1. Characters

2. Series overview
    Colour-coded files 

3. Episodes
    Pilot – A Magnum for Schneider (1967)  Series 1 : 6 episodes (1967)  Series 2 : 15 episodes (1969)  Series 3 : 9 episodes (1970)  Series 4 : 13 episodes (1972)  Reunion TV Movie : Wet Job (1981)  Documentary : This Man Alone (2015) 

4. In other media
    Film – Callan (1974)  Novels  Short story collections  Audio Series 

5. Awards and nominations

6. Music

7. DVD releases
    Callan in the archives  Region 1  Region 2  Region 4 

8. Echoes of Callan
    The Equalizer  La Femme Nikita 

9. References

10. External links

Callan is a British action/drama television series created by James Mitchell, first airing between 1967 and 1972. It starred Edward Woodward as David Callan, an agent of a state secret service dealing with internal security threats to the United Kingdom. Though portrayed as having responsibilities similar to those of the real-life MI5, Callan's fictional "Section" has carte blanche to use the most ruthless of methods. In the storylines interrogation is by means of torture, while extrajudicial killings are so routine they have a colour-coded filing system. With the possible exception of La Femme Nikita, no TV series has ever presented a Western government agency in so sinister a light as Callan.{{cn|date=April 2018}} Despite being an assassin who stays in the socially isolating job because it is the only thing he is good at, Callan is a sympathetic character by comparison to his sadistic upper-class colleagues and implacable superior. The downbeat cover for the Section's headquarters was the scrap metal business of "Charlie Hunter" (a reference to the Richardson Gang). Produced by ABC Weekend Television and Thames Television, the programme proved extremely popular; as well as four series between 1967 and 1972, there was a film in 1974^[1] and a tv movie in 1981.

Characters

Series overview

The series pilot episode aired in February 1967, in an Armchair Theatre play entitled A Magnum for Schneider by James Mitchell. Mitchell was later responsible for creating When the Boat Comes In (1976–81) for the BBC. The haunted character of Callan caught the public's imagination to such an extent that a six-episode series was commissioned and broadcast, later in the same year. A further series of 16 followed, though with both ABC and Associated Rediffusion (broadcasters in the London region) going through the process of merging, by the time the second series was broadcast in 1969 it was attributed to Thames Television (the result of the merger).

Overall, the series was successful in the television ratings, running between 1967 and 1972. The closing episode of the 1969 series saw a severely under-pressure Callan get shot, with a clever publicity campaign following to ensure that viewers cared whether the character lived (he did) or died. The last two series were in colour and proved as popular as ever. A cinema film simply entitled Callan followed in 1974, directed by Don Sharp. Callan was last seen in the 1981 feature-length television story made by ATV, entitled Wet Job. Though less satisfactory than the preceding series, it was a chance for viewers to see the main characters of Callan and Lonely one more time.

Colour-coded files

The Section used a series of colour-coded files to indicate targets of different priorities (with much relevance for the title of the novel "Red File for Callan");

Episodes

The original TV play was screened in 1967, followed by a first series of six episodes, a second series of fifteen episodes, a third series of nine episodes and a fourth series of thirteen episodes (in all, 22 black-and-white and 22 colour episodes).

Pilot – A Magnum for Schneider (1967)

Callan has been retired from an anonymous government agency known as "The Section", run by Colonel Hunter (the name "Hunter" is used as a code name for the current Section Chief, similar to the C of SIS). The Section removes those who pose a danger to the public, using either persuasion, blackmail, extortion or death. David Callan had been the Section's top operative, but had become too curious about his targets and the rationale for their removal. The Section considered him vulnerable, volatile and dangerous, so had laid him off to a dead-end book-keeping job with an ungrateful employer.

The pilot was novelised by its scriptwriter, James Mitchell, who went on to write most of the TV series episodes. The book was published under the title Red File For Callan in the USA, and as A Magnum for Schneider in the UK, the storyline being based around Callan's love for toy soldier war games, an interest shared by his target, Schneider, a Hampstead-based arms dealer.

The pilot, filmed in black-and-white, was later remade in colour as a feature film in 1974, two years after the television series ended.

