| 词条 | Cosmo Duff-Gordon |
| 释义 |
| name = Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon, Bt | image = CosmoDuffGordon.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1862|7|22|df=y}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{death date and age|1931|4|20|1862|7|22|df=y}} | death_place = South Kensington, London | occupation = Fencer, Landowner | spouse = Lucy Duff-Gordon | parents = Cosmo Lewis Duff Gordon Anna Maria Antrobus | known for = Survivor of the RMS Titanic disaster Olympic silver medalist | signature = CosmoDuffGordonSignature.png }}{{MedalTableTop}}{{MedalSport | Men's fencing }}{{MedalCountry | {{GBR2}} }}{{MedalCompetition | Intercalated Games }}[1]{{MedalSilver | 1906 Athens | Team épée }}{{MedalBottom}} Sir Cosmo Edmund Duff-Gordon, 5th Baronet DL (22 July 1862 – 20 April 1931) was a prominent Scottish landowner and sportsman, best known for the controversy surrounding his escape from the sinking of the RMS Titanic. Early lifeThe son of the Honourable Cosmo Lewis Duff-Gordon and the former Anna Maria Antrobus, Cosmo Duff-Gordon was the 5th Baronet of Halkin, his title stemming from a royal licence conferred on his great uncle in 1813 in recognition of his aid to the Crown during the Peninsular War. In 1772 his family had founded the Duff-Gordon sherry bodega in Spain, which still produces high-quality fortified wines.{{efn|Duff's heirs sold their share to the family of co-founder Thomas Osborne Mann, and 'Duff Gordon' was rebranded 'Osborne', as it remains today.[2]}} In 1900, Duff-Gordon married the celebrated London fashion designer "Madame Lucile" (née Lucy Christiana Sutherland, then Mrs. James Stuart Wallace). This was a slightly risqué union, as Lucy was a divorcee whose sister, Elinor Glyn, was a notorious romance novelist. As a sportsman, Duff-Gordon was most noted as a fencer, representing Great Britain at the 1906 Intercalated Games, winning silver in the team épée event.[3] King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra were among distinguished spectators at one of the final bouts between Sir Cosmo and his German opponent Herr G. Casimir.[4] Duff-Gordon served on the organizing committee at the 1908 Summer Olympics, appointed by Lord Desborough, chairman of the British Olympic Association.[5] He was also a self-defence enthusiast who trained with champion Swiss wrestler Armand Cherpillod at the Bartitsu Club in London's Soho district.[6] was a co-founder of the London Fencing League, a member of the Bath Club and the Royal Automobile Club. He was also a sheriff and magistrate in his native Kincardineshire, near Aberdeen, where his ancestral country estate Maryculter was located. Titanic voyageSir Cosmo Duff-Gordon is best known for the circumstances in which he survived the sinking of the RMS Titanic in 1912, along with his wife and her secretary, Laura Mabel Francatelli. The three were among only 12 people who escaped in Lifeboat #1, which had a capacity of 40. The ladies had earlier turned down places in two other lifeboats for women and children because Lady Duff-Gordon refused to be separated from her husband. Criticism after the disaster claimed Sir Cosmo boarded the lifeboat in violation of the "women and children first" policy and that, once the craft was afloat, he bribed its crew not to return to rescue people struggling in the water. Duff-Gordon denied the allegation that he disobeyed orders, maintaining there had been no women or children in the immediate vicinity when his boat was launched. (There is additional confirmation from other witnesses that First Officer William Murdoch allowed Sir Cosmo a place in the boat so he could join his wife.[7]) Moreover, Sir Cosmo denied his offer of money to the lifeboat's crew was a bribe, and the British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster accepted his explanation that it was a charitable contribution for crew members who had lost not only their possessions but their jobs. The inquiry nonetheless concluded that, if the lifeboat had returned to the wreck site, it might have been able to rescue others. Regarding the bribery allegation the report stated: The very gross charge against Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon that, having got into No. 1 boat he bribed the men in it to row away from the drowning people, is unfounded.