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词条 2nd Canadian Division
释义

  1. History

     First World War  Infantry units   Battles and engagements on the Western Front   Second World War  Formation and early organization (1939)  Garrison duties and reorganization (1940)  Training in the United Kingdom (1941)  Operation Jubilee (1942)  Rebuilding (1942–1944)  Battle of Normandy  Operation Atlantic  Operation Spring  Operation "Totalize"  Operation Tractable  Channel Ports and the Scheldt  Battles for the Rhine (November 1944 – March 1945)  North of the Rhine (March – May 1945)  Commanding Officers 

  2. Present day

      Regular Force    5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group    2nd Canadian Division Support Group    Reserve Force    34 Canadian Brigade Group    35 Canadian Brigade Group    Other reserve units  

  3. Operation ELEMENT

      Mission    Execution  

  4. Operation LENTUS

      Mission    Execution  

  5. Operation CADENCE

      Mission    Execution  

  6. See also

  7. Notes

  8. References

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= 2nd Canadian Division
2nd Canadian Infantry Division
2nd Canadian Division
| native_name = {{lang|fr|2e Division du Canada}}
|image=2nd_Canadian_Division_formation_patch_(Modern_Pantone).png
|caption=2nd Canadian Infantry Division formation patch
|dates={{plainlist|
  • 1915–19
  • 1939–45
  • 2013–present

}}
|country={{flag|Canada}}
|branch={{army|Canada}}
|type=Infantry
|role=
|size=3 brigade groups
|command_structure={{army|Canada}}
|garrison=CFB Valcartier
|ceremonial_chief=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
|nickname=
|patron=
|motto=
|colors=
|march=
|mascot=
|battles= First World War
  • Somme
  • Vimy Ridge
  • Passchendaele
Second World War
  • Dieppe Raid
  • Caen
  • Verrières Ridge
  • Cintheaux
  • Falaise
  • The Scheldt
  • The Rhineland
  • Battle of Groningen

|notable_commanders= Richard Ernest William Turner
Sam Steele
John Hamilton Roberts
Charles Foulkes
Bruce Matthews
|anniversaries=
}}

The 2nd Canadian Division (2 Cdn Div) is responsible for generating and maintaining an operationally ready, multi-purpose land force for the Canadian Army in the province of Quebec, Canada, in order to meet Canada's defence objectives,[1] domestically and overseas. The present command was created 2013 when Land Force Quebec Area was re-designated. The main unit housed in this division is the Royal 22nd Regiment based in Quebec City, which is the biggest regiment in the Canadian Army

The division draws its historical lineage from formations that existed during the First and Second World Wars.

History

During the First World War, the division fought on the Western Front before being disbanded in 1919. It was reformed on 1 September 1939, as part of the First Canadian Army, at the outbreak of the Second World War, adopting the designation "2nd Canadian Infantry Division". It was initially composed of volunteers within brigades established along regional lines, though a halt in recruitment in the early months of the war caused a delay in the formation of brigade and divisional headquarters. With questions concerning overseas deployment resolved, the division's respective commands were formed in May and June 1940, and at British Prime Minister Winston Churchill's request, the division was deployed to the United Kingdom between 1 August and 25 December 1940.

Having performed well in training exercises during 1941 and early 1942, elements of the 2nd Division were selected as the main force for Operation Jubilee, a large-scale amphibious raid on the port of Dieppe in German-occupied France. On 19 August 1942, with air and naval gunfire support, the division's 4th and 6th brigades assaulted Dieppe's beaches. The Germans were well prepared and, despite being reinforced, the Canadians sustained heavy losses and had to be evacuated, fewer than half their number returning to the United Kingdom.

Following a period of reconstruction and retraining in 1942–44, the division joined II Canadian Corps as part of the Second British Army for the Allied Invasion of Normandy. 2nd Division saw significant action from 20 July to 21 August in the battles for Caen and Falaise. Joining the newly activated headquarters of the First Canadian Army in the assault on northwestern Europe, the 2nd Canadian Infantry Division played a significant role in the retaking of the Channel ports, the Battle of the Scheldt, and the liberation of the Netherlands. The division was deactivated shortly after the end of the war.

