| 词条 | Calvatia |
| 释义 |
| image = Calvatia craniiformis.JPG | image_width = 240px | image_caption = Calvatia craniiformis | regnum = Fungi | divisio = Basidiomycota | classis = Agaricomycetes | ordo = Agaricales | familia = Agaricaceae | genus = Calvatia | genus_authority = Fr. (1849) | type_species = Calvatia craniiformis | type_species_authority = (Schwein.) Fr. (1849) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = | synonyms_ref = [1] | synonyms =
}} Calvatia is a genus of puffball mushrooms that includes the spectacular giant puffball C. gigantea. It was formerly classified within the now-obsolete order Lycoperdales, which, following a restructuring of fungal taxonomy brought about by molecular phylogeny, has been split; the puffballs, Calvatia spp. are now placed in the family Agaricaceae of the order Agaricales. Most species in the genus Calvatia are edible when young, though some are best avoided, such as Calvatia fumosa, which has a very pungent odor. The name Calvatia derives from the Latin calvus meaning "bald" and calvaria, meaning "dome of the skull". TaxonomyCalvatia was circumscribed by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in 1849. Fries included a single species in the genus, Calvatia craniiformis, which was originally described as Bovista craniiformis by Lewis David de Schweinitz in 1832.[5]Species{{As of|2015|February}}, Index Fungorum lists 58 species of Calvatia.[1]{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
See also
References1. ^{{cite web |author=Kirk PM |title=Species Fungorum (version 15th February 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life |url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/20915520 |accessdate=2015-02-18}} {{open access}}[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]2. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=Alves CR, Cortez VG |title=Calvatia guzmanii sp. nov. (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota) from Paraná State, Brazil |journal=Phytotaxa |year=2013 |volume=85 |issue=2 |pages=35–40 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.85.2.1 |url=http://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.85.2.1}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=Calonge FD, Mata M, Carranza J |title=Calvatia sporocristata sp. nov. (Gasteromycetes) from Costa Rica |journal=Revista de Biologia Tropical |year=2003 |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=79–84 |pmid=15162683 |url=http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-77442003000100006}} {{open access}} 4. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Ferdinandsen C. |title=Fungi terrestres from NE-Greenland (N of 76° N. Lat.) collected by the "Danmark Expedition" |journal=Meddelelser om Grønland |year=1910 |volume=43 |pages=137–145}} 5. ^1 {{cite book |author=Fries EM |title=Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae |year=1849 |volume=2 |publisher=Typographia Academica |location=Uppsala, Sweden |page=442 |language=Latin |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32637063}} 6. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Fries TCE |title=Zur Kenntnis der Gasteromyceten-Flora in Torne Lappmark |journal=Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift |year=1914 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=235–243 |language=German}} 7. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=Kasuya T, Retnowati A |title=New or noteworthy species of the genus Calvatia Fr. (Basidiomycota) with probable medicinal value from Indonesia |journal=International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms |year=2006 |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=283–8 |doi=10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v8.i3.100}} 8. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=Khalid AN, Iqbal SH |title=Calvatia ahmadii sp.nov., from Pakistan |journal=Pakistan Journal of Botany |year=2004 |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=669–71 |url=http://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/36%283%29/PJB36%283%29669.pdf |format=PDF}} 9. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Kreisel H. |title=Studies in the Calvatia complex (Basidiomycetes) |journal=Nova Hedwigia |year=1989 |volume=48 |pages=281–96}} 10. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=Ito S, Imai S |title=Fungi of the Bonin Islands. III |journal=Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society |year=1939 |volume=16 |pages=9–20}} 11. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |author=Lange M. |title=Arctic Gasteromycetes. II. Calvatia in Greenland, Svalbard, Arctic Ocean and Iceland |journal=Nordic Journal of Botany |year=1990 |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=525–46 |doi=10.1111/j.1756-1051.1990.tb00545.x}} 12. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Lloyd CG |title=The genera of Gasteromycetes |journal=Mycological Notes |issue=7 |pages=1–24 (see p. 11)}} 13. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Montagne JPFC |title=Troisième Centurie de plantes cellulaires exotiques nouvelles, Décades I, II, III et IV. Fungi cubenses |journal=Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique |volume=17 |pages=119–28 |issue=II |language=French}} 14. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Patouillard NT |title=Quelques Champignons de la Guinee Française |journal=Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France |year=1912 |volume=28 |pages=31–37 |language=French}} 15. ^1 {{cite book |author=Rafinesque-Schmaltz CS. |title=Précis des découvertes et travaux somiologiques de Mr. C. S. Rafinesque-Schmaltz entre 1800 et 1814, ou choix raisonné de ses principales découvertes en zoologie et en botanique pour servir d'introduction a ses ouvrages futurs |year=1821 |publisher=Palermo |page=52 |language=French}} 16. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=Suarez VL, Wright JE, Calonge FD |title=Calvatia oblongispora sp. nov. from Brazil, with close affinities to Calvatia sporocristata from Costa Rica |journal=Mycotaxon |year=2009 |volume=108 |pages=323–7 |doi=10.5248/108.323}} 17. ^1 {{cite web |title=Synonymy: Calvatia Fr. |url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=19051 |publisher=Species Fungorum. CAB International |accessdate=2015-02-18}} }} External links{{Commons category|Calvatia}}{{Wikispecies}}
3 : Agaricaceae|Agaricales genera|Puffballs |
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