| 词条 | Counselor to the President | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|post = Counselor to the President |insignia = US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg |insigniasize = 175px |insigniacaption = |image = |incumbent = Kellyanne Conway and Johnny DeStefano |incumbentsince = January 20, 2017 and February 6, 2018 |department = Executive Office of the President White House Office |appointer = Donald Trump |appointer_qualified = as President of the United States |formation = {{Start date and years ago|1969|01|20|mf=y}} |first = Arthur F. Burns |website = The White House }} Counselor to the President is a title used by high-ranking political advisors to the President of the United States and senior members of the White House Office. The current office-holders are Kellyanne Conway and Johnny DeStefano. It should not be confused with the office of White House Counsel, who is the chief legal advisor to the President and the White House, which is also an appointed position. HistoryThe position was created during the administration of Richard Nixon, where it was assigned Cabinet rank. The position would be considered at cabinet level until 1993.[1] During Nixon's presidency, no fewer than eight individuals held the position, with there sometimes being two or three "Counselors to the President". During the presidency of Gerald Ford, the post was shared by Robert T. Hartmann and John O. Marsh, with Rogers Morton briefly joining them in early 1976. The position was vacant during the Jimmy Carter administration, as Carter left many senior White House positions unfilled (such as White House Chief of Staff) and preferred a smaller corps of advisers.[2] Edwin Meese held the position during the first term of President Ronald Reagan, and was highly influential inside the White House. Meese, White House Chief of Staff James Baker and Deputy White House Chief of Staff Michael Deaver were nicknamed "The Troika" and considered the most influential advisors to the president.[3]Meese became Attorney General during Reagan's second term as president and the position was left vacant. The position was left vacant in the first three years of President George H.W. Bush's term. In 1992 it was filled by Clayton Yeutter after he resigned as chairman of the Republican National Committee. During the Bill Clinton administration, the post became much more focused on communications. Two of Clinton's counselors, David Gergen and Paul Begala, later became CNN political analysts. During the administration of George W. Bush, the Counselor oversaw the Communications, Media Affairs, Speechwriting, and Press Offices.[4] Under the Obama Administration, the position was initially abolished and the duties of the office transferred to three senior advisors: David Axelrod,[5][6] Pete Rouse,[6][7] and Valerie Jarrett,[8] who also held the title Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Relations and Public Liaison.[6] On January 6, 2011, President Obama appointed Rouse as Counselor to the President where he was responsible for assisting the President and White House Chief of Staff with the day-to-day management of White House Staff operations.[9][10] John Podesta was the last person to hold the position before he left to join the Hillary Clinton presidential campaign of 2016 as chairman.[11] Soon after the 2016 election, President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to name his campaign manager during the general election, Kellyanne Conway, as counselor to the president[12] and his campaign CEO Steve Bannon as a senior counselor and chief strategist.[13] After Bannon's departure from the White House in August 2017, Johnny DeStefano was given the title of counselor[14] in February 2018, with responsibility for overseeing the Offices of Presidential Personnel, Political Affairs, and Public Liaison. List of Counselors to the President
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/washingtonpost/obituary.aspx?n=clayton-yeutter&pid=184350162|title=Clayton Yeutter's Obituary|website=The Washington Post|access-date=}} {{White House Office}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Counselor to the President}}2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1977/01/15/carter-names-12-key-staff-aides/38a5c4a6-98f7-4f94-9487-11659d59bed1/|title=Carter Names 12 Key Staff Aides|first1=Edward|last1=Walsh|first2=Washington Post Staff Writer; Washington Post staff writer Robert G. Kaiser contributed to this|last2=article|date=January 15, 1977|publisher=|access-date=January 24, 2018|via=www.WashingtonPost.com}} 3. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/19/magazine/the-presidential-troika.html?pagewanted=all |title=The Presidential Troika |publisher=NYTimes.com |date=April 19, 1981 |access-date=November 14, 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/government/bartlett-bio.html |title=Former Counselor to the President, Dan Bartlett's Biography |publisher=Georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov |date=October 22, 2008 |access-date=November 14, 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/staff/david_axelrod/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=January 24, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122234325/http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/staff/david_axelrod/ |archivedate=January 22, 2009 |df= }} 6. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://change.gov/newsroom/entry/president_elect_obama_and_vice_presiden_elect_biden_announce_key_white_hous/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=April 21, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422150803/http://change.gov/newsroom/entry/president_elect_obama_and_vice_presiden_elect_biden_announce_key_white_hous/ |archivedate=April 22, 2009 |df= }} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/staff/pete_rouse/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=January 22, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122234327/http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/staff/pete_rouse/ |archivedate=January 22, 2009 |df= }} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/staff/valerie_jarrett/ |title=Senior Advisor Valerie Jarrett |publisher=whitehouse.gov |date= |access-date=November 14, 2016}} 9. