| 词条 | Copaifera langsdorffii |
| 释义 |
|name = Diesel tree |image = Copaicaaclimacao.JPG |image_caption = Copaifera langsdorfii in a park in São Paulo Brazil. |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Rosids |ordo = Fabales |familia = Fabaceae |genus = Copaifera |species = C. langsdorffii |binomial = Copaifera langsdorffii |binomial_authority = Desf. |}} Copaifera langsdorffii, also known as the diesel tree, is a tropical rainforest tree. It has many names in local languages, including kupa'y, cabismo, and copaúva.[1]{{Rp|5}} Biological descriptionC. langsdorffii is a medium-sized to large tree usually reaching {{convert|12|m|abbr=on}} in height, with white flowers and small, oily fruits. The wood is light due to its porosity, and it is honeycombed with capillaries filled with oil. Tapping the tree involves cutting a well into which the oil seeps and where it can be easily collected. The tree does not grow well outside of the tropics.[1]{{Rp|8}} UsesBiodiesel useThe diesel tree produces terpene hydrocarbons in its wood and leaves, and this had led to interest in the search for sources of renewable energy.[1]{{Rp|10}} According to early cited anecdotal reports, the tree could be tapped for {{Convert|40|L|gal}} of oil, and an acre of 100 mature trees could produce 25 barrels of oil yearly.[1]{{Rp|4}} These reports were carried in 2007 by Australian media after an Australian citizen in Mackay, Queensland imported seeds of the plant in hopes of growing diesel fuel in Australia.[2] However, a 2003 study showed that the actual yields of oleoresin are considerably lower: small trees, with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 35 centimeters, produce no oil at all; and medium sized trees (DBH between 55–65) produced more oil than large trees (DBH greater than 65). No tree in the study produced more than {{Convert|1|L|gal}} of fuel.[3] A 2006 study by Oliviera et al. agreed with the 2003 study, and further found that the best time to tap the trees was in spring.[1]{{Rp|10}} Summarizing these findings, a report by the Hawaii Department of Agriculture stated: "[C. langsdorffii The main compound in the oil is copaiba (15%), an oleoresin which is useful in the production of oil products such as lacquers and can be used as biodiesel. After filtration, this oil can be used in the engine of a regular diesel automobile.[1]{{Rp|10}} Some natives have been reported to use the fuel for cooking.[1]{{Rp|9}} Wood usesThe wood is highly resistant to natural decay, and as such is used in carpentry where the tree is native.[1]{{Rp|9}} BeekeepingEuropean honey bees are strongly attracted to the tree for its pollen, making it a mainstay of Brazilian apiculture.[1]{{Rp|11}} MedicalNatives in the Amazon use the oil collected from the tree as a traditional medicine: primarily as an expectorant and antiseptic, but also for the treatment of skin diseases such as eczema and dermatosis.[1]{{Rp|9–10}} It has also recently been discovered that this oil is extremely good as a healing agent, therefore increasing the oil's value. References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{Cite book|url=https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/56959/IPA-Diesel-Tree-Risk-Assessment.pdf|title=Invasive weed risk assessment: Diesel tree Copaifera langsdorfii|last=Csurhes|first=Steve|last2=Navie|first2=Sheldon|publisher=Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Government|year=2016|isbn=|location=Queensland, Australia|pages=|access-date=24 December 2017}} 2. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailymercury.com.au/news/apn-seeds-to-fuel-mikes-diesel-tree/74468/|title=Seeds to fuel Mike's diesel tree dream|last=|first=|date=3 January 2007|work=Daily Mercury|access-date=2017-12-24|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en}} 3. ^{{Cite journal|last=Plowden|first=Campbell|date=2003-12-01|title=Production ecology of CopaÍba (Copaifera spp.) oleoresin in the eastern brazilian Amazon|journal=Economic Botany|language=en|volume=57|issue=4|pages=491–501|doi=10.1663/0013-0001(2003)057[0491:PEOCCS]2.0.CO;2|issn=0013-0001}} 4. ^{{Cite book|url=http://archive.jan2013.hawaii.gov/hdoa/Info/biodieselreportrevised.pdf|title=Biodiesel Crop Implementation in Hawaii|last=Poteet|first=Michael D.|publisher=Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, prepared by contract for the State of Hawaii Department of Agriculture|year=2006|isbn=|location=|pages=55–56}} External links
3 : Copaifera|Biodiesel feedstock sources|Flora of South America |
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