| 词条 | Condyloid process |
| 释义 |
| Name = Condyloid process | Latin = processus condylaris mandibulae | Image = Condyloid process - lateral view.png | Caption = Position of condyloid process (shown in red). | Image2 = Condyloid process - close-up - superior view2.png | Caption2 = Mandible. Condyloid processes are shown in red. }} The condyloid process or condylar process is the process on the human mandible and some other species' mandibles that ends in a condyle, the mandibular condyle. It is thicker than the coronoid process of the mandible and consists of two portions: the condyle and the constricted portion which supports it, the neck. CondyleThe condyle presents an articular surface for articulation with the articular disk of the temporomandibular joint; it is convex from before backward and from side to side, and extends farther on the posterior than on the anterior surface. Its long axis is directed medialward and slightly backward, and if prolonged to the middle line will meet that of the opposite condyle near the anterior margin of the foramen magnum. At the lateral extremity of the condyle is a small tubercle for the attachment of the temporomandibular ligament. The articular surface of the condyle is covered by fibrous tissue, and interfaces with an articular disk (or meniscus) of avascular, non-innervated fibrous tissue (collagen, fibroblasts). When the mouth is closed the meniscus is bordered medially and superiorly by the glenoid fossa of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. When the mouth is opened maximally, the meniscus is distracted anteriorly and inferiorly along the slope of the inferior portion of the temporal bone towards the tubercle, or articular eminence, in order to remain interposed between the condyle and the temporal bone in all jaw positions. NeckThe neck is flattened from before backward, and strengthened by ridges which descend from the forepart and sides of the condyle. Its posterior surface is convex; its anterior surface has a depression for the attachment of the Pterygoideus externus (lateral pterygoid muscle). Additional images{{Gallery|lines=4|File:Condyloid process - animation.gif|Position of condyloid process (shown in red) |File:Condyloid process - close-up - animation2.gif|Mandible. Position of condyloid process is shown in red. |File:Processuscondylarismandibulae.PNG|Mandible. Outer surface. Side view. (Condyle and neck labeled at upper right.) |File:Gray177 - Condyloid process.png|Inner surface of mandible. Condyloid process is at upper left. |Image:Gray383.png|The Pterygoidei; the zygomatic arch and a portion of the ramus of the mandible have been removed. |Image:Gray908.png|Horizontal section through left ear; upper half of section. |File:Mandbular fractures.png|Frequency of mandibular fractures by location. }} See also
References{{Gray's}}External links{{Commons category|Condyloid process}}
1 : Bones of the head and neck |
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