First World War

The formation of the 2nd Canadian Division began in May 1915 in Britain, following the arrival of a large contingent of soldiers from Canada. The 2nd Division remained in Great Britain only a short time before embarking for the Western Front in September 1915. It joined the 1st Canadian Division to form the Canadian Corps. The division was under the command of Major General R.E.W. Turner, and its members spent a long and bitterly cold winter in a Belgian section of the front between Ploegsteert Wood and St. Eloi, south of Ypres. The 2nd Canadian Division served on the Western Front until the Armistice of 11 November 1918.{{Citation needed|date=November 2016}}

Infantry units

4th Canadian Brigade: (Formed after the original 4th Brigade was dispersed)

  • 18th (Western Ontario) Battalion Canadian Infantry. 1 October 1914 – 11 November 1918;
  • 19th (Central Ontario) Battalion Canadian Infantry. 19 October 1914 – 11 November 1918;
  • 20th (Central Ontario) Battalion Canadian Infantry. October 1914 – 11 November 1918;
  • 21st (Eastern Ontario) Battalion Canadian Infantry. 19 October 1914 – 11 November 1918.
5th Canadian Brigade:
  • 22nd (Canadien Francais) Battalion Canadian Infantry. 21 October 1914 – 11 November 1918;
  • 24th (Victoria Rifles) Battalion Canadian Infantry. 22 October 1914 – 11 November 1918;
  • 25th (Nova Scotia) Battalion Canadian Infantry. 28 October 1914 – 11 November 1918;
  • 26th (New Brunswick) Battalion Canadian Infantry. 2 November 1914 – 11 November 1918.
6th Canadian Brigade
  • 27th (City of Winnipeg) Battalion Canadian Infantry. 21 October 1914 – 11 November 1918;
  • 28th (North West) Battalion Canadian Infantry. 19 October 1914 – 11 November 1918;
  • 29th (Vancouver) Battalion Canadian Infantry. 24 October 1914 – 11 November 1918;
  • 31st (Alberta) Battalion Canadian Infantry. 16 November 1914 – 11 November 1918.
Pioneers:
  • 2nd Canadian Pioneer Battalion. March 1916 – June 1917. To the 2nd Canadian Engineer Brigade.

Battles and engagements on the Western Front

1916:
  • Actions of St. Eloi Craters: 27 March – 16 April
  • Battle of Mount Sorrel: 2–13 June
  • Battle of Flers - Courcelette: 15–22 September
  • Battle of Thiepval: 26–28 September
  • Battle of Le Transloy: 1–18 October
  • Battle of the Ancre Heights: 1 October – 11 November
1917:
  • Battle of Vimy Ridge: 9–14 April
  • Attack on La Coulotte: 23 April
  • Battle of Arleux: 28–29 April
  • Third Battle of the Scarpe: 3–4 May
  • Battle of Hill 70: 15–25 August
  • Second Battle of Passchendaele: 26 October – 10 November
  • Battle of Cambrai (1917): 20 November – 3 December
1918:
  • First Battle of Arras: 28 March
  • Battle of Amiens: 8–11 August
  • Actions round Damery: 15–17 August
  • Battle of the Scarpe: 26–30 August
  • The Pursuit to the Selle: 9–12 October
  • Passage of the Grande Honelle: 5–7 November

Second World War

{{main|2nd Canadian Division during World War II}}

Formation and early organization (1939)

At the start of the Second World War, the Canadian Active Service Force was initially composed of two divisions; the 1st and 2nd Canadian Infantry Divisions, both raised on the first of September 1939.[2] The fighting power of this force lay in its constituent infantry brigades, of which each division had three. These were in turn composed of three rifle and one machine gun battalion, with additional divisional artillery and engineer units in support.[3]

The 2nd Division, like its sister formation, was originally organized along regional lines. Its 4th Brigade was composed of regiments from Ontario, the 5th Brigade of regiments from Quebec, and 6th Brigade of regiments from Western Canada.{{Citation needed|date=September 2013}}

Unit[18] This new type of training emphasized small unit tactics as well as "hardening" training through use of live ammunition, slaughterhouse visits, and obstacle courses, and was adopted throughout Commonwealth forces stationed in Britain.[18]

Operation Jubilee (1942)

{{Main|Dieppe Raid}}

In early 1942, under Major General J. H. Roberts, the 2nd Canadian Infantry Division participated in several additional full-scale combat exercises, again gauging the ability of Commonwealth divisions to repel a possible German invasion. As April and May progressed, the exercises intensified, becoming significantly more demanding on the participants.[19] As a result, the 2nd Division was judged to be one of the four best divisions in the United Kingdom,[20] and was selected as the primary force for the upcoming Allied attack on the German-occupied port of Dieppe—codenamed Operation Jubilee. Mounted as a test of whether or not such a landing was feasible,[21] the Dieppe raid was to be undertaken by the 4th and 6th Brigades, with additional naval, air, and infantry support. Significant elements of the 5th Brigade were also involved.[27]