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/01/06/132712318/obama-picks-william-daley-for-chief-of-staff-post|title=Obama Picks William Daley As Chief Of Staff|work=NPR |access-date=January 6, 2011 |date=January 6, 2011}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://whitehouse.blogs.cnn.com/2011/11/08/daleys-duties/|title=Daley's duties|publisher=}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/staff/john-podesta |title=Counselor to the President John Podesta |publisher=WhiteHouse.gov |access-date=October 1, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001032553/http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/staff/john-podesta |archivedate=October 1, 2014 |df=mdy-all }} 12. ^{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/kellyanne-conway-counselor-president-trump-232911 |title=Trump Picks Kellyanne Conway to Serve as Counselor to the President |publisher=Politico |date=December 22, 2016 |access-date=December 22, 2016}} 13. ^https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-s-pick-steve-bannon-chief-strategist-sparks-backlash-n683386 14. ^https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/president-donald-j-trump-announces-appointments-executive-office-president/ 15. ^1 [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A00EEDD1E3AEF3BBC4D53DFB7678382679EDE&legacy=true–] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023054714/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A00EEDD1E3AEF3BBC4D53DFB7678382679EDE&legacy=true|date=October 23, 2016}} 16. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/12/31/archives/a-white-house-farewell.html|title=White House Farewell|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=November 18, 2016}} 17. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/12/10/archives/harlow-resigns-as-aide-to-nixon-will-return-to-lobbyist-post-with.html|title=Harlow Resigns As Aide to Nixon; Will Return to Lobbyist Post|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=November 18, 2016}} 18. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/06/10/archives/washington-finch-and-the-postwar-economy.html|title=Finch and the Postwar Economy|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=November 18, 2016}} 19. ^ {{dead link|date=November 2016}} 20. ^1 [https://www.nytimes.com/1971/10/16/archives/tax-aide-chosen-to-head-enforcement-of-phase–2-tax-official-is.html] {{dead link|date=November 2016}} 21. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/03/06/archives/burch-under-senate-pressure-to-step-up-fcc-departure-3-vacancies.html|title=Burch Under Senate Pressure to Step Up FCC Departure 3 Vacancies |newspaper= The New York Times |accessdate= November 18, 2016 }} 22. ^{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1974/12/03/archives/burch-resigning-as-white-house-adviser-notes-on-people.html|title=Burch Resigning as White House Adviser Notes on People|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=November 18, 2016}} 23. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/05/30/archives/rush-sworn-as-counselor-to-president-on-economy.html|title=Rush Sworn as Counselor to President on Economy|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=November 18, 2016}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/rush-kenneth |title=Kenneth Rush – People – Department History – Office of the Historian |publisher=History.state.gov |date= |accessdate=November 14, 2016}} 25. ^{{cite news|author=Dennis Hevesi|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/19/us/politics/19hartmann.html?_r=0 |title=Robert Hartmann, 91, Dies; Wrote Ford’s Noted Talk |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 19, 2008 |accessdate=November 14, 2016}} 26. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/08/11/archives/ford-bids-cabinet-and-agency-heads-remain-in-posts-indefinite-stays.html|title=Ford Bids Cabinet and Agency Heads Remain in Post Indefinite Stays|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=November 18, 2016}} 27. ^{{cite web|author=|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A05EED6173DE034BC4D53DFB767838D669EDE&legacy=true |title=Ford Making Plans For Handing Over Controls to Carter |newspaper=The New York Times |date= |accessdate=November 14, 2016}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/guides/findingaid/mortonrfiles.asp#sfftl|title=Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum|website=www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov}} 29. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/17/nyregion/news-summary-667552.html |title=News Summary |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 17, 1997 |accessdate=November 18, 2016}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/KellyannePolls|title=Kellyanne Conway (@KellyannePolls) |website=twitter.com}} 31. ^{{cite web|title=Executive Office Of The President Annual Report To Congress On White House Office Personnel White House Office As Of: Friday, June 30, 2017|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/docs/disclosures/07012017-report-final.pdf|work=White House|access-date=July 1, 2017|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20170630223857/https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/docs/disclosures/07012017-report-final.pdf|archivedate=June 30, 2017|language=English|deadurl=yes|df=mdy-all}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/18/bannon-out-as-white-house-chief-strategist-241786|title=Bannon out as White House chief strategist|website=Politico.com|access-date=January 24, 2018}} 33. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/president-donald-j-trump-announces-appointments-executive-office-president/ |title=President Donald J. Trump Announces Appointments for the Executive Office of the President |date=February 9, 2018 |publisher=White House |access-date=June 19, 2018 }} 2 : White House Office|Executive Office of the President of the United States |
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