[8] Later life and legacySir Cosmo Duff-Gordon continued in his social and sporting interests in Scotland and later in London, where he lived at 5, Alfred Place, South Kensington.[9] He was estranged from his wife from 1915 until his death, although they never divorced and remained friends.[10] He died 20 April 1931 of natural causes and is buried at Brookwood Cemetery, Woking, Surrey.[11] Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon were portrayed by the actors Martin Jarvis and Rosalind Ayres, themselves a married couple, in the 1997 film Titanic. In the 2012 ITV mini-series Titanic the couple was portrayed by Simon Paisley Day and Sylvestra Le Touzel. In 2012 a box of documents and letters concerning the Titanic sinking belonging to the Duff-Gordons was rediscovered at the London office of Veale Wasbrough Vizards, the legal firm that merged with Tweedies, who represented the couple. Amongst the papers was a rebuttal of the evidence given against them at the Board of Trade inquiry, and an inventory of Lady Duff-Gordon's possessions that were lost, the total value listed as £3,208 3s 6d. In one letter Sir Cosmo complains: "There seems to be a feeling of resentment against any English man being saved....The whole pleasure of having been saved is quite spoilt by the venomous attacks they made at first in the papers. This, I suppose, was because I refused to see any reporter."[12] Despite the official vindication by the Board of Trade inquiry, public suspicion that the Duff-Gordons had acted selfishly tainted the couple for the remainder of their lives. See also
References
1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/du/cosmo-duff-gordon-1.html |title=Cosmo Duff Gordon Olympic Results |accessdate=24 December 2010 |work=sports-reference.com}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=The Origins of Osborne, living history of sherry wine|url=http://www.foodswinesfromspain.com/spanishfoodwine/global/products-recipes/products/more-about-products/features-the-origins-of-osborne-living-history-of-sherrywine.html|website=www.foodswinesfromspain.com|accessdate=3 September 2016}} 3. ^Bystander, 4 April 1906, p. 13; Encyclopædia Britannica (1911), Vol. 9, p. 668. 4. ^Bystander, 9 May 1906, p. 169. 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.historytoday.com/stephen-halliday/london%E2%80%99s-olympics-1908|title=London’s Olympics, 1908 - History Today|website=www.historytoday.com}} 6. ^Vaucher, Abel: Cherpillod, Armand, "La vie d'un champion: Cours de culture physique et de jiu-jitsiu", Lausanne, France, éditions "civis", 1933 7. ^{{cite news| title =Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' | work =telegraph.co.uk | publisher =Telegraph Media Group | url =https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml | accessdate =5 May 2007 | location=London | first=Nigel | last=Reynolds | date=2 May 2007}} 8. ^British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report. "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Accessed on 3 February 2014, at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-02-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archivedate=3 January 2014 |df=dmy-all }} 9. ^Tatler, 2 July 1930, p. 30; Walter Lord, The Night Lives On (1986), p 219. 10. ^Randy Bryan Bigham, Lucile – Her Life by Design (2012), pp. 74-75, 223. 11. ^{{cite web| title =Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon | work =Necropolis Notables | publisher =The Brook wood Cemetery Society | URL =http://www.tbcs.org.uk/duff_Gordon |accessdate=23 February 2007 }} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9202821/Titanic-survivors-vindicated-at-last.html|title=Titanic survivors vindicated at last|website=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=2016-04-16}} External links
| title = Baronet (of Halkin) | before = Maurice Duff-Gordon | after = Henry William Duff-Gordon | years = 1896–1931 }}{{S-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Duff-Gordon, Cosmo}} 12 : 1862 births|1931 deaths|RMS Titanic's crew and passengers|Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom|Scottish male fencers|Fencers at the 1906 Intercalated Games|Burials at Brookwood Cemetery|People educated at Eton College|Deputy Lieutenants of Kincardineshire|Scottish landowners|RMS Titanic survivors|Medalists at the 1906 Intercalated Games |
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