“Conchoid of Dürer”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Conchoid of Dürer

释义

Construction
Equation
Properties
History
See also
References
External links

The conchoid of Dürer, also called Dürer's shell curve, is a variant of a conchoid or plane algebraic curve, named after Albrecht Dürer. It is not a true conchoid.

Construction

Suppose two perpendicular lines are given, with intersection point O. For concreteness we may assume that these are the coordinate axes and that O is the origin, that is (0, 0). Let points {{math|1=Q = (q, 0)}} and {{math|1=R = (0, r)}} move on the axes in such a way that {{math|1=q + r = b}}, a constant. On the line {{math|QR}}, extended as necessary, mark points {{math|P}} and {{mvar|P'}} at a fixed distance {{mvar|a}} from {{math|Q}}. The locus of the points {{math|P}} and {{mvar|P'}} is Dürer's conchoid.^[1]

Equation

The equation of the conchoid in Cartesian form is

In parametric form the equation is given by

where the parameter {{mvar|t}} is measured in radians.^[2]

Properties

The curve has two components, asymptotic to the lines .^[3] Each component is a rational curve. If a > b there is a loop, if a = b there is a cusp at (0,a).

Special cases include:

a = 0: the line y = 0;
b = 0: the line pair together with the circle ;

The envelope of straight lines used in the construction form a parabola (as seen in Durer's original diagram above) and therefore the curve is a point-glissette formed by a line and one of its points sliding respectively against a parabola and one of its tangents.^[4]

History

It was first described by the German painter and mathematician Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528) in his book Underweysung der Messung (Instruction in Measurement with Compass and Straightedge p. 38), calling it Ein muschellini (Conchoid or Shell). Dürer only drew one branch of the curve.

References

1. ^{{citation | first=J. Dennis|last= Lawrence | title=A catalog of special plane curves | publisher=Dover Publications | year=1972 | isbn=0-486-60288-5 | page=157}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.desmos.com/calculator/cc8tpciqr8|title=Dürer's Conchoid}} beware that the constants {{mvar|a}} and {{mvar|b}} are interchanged in this source
3. ^{{citation|first=Henry E.|last=Fettis|title=The Geometry of Dürer's Conchoid|journal=Crux Mathematicorum|volume=9|issue=2|year=1983|url=https://cms.math.ca/crux/backfile/Crux_v9no2_Feb.pdf|issn=0705-0348}}
4. ^{{citation|first=E. H.|last=Lockwood|title=A Book of Curves|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2007|orig-year=1967|page=164|isbn=9780521044448}}

External links

2 : Algebraic curves|Albrecht Dürer

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