| 词条 | Crawford Martin |
| 释义 |
| image = | image_size= | caption= | name = Crawford Collins Martin | honorific-suffix = | state_senate = Texas | state = Texas | district = 12th | term_start =1949 | term_end=1963 | preceded =A. B. Crawford | succeeded =J. P. Word | office2=Texas Senate President Pro Tempore | term_start2=1955 | term_end2=1956 | preceded2=Dorsey B. Hardeman | succeeded2=Neveille H. Colson | office3=Secretary of State of Texas | term_start3=1963 | term_end3=1966 | governor3=John Connally | preceded3=P. Frank Lane | succeeded3=John Luke Hill | office4=Attorney General of Texas | term_start4=January 1, 1967 | term_end4=December 29, 1972 | governor4=John Connally Preston Smith | preceded4=Waggoner Carr | succeeded4=John Luke Hill | party = Democratic | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|3|13}} | birth_place = Hillsboro, Hill County Texas, USA | death_date ={{death date and age|1972|12|29|1916|3|13}} | death_place =Austin, Travis County, Texas | resting_place=Texas State Cemetery in Austin | spouse =Margaret Ann Mash Martin (married 1941-1972, his death) | children= | residence =(1) Hillsboro, Texas (2) Austin, Texas | alma_mater =Hill College University of Texas at Austin Cumberland School of Law | profession = Lawyer | religion = |allegiance={{flag|United States}} | branch={{flag|United States Coast Guard|23px}} | battles=World War II | rank= | footnotes= }} Crawford Collins Martin (March 13, 1916 – December 29, 1972), a native of Hillsboro, Texas, was a Texas State Senator, Secretary of State of Texas, and Attorney General of Texas. Early lifeMartin was the son of Will M. Martin and the former Daisy Beavers. He was educated in public schools and graduated in 1935 from Hill College, a community college in Hillsboro. After having first attended the University of Texas at Austin, he obtained a law degree from Cumberland School of Law, then located in Lebanon, Tennessee. In 1939, Martin was admitted to the Texas bar and commenced the practice of law with his brother, William, in Hillsboro. In 1941, he married the former Margaret Ann Mash (born 1921 in Brandon, also in Hill County, Texas). During World War II, Martin enlisted in the United States Coast Guard.[1] Political careerMayor and state senatorAfter the war, Martin was elected mayor of Hillsboro. In 1948, he was elected as a Democrat to the Texas Senate representing District 12, which his father had previously represented. The 12th District comprised all of the counties of Ellis, Hill, Hood, Johnson, Somervell in north central Texas. During his fourteen-year career in the Senate he served on a number of committees, including Finance. He sponsored legislation in insurance reform and securities regulation, and he was elected Senate President Pro Tempore in 1955. In 1957, he sponsored the state's first law requiring the registration of lobbyists.[2] Martin served in the Senate from 1949 to 1963. In 1962, he ran for lieutenant governor but lost the Democratic nomination to future Governor Preston E. Smith. In 1963, Governor John B. Connally, Jr., appointed Martin as Texas secretary of state, a position that he held until 1966, when he was elected attorney general, the position vacated by fellow Democrat Waggoner Carr, who instead ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate against the Republican incumbent John G. Tower.[2] Attorney GeneralUnder Martin's leadership, the attorney general's office added antitrust, consumer protection, crime prevention, and water control divisions to its organization. Martin made drug abuse and organized crime a focus, and he was the first attorney general of any state to file successful litigation against commercial drug manufacturers for fixing the prices of antibiotics. By this action his office was able to recover more than $4 million for consumers. Through litigation, Martin's office established the revised Sabine River boundary between Texas and Louisiana, having preserved valuable oil rights to the state. Martin's activities as attorney general won him both state and national recognition.[2] Nevertheless, Martin was defeated in the 1972 Texas Democratic primary in a re-election bid for a fourth two-year term by his successor as Secretary of State, John Luke Hill. Also going down to defeat were Governor Preston Smith, Lieutenant Governor Ben F. Barnes and others tainted, for real or imaginary reasons, by the Sharpstown scandal. All were defeated by "reform" candidates, including Dolph Briscoe, the new governor.[3] Martin died in Austin of a heart attack just three days before he was to leave his office as attorney general. He is interred at the Texas State Cemetery in Austin.[1] References1. ^1 Texas State Cemetery obituary {{s-start}}{{s-par|us-tx-sen}}{{s-bef | before= A.B Crawford}}{{s-ttl2. ^1 2 Handbook of Texas online 3. ^King, Michael, "Sharpstown v. Tomstown" The Austin Chronicle March 5, 2004. | title= Texas State Senator from District 12 (Hillsboro) | years= 1949–1963}}{{s-aft | rows=1 | after=J.P. Word }}{{succession box | before=Dorsey B. Hardeman | title=Texas Senate President Pro Tempore | years=1955 | after=Neveille H. Colson}}{{succession box | title=Secretary of State of Texas | before=P. Frank Lane | after=John Luke Hill, Jr. | years=1963–1966 }}{{s-legal}}{{succession box | title=Attorney General of Texas | before=Waggoner Carr | after=John Luke Hill, Jr. | years=1967–1972 }}{{s-end}}{{Texas Attorney General}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Martin, Crawford}} 18 : 1916 births|1972 deaths|Mayors of places in Texas|Texas state senators|Texas Attorneys General|Secretaries of State of Texas|Texas lawyers|Texas Democrats|People from Hillsboro, Texas|People from Austin, Texas|Hill College alumni|University of Texas at Austin alumni|Cumberland School of Law alumni|Burials at Texas State Cemetery|United States Coast Guard personnel|United States Coast Guard personnel of World War II|20th-century American lawyers|20th-century American politicians |
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