| 词条 | Corporate republic |
| 释义 |
A corporate republic is a theoretical form of government run primarily like a business, involving a board of directors and executives, in which all aspects of society are privatized by a single, or small groups of companies. The ultimate goal of this state is to increase the wealth of its shareholders, and the government acknowledges its status as a corporation. Utilities, including hospitals, schools, the military, and the police force, would be privatized. The social welfare function carried out by the state is instead carried out by corporations in the form of pensions and benefits to employees. Corporate republics do not exist officially in the modern history. Modern competition laws and the development of modern nation-states help prevent such a company from gaining or being granted that amount of political power. Historical states, such as post-classical Florence and the East India Company, might be said to have been governed as corporate republics. Political scientists have also considered state socialist nations (criticised as state capitalist) to be forms of corporate republics, with the state assuming full control of all economic and political life and establishing a monopoly on everything within national boundaries - effectively making the state itself equatable to a giant corporation.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}} Corporate republics are used in works of science fiction or political commentary as a warning of the perceived dangers of capitalism. In such works, they usually arise when one or more vastly powerful corporations depose a government either over an extended time period via regulatory capture or swiftly in a coup d'état. ExamplesSee also: List of chartered companiesThe typical examples of corporate republics throughout history are typically the imperial East India Companies and other such chartered companies during the early modern era, such as the VOC, or the Honorable East India Company. Lesser known examples are the predecessor to the Congo Free State, the International Association of the Congo, the British South Africa Company, and the Langfang Republic The Republic of FlorenceSee also: The Florentine RepublicThe maritime city-state of Florence in northwestern Italy is argued to be a corporate republic due to two factors. Like most of the merchant republics of Italy, Florence's social and economic life is dominated by vast guilds that regulate and control key industries in the city. But the key difference between Florence and other republics like Venice is that the city is administered by a council referred to as the Signoria of Florence, whose members are restricted to the members of the seven major guilds of Florence. But due the rigging of the Signoria electoral lottery system, members are typically those of influential families[1], making the republic an aristocracy. This was exacerbated by the legal restriction that elective offices are restricted to the family members of previous holders[2], which heralded the rise of the Medici's as a dynasty, legitimized by the 1533 ducal crowning of Alessandro de Medici, bringing the end of the Republic. The British East India Company in India{{See also|Company rule in India|l1=Company Rule in India}}Starting in 1757 after the Battle of Plassey, the Company under Major-General Robert Clive was able to enthrone a puppet ruler in Bengal and was awarded the diwani, the right to collect revenue in Bengal and Bihar. Under subsequent Governor-Generals and their Presidency Armies, the Company was able to establish indirect British Rule in the Indian subcontinent until the revolt by the Sepoys (native Indian mercenaries) in 1857 forced the British Government to establish direct colonial rule in India. The VOC Empire{{See also|Dutch East India Company}}The other classic example of a corporatocracy, the Dutch East India Company (aka, the VOC) was chartered by the Dutch Republic in order to monopolize trade in the East Indies and ensure the collective prosperity of the Republic. With the powers to conclude treaties, wage wars, imprison and execute convicts,[3] strike its own coins, and establish colonies,[4] the VOC created a vast corporate empire that set the standards for future transnational corporations. In popular culture{{in popular culture|date=February 2019}}
See also
References1. ^{{Citation|title=Republic of Florence|date=2019-01-28|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Florence&oldid=880641845|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2019-02-20}} 2. ^{{Citation|title=Republic of Florence|date=2019-01-28|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Florence&oldid=880641845|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2019-02-20}} 3. ^{{Cite journal|last=Pressley-Sanon|first=Toni|date=April 2014|title=Young Nic and Kennedy Joe, dirs. Slave Ship Mutiny. 2010. 60 minutes. English. U.S. PBS. $24.99.|journal=African Studies Review|volume=57|issue=1|pages=253–255|doi=10.1017/asr.2014.37|issn=0002-0206}} 4. ^{{Citation|last=Gascoigne|first=John|chapter=The Globe Encompassed: France and Pacific Convergences in the Age of the Enlightenment|date=2013-09-01|pages=17–40|publisher=University of Adelaide Press|isbn=9781922064523|doi=10.20851/discovery-01|title=Discovery and Empire: The French in the South Seas}} 5. ^{{ISBN|978-0-349-11762-1}}
2 : Forms of government|Republicanism |
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