On 19 August 1942, while British commando units attacked bunker positions on the outskirts of Dieppe, forces of the 2nd Division landed on four beaches. The easternmost, Blue Beach, which was situated at the foot of a sheer cliff, presented the most difficulties; the Royal Regiment of Canada, with a company of the Black Watch, was held at bay by two platoons of German defenders.[27] Only six percent of the men that landed on Blue Beach returned to Britain.[22]

The main beaches, codenamed White and Red, lay in front of Dieppe itself. Making only minor gains, the majority of the 4th and 6th brigades became pinned down on the beach, and despite the arrival of an armoured squadron from the 14th Army Tank Regiment (The Calgary Regiment (Tank)), casualties were heavy.[23] Reinforcements from the Mont Royals had little effect, and surviving forces were withdrawn by 11:00. Of the nearly 5,000 Canadian troops that participated, more than half were killed, wounded or captured.[24]

At Green Beach to the west, part of the South Saskatchewan Regiment was landed on the wrong side of the Scie River, necessitating an assault over the machine gun swept bridge there so they could assault the cliffs on the west. The village of Pourville[25] was captured but the eastern cliffs proved impossible to capture so blocking their assault on an artillery battery and a radar station. The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders were landed with the objective of moving south to attack an airfield and a divisional HQ. Neither battalion was able to achieve their objectives. As with the other three beaches, casualties among the Canadians were high with 160 fatalities.[25]

Rebuilding (1942–1944)

Throughout 1943, the 2nd Division focused on rebuilding its ranks, having lost close to half its strength at Dieppe. In January 1944, Major General Charles Foulkes—the first to command the division who had not served in the First World War—replaced Burns.[26] The following month, all three brigade commanders were replaced as part of a general move to modernize the Canadian forces' higher echelons;[27] further sweeping changes throughout all levels of command, coupled with the lingering effects of the large influx of new personnel during 1943, lowered morale in the division.[26] However, in March 1944, training again intensified, heralding the coming invasion of Europe. On 9 March, the 2nd Division was inspected by King George VI,[28] and by May the division numbered close to 18,000 fully equipped and trained soldiers.[29] When D-Day arrived on 6 June 1944, the main Canadian assault was led by the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division, while the 2nd Division was held in reserve.[30]

4th Canadian Infantry Brigade
The Royal Regiment of Canada
The Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (Wentworth Regiment)
The Essex Scottish Regiment
4th Infantry Brigade Ground Defence Platoon (Lorne Scots)
6th Canadian Infantry Brigade
The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada
The South Saskatchewan Regiment
Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal
6th Infantry Brigade Ground Defence Platoon (Lorne Scots)
Royal Canadian Artillery
Headquarters
4th Field Regiment, 2nd (Ottawa) Field Battery, 14th (Midland) Field Battery, 26th (Lambton) Field Battery, 5th Field Regiment, 5th (Westmount) Field Battery, 28th (Newcastle) Field Battery, 73rd Field Battery, 6th Field Regiment, 13th (Winnipeg) Field Battery, 21st Field Battery, 91st Field Battery
2nd Anti-Tank Regiment, 18th Anti-Tank Battery, 20th Anti-Tank Battery, 23rd Anti-Tank Battery, 108th Anti-Tank Battery, 3rd Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, 16th Light Anti-Aircraft Battery, 17th Light Anti-Aircraft Battery, 38th Light Anti-Aircraft Battery
Royal Canadian Corps of Signals
2nd Canadian Divisional Signals
Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps
No. 10 Field Ambulance, No. 11 Field Ambulance, No. 18 Field Ambulance, 13th Canadian Field Hygiene Section, 4th Canadian Field Dressing Station, 21st Canadian Field Dressing Station
Royal Canadian Electrical and Mechanical Engineers
Headquarters
4th Infantry Brigade Workshop, 5th Infantry Brigade Workshop, 6th Infantry Brigade Workshop, one LAA workshop
Eleven light aid detachments.

