| 词条 | Constitution of Sri Lanka | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| document_name= Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka | italic_title= no | image= Page 1 1978 constitution SL.png | image_width= 230px | image_caption= Page one of the 1978 Constitution | date_created= | date_ratified= 31 August 1978 | date_effective= {{Start date and age|df=yes|1978|09|7}} | location_of_document= | writer= 8th Parliament of Sri Lanka | signers= | purpose= To replace the Sri Lankan Constitution of 1972 | amendments= 19 }}{{Politics of Sri Lanka}} The Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ({{lang-si|ශ්රී ලංකා ආණ්ඩුක්රම ව්යවස්ථාව|Śrī Laṃkā āndukrama vyavasthāva}}, {{lang-ta|இலங்கை அரசியலமைப்பின்|Ilaṅkai araciyalamaippiṉ}}) has been the constitution of the island nation of Sri Lanka since its original promulgation by the National State Assembly on 7 September 1978. {{As of|May 2015}} it has been formally amended 19 times. It is Sri Lanka's second republican constitution, replacing the Sri Lankan Constitution of 1972, its third constitution since the country received autonomy within the British Commonwealth as the Dominion of Ceylon in 1948, and its fourth constitution overall. Former constitutions of Sri Lanka
Under the Soulbury Constitution which consisted of The Ceylon Independence Act, 1947 and The Ceylon (Constitution and Independence) Orders in Council 1947, Sri Lanka was then known as Ceylon.[1] The Soulbury Constitution provided a parliamentary form of Government for Ceylon and for a Judicial Service Commission and a Public Service Commission. Minority rights were safeguarded by Article 29(2) of the Constitution. The Governor-General (The Representative of the Monarch of Ceylon who was also the Monarch of the United Kingdom ), the Senate and the House of Representatives exercised legislative power. The House of Representatives consisted of 101 Members, of which 95 were elected by universal suffrage and 6 were nominated by the Governor-General. That total number was increased to 151 by the 1959 Delimitation Commission and the term of the House was 5 years[2] The S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike Government set up a Joint Select Committee of the Senate and the House of Representatives to consider a revision of the Constitution on 10 January 1958 but the Committee was unable to come to a final conclusion on account of the propagation of Parliament on 23 May 1959.[3] A similar attempt by the Dudley Senanayake Government was failed due to such a propagation on 22 June 1968 too.[4] The Senate consisted of 30 Members (elected 15 by the House and 15 by the Governor -General) was abolished on 2 October 1971. Amendments
Background to the 1978 ConstitutionBefore the 1977 general election the UNP had sought a mandate from the people to adopt a new constitution. Accordingly, a select committee was appointed to consider the revision of the existing Constitution. The new Constitution, promulgated on 7 September 1978, provided for a unicameral parliament and an Executive President. The term of office of the president and the duration of parliament were both set at six years. The new Constitution also introduced a form of multi-member proportional representation for elections to parliament, which was to consist of 196 members (subsequently increased to 225 by the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution). The Constitution provided for an independent judiciary and guaranteed fundamental rights, providing for any aggrieved person to invoke the Supreme Court for any violation of his or her fundamental rights. The Constitution also provided for a Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration (Ombudsman) who could investigate public grievances against government institutions and state officers and give redress. It also introduced anti-defection laws, and referendums on certain bills and on issues of national importance. Provisions for amendmentMost provisions of the Constitution of Sri Lanka can be amended by a two-thirds majority in parliament. However, the amendment of certain basic features such as the clauses on language, religion, and reference to Sri Lanka as a unitary state require both a two-thirds majority and approval at a nationwide referendum. Amendments to date
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Soulbury Commission|url=http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/555231/Soulbury-Commission}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=1.3 The Consolidation of British Power in Sri Lanka |url=http://www.edupub.gov.lk/Administrator/English/11/fvb/Chapter%2001%20P-III.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170529/http://www.edupub.gov.lk/Administrator/English/11/fvb/Chapter%2001%20P-III.pdf |archivedate=2014-12-04 |df= }} 3. ^{{cite web|title=An Insider's Perspective - The Sri Lankan Republic at 40|url=http://republicat40.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Reflections-on-the-Making-and-Content-of-the-1972-Constitution1.pdf}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Asia Times: Sri Lanka: The Untold Story|url=http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DA05Df05.html}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Ceylon Constitution Order in Council 1946|url=http://tamilnation.co/srilankalaws/46constitution.htm}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Sirimavo Bandaranaike: First woman premier|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/964914.stm}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=The 1972 Republican Constitution in the Postcolonial Constitutional Evolution of Sri Lanka|url=http://republicat40.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/The-1972-Republican-Constitution-in-the-Postcolonial-Constitutional-Evolution-of-Sri-Lanka.pdf}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Constitutional history of Sri Lanka|url=http://www.constitutionnet.org/country/constitutional-history-sri-lanka}} 9. ^http://dailynews.lk/2017/08/25/local/126313/parliament-adjourned-due-contention-over-20th-amendment External links{{wikisource|Constitution of Sri Lanka}}
3 : Government of Sri Lanka|Sri Lankan law|Constitutions of Sri Lanka |
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