Series 1 : 6 episodes (1967)

ABC commissioned a first series of six episodes in 1967. In the first episode Callan rejoins the section in an unofficial capacity. The series was characterised by Callan's stand-off, barely-respectful, relationship with his boss, Hunter, who schemed to retain Callan on his side, and would play him off in little divide-and-rule scenarios with or against his fellow agents, in an effort to maintain his control. It was not always apparent that these ploys worked. Callan's underworld contact, Lonely (Russell Hunter), developed into an unofficial sidekick, whose shadowing qualities outshone his sense of personal hygiene, something Meres in particular took joy in pointing out. Lonely remained ignorant of Callan's real work and believed him to be something of a gangland villain.

Series 2 : 15 episodes (1969)

By 1969, ABC Weekend Television had, due to an enforced merger with Rediffusion, become Thames Television. A second series of fifteen episodes, which had already been completed by ABC, was therefore transmitted under the name of the new company. This run ended with "Death of a Hunter", in which the Section chief meets his demise, and Callan is shot – perhaps fatally. It had not been decided whether the show would return for a third series, so this device was used to leave open either the possibility of more stories in the future, or a way of winding-up the show. Two endings were taped, in which Callan either lived or died. In the end, Thames decided to bring the programme back in 1970, this time in colour, for a series consisting of a further nine episodes.

Series 3 : 9 episodes (1970)

The third series, the first in colour, saw Callan still recovering from having been shot and struggling to come to terms with his situation. Interviews with Snell (the Section's doctor) and poor shooting range results portrayed Callan as a barely-functioning human being, whose future with the Section looks to be in serious doubt. If Callan is to be of any use to Hunter, something has to spark him into life. In league with Meres' younger, brasher, edgier and unpredictable replacement, James Cross (played by Patrick Mower), the new Hunter concocts a scenario whereby Callan's energies are incited into real emotions that can be turned against the enemy. The remaining eight episodes see the revitalised yet ever-more world-weary assassin cover more ground, including one episode where love comes unexpectedly into his life, and which has the (expected) unexpected ending.

Series 4 : 13 episodes (1972)

The final set of thirteen episodes was broadcast in 1972. This saw Callan develop further than before. An unsuccessful mission results in Callan being interrogated in a Russian prison, but he is exchanged by the Soviets for one of their agents. Now he is known to them, he has become a liability. What to do with the Section's top agent is solved by promoting him to the position of Hunter – a post he dislikes as much or even more than actually serving under a Hunter. However, this move by his masters has motives, and he is eventually relieved of his duties after an incident in which he re-enters the fray as an agent, which was against the rules. He is replaced as Hunter by his predecessor. The final three episodes form a trilogy based around the defecting Soviet agent Richmond (played by T. P. McKenna), which was sub-titled The Richmond Files.

Reunion TV Movie : Wet Job (1981)

In the 1981 feature-length television story Wet Job, written by Mitchell and produced by ATV (without the original theme music or logo), Callan has become the proprietor of a military memorabilia shop when he is recruited by the new Hunter for one more job. Alas, he has to do this alone: Lonely has become a dapper gent, engaged to be married, and with enough self-confidence to defy Callan's request for help. In the end, Callan completes the task, survives and even ends up with a girlfriend.

Documentary : This Man Alone (2015)

A Callan documentary entitled This Man Alone was released on DVD in November 2015. Narrated by Edward Woodward's son Peter Woodward, it includes contributions from Peter Mitchell, Reginald Collin, Mike Vardy, and James Goddard. Additionally the DVD includes a new transfer of A Magnum for Schneider and The Good Ones Are All Dead, a music-themed tv special The Edward Woodward Hour, and a documentary on James Mitchell, A World of My Own.^[2]

In other media

Film – Callan (1974)

The cinema film was an expanded re-working of James Mitchell's original 1967 tv pilot episode, A Magnum for Schneider. Taking much of its new material from Mitchell's own novelisation of that teleplay, it was based more on the novel than on the original television script. For legal reasons, no mention is made of the pilot teleplay or the TV series. The film's credits mention only the novel as its source, identifying it by the title – Red File for Callan – under which it had been published by Simon & Schuster in the United States in 1969, so as to avoid any reference to the title of the ABC television pilot.

In 1974 Dell reissued the novel in paperback, as Red File for Callan. But despite coinciding with the film's release this edition gave no hint of being a tie-in.