By 1 August 1944, the British had made significant gains on the Vire and Orne Rivers during Operation Bluecoat, while the Americans had achieved a complete breakthrough in the west. On 4 August, Simonds and General Harry Crerar—the newly appointed commander of the First Canadian Army—were given the order to prepare an advance on Falaise.[41] Three days later, with heavy bomber support, Operation Totalize began, marking the first use of Kangaroo Armoured Personnel Carriers.[35] While the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division attacked east of the Caen-Falaise Road, 2nd Division attacked to the west. By noon Verrières Ridge had finally fallen, and Canadian and Polish armour was preparing to exploit south towards Falaise.[42] However, strong resistance by the 12th SS Panzer Division and the 272nd Volksgrenadier Division halted the advance.[42] Although 12 km (7.5 mi) of ground had been gained,[43] Canadian forces had failed to reach Falaise itself.{{Citation needed|date=September 2013}}

Simultaneously, the Germans had launched a desperate and ill-prepared armoured thrust towards Mortain, beginning on 6 August 1944. This was halted within a day and, despite the increasingly dangerous threat presented by the Anglo-Canadian advance on Falaise, German commander Field Marshal Günther von Kluge was prohibited by Adolf Hitler from redeploying his forces.[44] Thus, as American armoured formations advanced towards Argentan from the south, the Allies were presented with an opportunity to encircle large sections of the German Seventh Army.[45] The First Canadian Army was ordered south, while the Americans prepared to move on Chambois on 14 August. Simonds and Crerar quickly planned a further offensive that would push through to Falaise, trapping the German Seventh Army in Normandy.[46]

Operation Tractable

On 14 August, the First Canadian Army launched Operation Tractable with the aim of capturing Falaise and achieving a linkup with American forces in Chambois.[47] A daylight attack was executed after artillery provided smoke-screen cover and medium bombers softened up the German defenses.[48] The offensive was largely successful and, although the 2nd Division was not an active participant, divisional troops entered Falaise on 16 August as the remainder of First Canadian Army moved south-east towards Trun and Chambois.[49] By 21 August the remnants of the battered German Seventh Army had surrendered in the Falaise Pocket, bringing the Battle of Normandy to a close. The German forces committed to Normandy since D-Day had been virtually annihilated—by the end of Operation Tractable, the 12th SS Panzer Division, the main adversary of the Canadians, had lost 80% of its tanks,[50] 70% of its personnel carriers,[50] and 60% of its artillery.[50]

Shortly afterwards, the 2nd Division moved to Foret de la Londe, along the valley of the River Seine. From 27–29 August, the 4th and 6th Brigades were engaged in heavy fighting against the rearguard of German forces seeking to withdraw across the Seine.[46]

Channel Ports and the Scheldt

Throughout September and October 1944, the First Canadian Army moved along the coast of France with the aim of securing the Channel ports. On 1 September, while the 3rd Division made for Boulogne and Calais, the 2nd Division entered Dieppe, encountering virtually no resistance.[51] Five days later they were tasked by Montgomery and Crerar with retaking Dunkirk.[52] Heavy fighting around the outskirts would hold the division for several days but, by 9 September, 5th Brigade had captured the port.[53] The Dunkirk perimeter was handed over to the British on 15 September, and the 2nd Division made for Antwerp.[53]

Although the Belgian White Brigade and elements of the 3rd British Division had entered Antwerp as early as 6 September, taking the city and docks, a strategic oversight meant that the nearby bridges over the Albert Canal were not seized, leaving the Germans in control of the Scheldt estuary.[54] The failure to make an immediate push on the estuary ensured the strategically vital port would remain useless until the Scheldt was cleared. Strong formations of the Fifteenth German Army, which had withdrawn from the Pas de Calais, were able to consolidate their positions on the islands of South Beveland and Walcheren, as well as the Albert Canal directly northwest of Antwerp, and were further reinforced by elements of General Kurt Student's First Parachute Army.[51]

During the initial phases of the battle, the 2nd Canadian Infantry Division sought to force a crossing of the Albert Canal.[55] On 2 October, the entire First Canadian Army—under the temporary command of General Simonds—moved against the German defenses. Two days later, 2nd Division had cleared the canal, and was moving northwest towards South Beveland and Walcheren Island.[56] On Friday, 13 October, later known as "Black Friday", 5th Brigade's Black Watch attacked positions near the coast, losing all four company commanders and over 200 men.[57] Three days later, the Calgary Highlanders conducted a more successful offensive, capturing the initial objective of Woensdrecht.[57] Simultaneously, the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division and the 4th Canadian Armoured Division captured Bergen, cutting off South Beveland and Walcheren from reinforcement.[58]

Battles for the Rhine (November 1944 – March 1945)

By November 1944, the First Canadian Army had entered the Nijmegen Salient which was being held for use in the development of future offensives.[59] The 2nd Division came under the command of Major-General A.B. Matthews, with Foulkes being transferred to command I Canadian Corps.[60] The First Canadian Army launched no major offensive operations from November 1944 – January 1945; the longest hiatus the Canadians had enjoyed since landing on the Normandy beaches the previous June.[59]

