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词条 Cama (animal)
释义

  1. Breeding

  2. Food and drink

  3. Comparison of camelids

  4. References

{{Hybridbox/lua
| name =
| image =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| status = DOM
| parent = Camelinae
| father_genus = Camelus
| father_species = dromedarius
| link1 = Dromedary
| mother_genus = Lama
| mother_species = glama
| link2 = Llama
}}

A cama is a hybrid between a male dromedary camel and a female llama, and has been produced via artificial insemination at the Camel Reproduction Centre in Dubai.[1] The first cama was born on January 14, 1998. The aim was to create an animal capable of higher wool production than the llama, with the size and strength of a camel and a cooperative temperament.[2]

Breeding

An adult dromedary camel can weigh up to six times as much as a llama, so the hybrid needs to be produced by artificial insemination. Insemination of a female llama with sperm from a male dromedary camel has been the only successful combination. Inseminating a female camel with llama sperm has not produced viable offspring.[3][4]

The first cama showed signs of becoming sexually mature at age four, when he showed a desire to breed with a female guanaco and a female llama. He was also a behavioral disappointment, displaying an extremely poor temperament. A more recent story suggests that his behavior is generally more gentle, as was hoped for.[4] The second cama, a female named Kamilah, was successfully born in 2002. As of April 2008, five camas have been produced.[5]

Food and drink

Much like camels, camas are herbivores that eat shrubs and other plant matter. As they can drink large amounts of water at a time, camas can survive with little or no water for long periods.

Comparison of camelids

The camelid family consists of the Old World camelids (the dromedary camels, Bactrian camels, and wild Bactrian camels) and the New World camelids (the llama, vicuna, suri alpaca, huacaya alpaca, and guanaco). Though there have been successful and fertile hybrids within both major groups of camelids, the cama marks the first instance of cross-breeding. The following is a table comparing some of the characteristics of camelids.[1][6][7][8]

Common name Scientific name Life span Adult weight Height at shoulder Length of fur Load-bearing capacity
Dromedary camel Camelus dromedarius 40–50 years450|–|540|kg|lb|abbr=on}}180|–|210|cm|ft|abbr=on}}7.5|–|10|cm|in|abbr=on}}150|–|230|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
Bactrian camel Camelus bactrianus 40–50 years450|–|680|kg|lb|abbr=on}}180|–|210|cm|ft|abbr=on}}25|cm|in|abbr=on}}150|–|270|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
Llama Lama glama 20–30 years130|–|200|kg|lb|abbr=on}}90|–|120|cm|ft|abbr=on}}8|–|25|cm|in|abbr=on}}30|–|50|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
Vicuña Vicugna vicugna 20–25 years35|–|65|kg|lb|abbr=on}} 70–90 cm (2½–3 ft)1|–|4|cm|in|abbr=on}}10|–|15|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
Alpaca Vicugna pacos 15–20 years46|–|84|kg|lb|abbr=on}}90|–|120|cm|ft|abbr=on}}.20|–|40|cm|in|abbr=on}}10|–|20|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
Guanaco Lama guanicoe 20–25 years70|–|90|kg|lb|abbr=on}} 105–120 cm (3½–4 ft)5|cm|in|abbr=on}}15|–|20|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
Cama Camelus dromedarius × Lama glama Unknown50|–|70|kg|lb|abbr=on}} 125–140 cm (4 1/10-4 3/4 ft)6|cm|in|abbr=on}}25|–|30|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/49301.stm |title=Meet Rama the cama ... BBC |publisher=BBC News |date=1998-01-21 |accessdate=2012-08-10}}
2. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/jul/15/highereducation.science |title=Bad karma for cross llama without a hump |publisher=The Guardian |author=Duncan Campbell |date=2002-07-15 |accessdate=2009-03-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5eypfgvlQ?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/jul/15/highereducation.science |archivedate=2009-03-02 |df= }}
3. ^{{cite web|title='Cama' camel/llama hybrids born in UAE research centre|url=http://www.royalsociety.org.nz/2002/03/21/emirates-cama/|first=Miral|last=Fahmy|date=21 March 2002|accessdate=28 November 2012|work=Science in the News|publisher=The Royal Society of New Zealand|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927105152/http://www.royalsociety.org.nz/2002/03/21/emirates-cama/|archivedate=27 September 2013|df=}}
4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.xanadufarms.com/Stories/the_cama.htm |title=Xanadu Farms |publisher=Xanadu Farms |date=2002-02-27 |accessdate=2012-08-10}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.impactlab.net/2008/04/08/world%e2%80%99s-first-camel-and-llama-cross-now-has-friends/ |title=World's First Camel And Llama Cross Now Has Friends |publisher=Impactlab.net |date=April 8, 2008 |accessdate=2012-08-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722125038/http://www.impactlab.net/2008/04/08/world%E2%80%99s-first-camel-and-llama-cross-now-has-friends/ |archivedate=July 22, 2012 |df= }}
6. ^{{cite book|title=World Book Encyclopedia|year=1998|publisher=World Book|isbn=978-0-7166-0098-5}}
7. ^{{cite book|title=Great Book of the Animal Kingdom|year=1993|publisher=Crescent Books|location=New York|isbn=978-0-517-08801-2|pages=328–330}}
8. ^{{cite book|title=Camels and Relatives, Animal The Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife|first=Dorling|last=Kindersley|year=2005|isbn= 978-0-7894-7764-4|pages=236–237}}
{{Mammal hybrids}}{{Camelids}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cama (Animal)}}

2 : Camelid hybrids|Intergeneric hybrids
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