SynonymsList.php?ID=695&SynCode=12972&GenusName=Limanda&SpeciesName=limanda |title=Synonyms of Limanda limanda |accessdate=2009-05-12 |date=7 May 2005 |work=Fishbase }} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.luontoportti.com/suomi/en/kalat/dab |title=Dab: Limanda limanda |publisher=NatureGate |accessdate=2013-12-17}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/3361/en |title=Species factsheet: Limanda limanda |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |accessdate=2013-12-17}} 10. ^{{cite book|last1=Burton |first1=Maurice |last2=Burton |first2=Robert |title=The international wildlife encyclopedia |volume=10 |year=2002 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=978-0-7614-7266-7 |pages=634–5 |chapter=Dab}} 11. ^{{cite book|author=North Sea Task Force|title=North Sea quality status report 1993|year=1993|publisher=Olsen and Olsen|location=Fredensborg, Denmark|isbn=978-1-872349-07-7|page=70}} 12. ^{{cite web | url = http://britishseafishing.co.uk/dab/ | title = Dab | publisher = British Sea Fishing | accessdate = 8 May 2014}} 13. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.jamieoliver.com/recipes/fish-recipes/mediterranean-style-dab | title = Mediterranean-style Dab | publisher = JamieOliver.com | accessdate = 8 May 2014}} External links
5 : Limanda|Fish described in 1758|Fish of Europe|Fish of the North Sea|Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus |
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