| 词条 | Cook Island Aquatic Reserve |
| 释义 |
| name = Cook Island Aquatic Reserve | iucn_category = | iucn_ref = | photo = | photo_caption = | map = | map_image = | map_size = | map_caption = | relief = | location = Tweed Heads, New South Wales, Australia | nearest_city = | nearest_town = | coordinates = | coords_ref = | length = | length_mi = | length_km = | width = | width_mi = | width_km = | area_km2 = 0.046 | area_ref = | elevation = | elevation_avg = | elevation_min = | elevation_max = | dimensions = | designation = | authorized = | created = | designated = | established = | named_for = | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | visitation_ref = | governing_body = | administrator = | operator = | owner = | website = | embedded = }} Cook Island Aquatic Reserve is a marine protected area located in the South Pacific Ocean, located {{convert|600|m|ft}} from the Fingal Head mainland of New South Wales. The island was discovered by English explorers in 1770, and has since been visited only sporadically. It is noted as a breeding site for seabirds and, the surrounding marine, for hosting diverse fauna. HistoryThe first recorded European sighting of Cook Island was made by the English navigator James Cook, who sighted the coast of Fingal Head in 1770.[1] Cook charted the coastline of the island, but made no attempt at settlement.[2] Cook then continued sailing north along the eastern coast of Australia and named two nearby landmarks, Mount Warning and Point Danger, after he was nearly shipwrecked there.[1][2] In 1823, English explorer John Oxley anchored at the island to take refuge from southerly winds. Two crew members then visited the island and named it Turtle Island, after finding sea turtles and an unidentified shipwreck.[3][4] Five years later, British admiral Henry John Rous surveyed the Tweed River and named the island, Cook's Isle, the name that has persisted.[1][5] Australian spearfisher Ben Cropp reported the sighting of a European vessel, wrecked on the island in the 16th century.[6] In 2008, two fishermen, Joel Coombs and Malcolm Anable, were rescued from nearby the island, and later hospitalised, after they were thrown overboard as a result of their boat overturning.[7][8] Since 1998, the island has been managed by the New South Wales Department of Environment and Climate Change and since 2004, by the Department of Primary Industries, as well.[9][10] It is under the jurisdiction of the Tweed Shire Council, who hold annual clean-up events.[9] Flora and fauna{{panorama| image = File:Cookpanorama.png | height = 150 | caption = Panorama of Cook Island, in 2009, from Fingal Head | alt = }} Cook Island is a breeding site for a number of species of seabirds, most notably terns and shearwaters.[1] The surrounding marine area hosts diverse fauna and has been noted by Tweed Shire Council's Coast and Waterways Officer, Tom Alletson as an important habitat of sharks.[11] The marine surrounding Cook Island contains a wide variety of fish species, anemonefish, bullseyes, groupers, leatherjackers, parrotfish, pufferfish, surgeonfish, sweetlips and trevally. The island's marine also has a mass of additional species, including brittle stars, flatworms, shrimps and nudibranchs. The marine is frequented by migratory shark species, blind sharks (Brachaelurus waddi), leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) and wobbegongs. Other native animals include crustaceans, green turtles, jellyfish, molluscs and stingrays.[1][9][12] References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |first=|last=|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/new-south-wales/fingal-head/2005/02/17/1108500193540.html|title=Fingal Head|date=8 February 2004|work=The Age|publisher=Fairfax Media|accessdate=10 July 2009 | location=Melbourne}} 2. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Cook|first=James|authorlink=James Cook|title=The Endeavour Journal |publisher=National Library of Australia|date=16 May 1770|url=http://www.nla.gov.au/collect/treasures/mar_treasure.html|accessdate=10 July 2009}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last=Oxley|first=John Joseph William Molesworth|authorlink=John Oxley|title=|date=31 October 1823|work=Item 2/8093|publisher=State Records Authority of New South Wales}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Field|first=Barron|authorlink=Barron Field (author)|title=Geographical memoirs on New South Wales|year=1825|publisher=J. Murray|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7kBAAAAYAAJ&dq=Barron+Field%E2%80%99s+Geographical+Memoirs&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=10 July 2009}} 5. ^{{cite web|first=Louise|last=Daley|title=Rous, Henry John (1795 - 1877)|publisher=Australian National University|work=Australian Dictionary of Biography|url=http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A020355b.htm|accessdate=10 July 2009}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Cropp|first=Ben|authorlink=Ben Cropp|title=Shark Hunters|year=1964|publisher=Rigby Ltd|location=Adelaide, South Australia}} 7. ^{{cite news |first=|last=|url=http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,,24514602-5003402,00.html|title=Tweed River fishermen rescued after boat flips|date=18 October 2008|work=The Courier-Mail|publisher=News Corporation|accessdate=10 July 2009}} {{Dead link|date=August 2010|bot=RjwilmsiBot}} 8. ^{{cite news |first=|last=|url=http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,,24515218-3102,00.html|title=Men clung to boat for hours|date=18 October 2008|work=The Courier-Mail|publisher=News Corporation|accessdate=10 July 2009}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/media/DecMedia08100302.htm|title=Marine debris clean-up at Cook Island Aquatic Reserve|date=3 October 2008|publisher=New South Wales Department of Environment and Climate Change|accessdate=10 July 2009}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/fisheries/info/closures/location/cook-island|title=Cook Island|date=2 July 2004|publisher=New South Wales Department of Primary Industries|accessdate=10 July 2009}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.tweed.nsw.gov.au/LinkWeb/pdfs/issue403.pdf|title=Tweed Link - Issue #403|date=22 February 2005|publisher=Tweed Shire Council|format=PDF|issn=1327-8630|accessdate=10 July 2009}} 12. ^{{cite book|last1=Coleman|first1=Neville|last2=Marsh|first2=Nigel|editor1-last=Ritchie|editor1-first=Rod|editor2-last=Walkden|editor2-first=Julia|title=Diving Australia: A Guide to the Best Diving Down Under|year=2003|edition=2nd|page=122|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PkfjhkmkkA0C&printsec=frontcover|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|isbn=962-593-311-5|accessdate=18 July 2009}} External links
4 : Uninhabited islands of Australia|Tweed Heads, New South Wales|Tweed Shire|Marine protected areas of New South Wales |
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