| 词条 | Cousland |
| 释义 |
Cousland is a village in Midlothian, Scotland. It is located {{convert|4|km}} east of Dalkeith and {{convert|3|km}} west of Ormiston, on a hill between the Rivers Tyne and Esk. HistoryCousland was a possession of the Sinclair family of Roslin from the late 12th century, and passed to the Ruthvens in the late 15th century.[1] It formerly had its own chapelry, which was annexed to the parish of Cranston about the time of the Reformation.[2] In 1547, during the Rough Wooing, the English army led by Protector Somerset burned the village, around the time of the Battle of Pinkie which was fought nearby. The village was a centre of lime production from the 16th century. The Confederate Lords, opponents of Mary, Queen of Scots, gathered at Cousland in 1567 at the time of the stand-off at Carberry Hill.[4] After the execution of William Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie, in 1584 for his part in the events of Carberry Hill, Cousland passed successively to the Herries, the Hays of Kinfauns, and the Macgills of Oxenfuird, before coming to the Dalrymples, later Earls of Stair, in the 1690s.[1] Cousland Smiddy is a blacksmith's workshop built in the 18th century, which unusually remains in working order, and is a category B listed building.[6] An archaeological survey, the Big Cousland Dig, was carried out in 2007-2008, and focused on the sites of the castle, the windmill and an 18th-century pottery.[1] Cousland CastleThe ruins of a tower house and enclosure walls are located on the south side of the village. Although formerly thought to be a nunnery, the remains are now attributed to William Ruthven, 1st Lord Ruthven, and dated to the late 15th century. The original tower was extended to form a larger residence in the 16th century.[4] The tower house had a vaulted basement, and was extended southwards. It stands at the north-east corner of a walled garden area, {{convert|68|m}} square, enclosed by walls {{convert|85|cm}} thick, probably constructed after 1690. The house was demolished after 1760, and the walls survive intact on the northern sides.[4] The tower, house and walls are protected as a scheduled monument.[11] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/53403/cousland-castle|work=Canmore|title=Cousland Castle |publisher=Historic Environment Scotland |accessdate=19 April 2017}} [1][2][3][4][5]2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/258117828/Big-Cousland-Dig-Report |title=Big Cousland Dig Report |publisher=Cousland Local History Project |year=2007–2008}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|author=Groome, Francis H. |year=1896 |edition=2nd |page=290 |title=Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland |publisher= }} 4. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB776 |title=Cousland, smiddy and cottage. LB776 |publisher=Historic Environment Scotland |accessdate=19 April 2017}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/SM1187 |title=Cousland Castle, tower and house 75m ESE of Chapeldyke. SM1187 |publisher=Historic Environment Scotland |accessdate=19 April 2017}} }}{{coord|55.9042|-2.9978|region:GB_type:landmark|format=dms|display=title}} 1 : Villages in Midlothian |
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