Operation Veritable was designed to bring the 21st Army Group to the west bank of the Rhine River, the last natural obstacle before entering Germany.[61] Initially scheduled for December 1944, the operation was delayed until February by the German Ardennes Offensive.[62] Plans were developed to breach three successive defensive lines: the outpost screen; a formidable section of the Siegfried Line running through the Hochwald Forest; and finally the Hochwald Layback covering the approach to the ultimate objective of Xanten.[86] The first phase began on 8 February 1945, with the 2nd Division's advance following up one of the largest artillery barrages seen on the Western Front.[61] The Germans had prepared significant defenses in depth, both within the outpost screen and the Siegfried Line itself,[61] and to add to the Canadians' difficulties, constant rain and cold weather obscured the battlefield. However, by the end of the first day, the 2nd Division had captured their objectives—the fortified towns of Wyler and Den Heuvel.[63] On 11 February, the division moved southeast to assist XXX British Corps in their assault on Moyland Wood.[63]

The operational plan's second phase called for the 2nd and 3rd Divisions to take the Hochwald Forest. Following its capture, the 4th Canadian Armoured would sweep through the Hochwald Gap towards Wesel,[64] followed by 2nd Division "leap-frogging" towards Xanten. Operation Blockbuster was scheduled for 27 February, but despite initial gains, stubborn German resistance prolonged the battle for six days.[61][65] It was not until 3 March that the forest was cleared—during the intense close-quarter fighting, Major Frederick Tilston of the Essex Scottish Regiment won a Victoria Cross.[66]

Operation Blockbuster's final phase was the attack on Xanten itself, which lasted from 8–10 March.[67] This fell primarily to the 2nd Division and 2nd Canadian (Armoured) Brigade, although the 43rd Wessex Division was temporarily assigned to Simonds's II Canadian Corps for the assault.[68] Despite an elaborate preceding artillery barrage, dogged German resistance caused the battle to degenerate into one of attrition.[68] Because effective air-support was prevented by fog and movement was hindered by German mortar barrages,[61] the Anglo-Canadians suffered heavy casualties.[68] However, by 10 March, the 2nd Division's 5th Brigade had linked up with elements of the 52nd Lowland Division, bringing the offensive to a close.[69] Total Canadian casualties during Veritable and Blockbuster were 5,304 killed or wounded.[67]

North of the Rhine (March – May 1945)

{{See also|Battle of Groningen}}

Canadian forces having incurred heavy casualties in clearing a path to the Rhine, the 2nd Division was rested from the massive crossing operation that took place on 23 March 1945, instead crossing in relative ease a week later.[70] After a brief detour through German territory, the First Canadian Army—now unified with the arrival of I Canadian Corps from Italy—prepared to assault German positions in the Netherlands. The 2nd Division moved northwards towards Groningen.[71] In the nine days preceding their attack, German resistance had been light and uncoordinated[72] but opposition stiffened as the assault progressed, leading to heavy losses among the battalions of the 5th Brigade.[73] By 13 April, the division had been shifted eastward to guard the flanks of a British assault on Bremen,[74] and the following day I Canadian Corps liberated Arnhem. On 2 May, the 2nd Division took Oldenburg, solidifying Canadian positions throughout the Netherlands.[75] German and Canadian forces declared a ceasefire on 5 May,[76] and all fighting came to an end with the surrender of German forces in Western Europe on 7 May 1945.[67] In October 1945, after four months in the Netherlands, General Order 52/46 officially disbanded the headquarters of the 2nd Canadian Infantry Division.[76] By December, the entirety of the division had been stood down and returned to Canada.[77]

Commanding Officers

Date General Officer Commanding[78]
20 May 1940 – 6 Nov 1941 Major-General V.W. Odlum
7 Nov 1941 – 12 Apr 1943 Major-General J.H. Roberts (acting commander 7 Nov 1941 – 6 Apr 1941)
23 Dec 1941 – 5 Apr 1942 Major-General H.D.G. Crerar (Never actually commanded; appointed to temporary command of

I Cdn Corps 23 Dec 1941)

13 Apr 1943 – 28 Apr 1943 Major-General G.G. Simonds
6 May 1943 – 10 Jan 1944 Major-General E.L.M. Burns
11 Jan 1944 – 9 Nov 1944 General C. Foulkes
10 Nov 1944 – 6 Oct 1945 Major-General A.B. Matthews
6 Oct 1945 Division disbanded

Present day

The present division is headquartered in Montreal, Que., with the majority of operational units stationed in Quebec City at 2 CDSB Valcartier and at the Quebec Citadel.

Regular Force

  • 2nd Canadian Division Training Centre – Courcelette, Que.