In the film, Callan's boss Hunter is played by Eric Porter, and Meres too is re-cast, this time played by Peter Egan (known at the time as a trendy gangster, from the controversial TV series Big Breadwinner Hog, but now better known for sitcoms such as the BBC's Ever Decreasing Circles). The only recurring actors from the TV series were Edward Woodward as Callan, Russell Hunter as Lonely, and Clifford Rose as Dr Snell (who appears in five of the television episodes from series two, three and four – although in the film, reflecting the screenplay's 1967 origin, it's stated that Callan has never met Snell before).

Novels

• A Magnum for Schneider by James Mitchell – also published as Red File for Callan and Callan – (1969), {{ISBN|0-750-53959-3}}
• Russian Roulette (1973) by James Mitchell, {{ISBN|1-909-61904-3}}
• Death and Bright Water (1974) by James Mitchell, {{ISBN|1-909-61911-6}}
• Smear Job (1975) by James Mitchell, {{ISBN|0-241-89306-2}}
• Bonfire Night (2002) by James Mitchell, {{ISBN|0-727-85878-5}}

Short story collections

There are two short story collections

• Callan Uncovered (2014) all by James Mitchell. Features 25 short stories (24 were written for the Sunday Express, and 1 for the TV Times), as well as a story treatment and the full script of an unfilmed episode, "Goodbye Mary Lee".
• Callan Uncovered 2 (2015) all by James Mitchell. Features 15 short stories (all were written for the Sunday Express), as well as the full script of a 'lost' episode, "Goodness Burns Too Bright".

Audio Series

On 7 December 2017, Big Finish Productions announced plans to release two box sets of Callan audio adventures based on the Sunday Express Short Stories written by James Mitchell. The tales have been adapted by Peter Mitchell, the series creator's son, and will star Ben Miles in the title role, with Frank Skinner as Lonely, Nicholas Briggs as Hunter and Jane Slavin as Liz.^[3]

The stories will be released as Volume One in July 2018^[4] and Volume Two in January 2019^[5].

Awards and nominations

The following is a table listing the awards and nominations received by Callan^[6]

Music

The series' theme tune, "Girl in the Dark" (also known as "This Man Alone"), was a library piece credited to Dutch composer Jan Stoeckart (under the penname "Jack Trombey", one of several aliases he used), issued by De Wolfe Music.^[7]

However, an edition of Billboard newspaper dated 15 November 1975^[8] reported on the conclusion of a seven-year copyright case brought in 1968 by Mood Music (a subsidiary of the Sparta-Florida Music Group), who claimed that Girl in the Dark was "sufficiently similar" to an Italian song, Sogno Nostalgico, as to be an infringement of copyright. That song was claimed to have been composed in 1963, with records of it released in Italy in 1964 which were made available from Mood Music's library in 1965. But Mood proved oddly reluctant to push the case to a trial.

The accuracy of their claim may be judged from the fact that Mood also claimed, incorrectly, that Sogno Nostalgico was used as the theme for the British television series The Rat Catchers, a piece of music which has always been credited to UK composer Johnny Pearson.^[9]

De Wolfe maintained that Girl in the Dark, the work of Dutch composer Jan Stoeckart in 1960, had been submitted to other people before the copyright was assigned to them in 1966 (i.e. including a period before Sogno Nostalgico had been composed). A settlement was reached in 1975 once it became clear – from the 1974 feature film – that Callan was no longer using the piece, so that royalties had dried up. Copyright in it was vested by agreement in Mood Music in 1975, together with future royalties (but Callan never used it again), with De Wolfe retaining the majority of the royalties earned up to that point.

Due to the ongoing legal action, the 1974 feature film conspicuously did not use the composition Girl in the Dark, and the terms of the settlement of the case in 1975 led to its also not being used in ATV's 1981 reunion tv movie.

Incidental music was not a feature of the Callan television series, except in "A Magnum for Schneider" where "Girl in the Dark" was repeatedly played in scenes in which Callan set to work.

DVD releases

Callan in the archives

The Armchair Theatre play from 1967 exists as a 16mm film recording of the original 405-line black-and-white television broadcast.

The 21 episodes of series 1 and 2 were recorded on black-and-white videotape, with filmed inserts; but several of these episodes have been lost or wiped. The surviving episodes from Series 1 still exist as 405-line tapes, and those episodes featured on the 2015 DVD A Man Alone had proper electronic conversions to 625-line video, but the episodes have previously had poor quality optical conversions by merely pointing a 625-line electronic camera at a monitor displaying the original 405-line recording. The surviving Series 2 episodes also exist on 405-line videotapes, but for DVD these were electronically (as opposed to optically) converted. In the case of "The Worst Soldier I Ever Saw", Network's DVD cover blurb states that the episode only survives as an unedited studio block, which had to be edited into its proper sequence for the DVD release.