5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group

Unit Type Headquarters
5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (5 CMBG) Brigade group CFB Valcartier
5e Régiment d'artillerie légère du Canada Artillery CFB Valcartier
12e Régiment blindé du Canada Armoured CFB Valcartier
5 Combat Engineer Regiment Combat engineer CFB Valcartier
5 CMBG Headquarters and Signals Squadron Headquarters and signal squadron CFB Valcartier
1st Battalion, Royal 22e Régiment Mechanized Infantry CFB Valcartier
2nd Battalion, Royal 22e Régiment Mechanized Infantry Quebec City
3rd Battalion, Royal 22e Régiment Light infantry CFB Valcartier
5 Service Battalion Service battalion CFB Valcartier

2nd Canadian Division Support Group

Unit Headquarters
2nd Canadian Division Support Group (2 CDSG) Montreal
2 CDSG Signal Squadron CFB Valcartier
CFB/ASU Unit Montréal Montreal
2 CDSB Valcartier Valcartier
CFB Saint-Jean Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu

Also stationed at CFB Valcartier are 430 Tactical Helicopter Squadron and 5 Field Ambulance. Although these two units work closely with 5 CMBG, they are not officially part of the brigade group.

Reserve Force

34 Canadian Brigade Group

Unit Type Headquarters
34 Canadian Brigade Group Brigade group Montreal
34 Canadian Brigade Group Headquarters Headquarters Montreal
The Royal Canadian Hussars (Montreal) Reconnaissance Montreal
Le Régiment de Hull (RCAC) Reconnaissance Hull
2nd Field Artillery Regiment, RCA Artillery Montreal
34 Combat Engineer Regiment Combat engineer Westmount
34 Signal Regiment Military communications Montreal
The Canadian Grenadier Guards Light infantry Montreal
The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada Light infantry Montreal
4th Battalion, Royal 22e Régiment (Châteauguay) Light infantry Laval
6th Battalion, Royal 22e Régiment Light infantry Saint-Hyacinthe
Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal Light infantry Montreal
Le Régiment de Maisonneuve Light infantry Montreal
The Royal Montreal Regiment Light infantry Westmount
34 Service Battalion Military logistics Saint-Hubert

35 Canadian Brigade Group

Unit Type Headquarters
35 Canadian Brigade Group Brigade group Quebec City
35 Canadian Brigade Group Headquarters Headquarters Quebec City
Sherbrooke Hussars Reconnaissance Sherbrooke
12e Régiment blindé du Canada (Milice) Reconnaissance Trois-Rivières
6th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA Artillery Lévis
62nd Field Artillery Regiment, RCA Artillery Shawinigan
35 Combat Engineer Regiment Engineer Quebec City
35 Signal Regiment Military communications Quebec City
Les Voltigeurs de Québec Light infantry Quebec City
Les Fusiliers du St-Laurent Light infantry Rimouski
Le Régiment de la Chaudière Light infantry Lévis
Le Régiment du Saguenay Light infantry Chicoutimi
Les Fusiliers de Sherbrooke Light infantry Sherbrooke
35 Service Battalion Military logistics Quebec City

Other reserve units

  • 2 Canadian Ranger Patrol Group – Richelain
  • 4 Intelligence Company – Montreal
  • 34 Influence Activities Company - Montreal
  • 35 Influence Activities Company - Quebec City

Operation ELEMENT

Mission

Operation ELEMENT represented the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) response to the influx of irregular immigrants crossing into Canada from the United States. The operation was supported through a whole-of-government approach.[79]

Execution

Beginning at the end of July 2017, the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) were using considerable amounts of resources to manage the significant increase in irregular immigrants seeking asylum crossing the Canadian border from the United States. To aid civil authorities manage this situation, the CAF deployed approximately 370 troops to build and maintain temporary accommodations at two sites: one at Saint-Bernard-de-Lacolle, Quebec, and one at the Nav Canada facility in Cornwall, Ontario.

The mission was called to an end by the Canadian government on December 1, 2017, and ended on December 12, 2017.[79]

Operation LENTUS

Mission

Operation LENTUS is the ongoing Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) response to domestic natural disasters.

In the event that provincial and territorial authorities, the first responders to major natural disasters, are unable to deal with the resulting damage on their own, they may ask the CAF for help. LENTUS follows established action plans, adaptable to multiple situation, in order to provide support to populations in crisis. The objectives of the CAF during this type of operation is threefold: to provide aid to civil authorities, to respond to the call to action swiftly and efficiently, and to stabilize natural disaster conditions.[80]

Execution

On May 5, 2017, severe flooding in the Province of Quebec led to the provincial government requesting aid from the CAF. From May 6 to June 5, 2017, the CAF provided support to Quebec's flood relief efforts by mobilizing 2600 CAF members, 400 vehicles, six CH-146 Griffon helicopters, one CH-147 Chinook helicopter, one Halifax-class frigate (HMCS Montréal), and 15 small boats. The CAF operated in five affected regions during this period: Trois-Rivières, Montréal, Mauricie, Outaouais, and Montérégie.[80]

Operation CADENCE

Mission

Operation CADENCE represents the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) support of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) security efforts for major domestic events, including key conferences like the 44th G7 summit.[81]

Execution

During this summit from June 8 to 9, 2018 in Charlevoix, Que., the CAF provided planning and air support to the RCMP; conducted monitoring operations by air, land, and sea; and aided civil authorities in maintaining the security of controlled airspace. Over 2000 members, both Reserve and Regular Force, comprised the task force charged with these responsibilities.[81]

See also

  • Military history of Canada during the Second World War
  • Military history of Canada
  • Canadian Forces

Notes

1. ^http://dgpaapp.forces.gc.ca/en/canada-defence-policy/docs/canada-defence-policy-report.pdf
2. ^Bercuson, p. 27
3. ^Bercuson, p. 279
4. ^1 2 3 Bercuson, p. 29
5. ^Copp, p. 20
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.army.dnd.ca/rdechaud/qg-hq/historique-history-eng.aspx?action=view&id=historique-history |title=Chaudière Regimental History |accessdate=5 December 2008 |publisher=Le Régiment de la Chaudière |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222004625/http://www.army.dnd.ca/rdechaud/qg-hq/historique-history-eng.aspx?action=view&id=historique-history |archivedate=22 February 2012 }}
7. ^Willmot & Keegan, p. 57
8. ^Copp, p. 15
9. ^Copp, p. 16
10. ^Copp, p.19
11. ^Copp, p.12
12. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.saskd.ca/27Light.htm|title= 14th Canadian Hussars|accessdate=6 December 2008 |work= |publisher= 14th Canadian Hussars (Saskatchewan Dragoons)| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081209012527/http://www.saskd.ca/27Light.htm| archivedate= 9 December 2008 | deadurl= no}}
13. ^Berton, p. 362
14. ^Copp, p. 22
15. ^Bercuson, p. 63
16. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://dileas.mapleleafup.org/england.htm|title= 48th Highlanders of Canada Regimental History|accessdate=6 December 2008 |work= |publisher= 48th Highlanders of Canada Regimental| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081209041904/http://dileas.mapleleafup.org/england.htm| archivedate= 9 December 2008 | deadurl= no}}
17. ^Copp, p. 23
18. ^1 Copp, p. 24
19. ^Copp, p.29
20. ^Copp, p. 30
21. ^Bercuson, p. 62
22. ^Bercuson, p.69
23. ^1 2 Zuehlke, p.151
24. ^Bercuson, p.73
25. ^1 Bercuson, p. 71
26. ^1 Copp, p.35
27. ^Copp, p.37
28. ^Copp, p.38
29. ^Copp, p. 39
30. ^Copp, p. 41
31. ^Zuehlke, p. 166
32. ^D'Este, p. 325
33. ^Trew, p. 77
34. ^D'Este, p. 398
35. ^1 2 Zuehlke, p. 168
36. ^Stacey, p.172
37. ^1 Bercuson, p.223
38. ^1 2 Bercuson, p. 224
39. ^Copp, p. 63
40. ^Copp, p.87
41. ^1 Bercuson, p.228
42. ^1 Bercuson, p. 229
43. ^Bercuson, p. 230
44. ^D'Este, p. 420
45. ^D'Este, p. 427
46. ^1 Zuehlke, p. 169
47. ^D'Este, p. 429
48. ^{{cite web |url=http://montormel.evl.pl/?id=67|title=Operation Tractable |publisher= Memorial Mont-Ormel|accessdate=28 May 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080617070258/http://montormel.evl.pl/?id=67| archivedate= 17 June 2008 | deadurl= no}}
49. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.junobeach.org/e/2/can-eve-rod-nor-cam-e.htm |title=Juno Beach Centre, Normandy, France |publisher= The Juno Beach Association |accessdate=28 May 2008 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080516015151/http://www.junobeach.org/e/2/can-eve-rod-nor-cam-e.htm| archivedate= 16 May 2008 | deadurl= no}}
50. ^1 2 D'Este, p. 432
51. ^1 Bercuson, p. 234
52. ^Copp, p. 123
53. ^1 Copp, p.127
54. ^Copp, p. 132
55. ^Bercuson, p. 235
56. ^Zuehlke, p. 170
57. ^1 Bercuson, p. 249
58. ^Bercuson, p. 250
59. ^1 Bercuson, p. 255
60. ^Copp, p.176
61. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://www.junobeach.org/e/2/can-eve-rod-rhi-e.htm |title= Juno Beach Centre—Liberation of the Netherlands and capitulation of Germany|accessdate=15 August 2008 |work= |publisher= Juno Beach Centre|date= | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080818055617/http://www.junobeach.org/e/2/can-eve-rod-rhi-e.htm| archivedate= 18 August 2008 | deadurl= no}}
62. ^Bercuson, p.258
63. ^1 Bercuson, p. 263
64. ^Bercuson, p. 265
65. ^1 Zuehlke, p. 171
66. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/general/sub.cfm?source=history/secondwar/citations/tilston |title=Major Frederick Tilston, Victoria Cross |accessdate=15 August 2008 |work= |publisher=Veteran Affairs Canada |date= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919220339/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/general/sub.cfm?source=history%2Fsecondwar%2Fcitations%2Ftilston |archivedate=19 September 2008 |deadurl=no }}
67. ^1 2 Zuehlke, p. 172
68. ^1 2 Copp, p.190
69. ^Copp, p.192
70. ^Bercuson, p. 267
71. ^Copp, p.196
72. ^Copp, p. 197
73. ^Copp, p.200
74. ^Copp, p. 202
75. ^Zuehlke, p. 173
76. ^1 Copp, p. 205
77. ^Copp, p. 206
78. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.calgaryhighlanders.com/history/2nddivision.htm | title=The Second Canadian Infantry Division | accessdate=9 August 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207173912/http://www.calgaryhighlanders.com/history/2nddivision.htm | archive-date=7 February 2012 | dead-url=yes | df=dmy-all }}
79. ^1 {{cite web |title=Operation ELEMENT |url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/operations-canada-north-america/op-element.page |website=forces.gc.ca |publisher=Canadian Armed Forces |accessdate=16 July 2018}}
80. ^1 {{cite web |title=Operation LENTUS |url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/operations-canada-north-america/op-lentus.page |website=forces.gc.ca |publisher=Department of National Defence / Canadian Armed Forces |accessdate=13 August 2018}}
81. ^1 {{cite web |title=Operation CADENCE |url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/operations-canada-north-america/op-cadence.page |website=forces.gc.ca |publisher=Department of National Defence / Canadian Armed Forces |accessdate=15 August 2018}}