All of the colour episodes exist, and the 1970 series was released on DVD in the UK in 2001. The episodes were edited to remove captions which would have led into the commercial breaks in the original transmission. This resulted in some awkward visual and audio jump cuts. The subsequent British DVD releases all retain the commercial break captions. The 1974 feature film was released on DVD separately.

Both the 1970 and 1972 series have had Region 4 DVD releases by Umbrella Entertainment. The 1972 series DVD also includes the feature film.

The separate DVD release of the 1974 feature film includes an interview, recorded in 2000, with Edward Woodward.

Region 1

Acorn Media released Callan - Set 1 on 7 July 2009 which includes all 9 episodes from series 3. On 26 January 2010, Callan - Set 2 was released featuring all 13 episodes from series 4. It has not been decided whether further series will be released to DVD in Region 1.^[10]

Region 2

Clear Vision Video released three DVDs subtitled "Series 1 Parts 1 – 3 of 3", also available in a box titled Callan – The Complete Series One, in 2001. In fact these DVDs comprise the nine episodes of Series 3 aired in 1970, the first colour series, although the back covers incorrectly claim that "This edition comes from the first series that was ever shown on Thames Television" (ABC had aired the complete first series before changing its name in the 1968 ITV franchise round; then, renamed Thames, it had shown the second series in 1969).

Prism Leisure released the cinema film as Callan – The Movie on Region 0 PAL in 2001. The DVD also includes an interview with Edward Woodward.

Network DVD released Callan – The Monochrome Years on 22 February 2010.^[11] This four DVD set includes the Armchair Theatre pilot play, 'A Magnum For Schnieder', plus the surviving 2 episodes of the first series (out of the original 6), and the surviving 9 episodes of the second series (out of the original 15). Network also released Callan – The Colour Years in 2010. Callan – Wet Job was then released by Network in 2011. Network were due to release the complete series, containing all the surviving episodes, The Definitive Collection, the following year, but this did not happen; and eventually, in 2015, the special features announced for the set began to be released individually.^[12] This suggests the collection has been abandoned.

Region 4

Umbrella Entertainment released the third and fourth series on DVD in Australia in 2007.

Echoes of Callan

The Equalizer

In the 1980s, Woodward starred in the American series The Equalizer, playing a conscience-stricken former secret agent who becomes a protector of people in need, yet finds himself being called back into service by his former employers from time to time.

Unlike the speculation that John Drake of Danger Man is also Number Six of The Prisoner, it is clear that Robert McCall (dubbed the "Equalizer" by a fellow operative) is not related in any way to Callan – although studio publicity for the series (and, in the UK, ITV's TV Times magazine) sought to maximise the connection.

Although the characters do share some similarities, McCall had retired from an American intelligence agency whereas Callan had been terminated from a British one; and other backstory elements (including a failed marriage, and a son – played by William Zabka – in his early 20s) eliminated any possibility that Callan has become McCall. The series also entirely lacks the gritty realism of Callan. That said, there {{em|are}} clear echoes of David Callan in Woodward's portrayal of McCall, such as an early episode where a female character encounters McCall in emotional distress after having to kill a group of muggers and realising that killing is all he is good at doing (a plot point which also exists in "A Magnum for Schneider" and the 1974 Callan feature film). McCall and Callan also share eclectic leisure interests away from their work.

La Femme Nikita

Another TV series featuring Edward Woodward was La Femme Nikita, starring Peta Wilson, made at the end of the 1990s and inspired by the French film of the same name (not the remakes).

Framed for murder and forced into joining Section One, she displays all of the reluctance to kill shown by Callan, and a need to know why. In a strange reprise of David Callan, Edward Woodward enters the final series as the head of Center, known as "Mr Jones", who turns out to be Nikita's father.

References

External links

• British Film Institute Screen Online
• Callan information on Digital Tapestries
• {{IMDb title|id=0061940|title= A Magnum for Schneider}}
• {{IMDb title|id=0061238|title=Callan Series}}
• {{IMDb title|id=0071270|title=Callan movie}}
• {{IMDb title|id=0083321|title=Wet Job}}

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