References

  • Bercuson, David Jay [1996] (2004). Maple Leaf Against the Axis. Illustrated edition. Calgary: Red Deer Press. {{ISBN|0-88995-305-8}}
  • Berton, Pierre (2001). Marching as to War: Canada's Turbulent Years, 1899–1953. Toronto: Anchor Canada. {{ISBN|0-385-25819-4}}
  • Copp, Terry [1992] (2007). The Brigade: The Fifth Canadian Infantry Brigade in World War II. Illustrated edition. Stackpole Books. {{ISBN|978-0-8117-3422-6}}
  • D'Este, Carlo (1983). Decision in Normandy. New York: Konecky & Konecky. {{ISBN|1-56852-260-6}}
  • Stacey, C.P. (1964). Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War, Volume III: The Victory Campaign. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, On. {{oclc|480250059}}
  • {{Cite book| first=Simon|last=Trew|authorlink=| author2=Badsey, Stephen| series=Battle Zone Normandy| title=Battle for Caen|publisher=Faber and Faber| year=2004| origyear=| isbn=0-7509-3010-1}}
  • Willmott, H.P. & Keegan, John [1999] (2002). The Second World War in the Far East. London: Cassell. {{ISBN|978-0-304-35247-0}}
  • Zuehlke, Mark; Daniel, C. Stuart (2001). The Canadian Military Atlas: The Nation's Battlefields from the French and Indian Wars to Kosovo. Illustrated edition. Toronto: Stoddart. {{ISBN|0-7737-3289-6}}
  • 2nd Canadian Infantry Division at www.canadiansoldiers.com
{{Infantry Division of Canada}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Canadian Division 2}}

8 : Canadian World War II divisions|Divisions of Canada in World War I|Infantry divisions of Canada|Military units and formations established in 1915|Military units and formations disestablished in 1919|Military units and formations established in 1939|Military units and formations disestablished in 1945|Military units and formations established in 2013

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