| 词条 | Crescentchest |
| 释义 |
| name = Melanopareia |image = Melanopareia torquata - Collared Crescentchest.JPG |image_caption = Collared crescentchest (Melanopareia torquata) | parent_authority = Ericson et al 2010 | taxon = Melanopareia | authority = L. Reichenbach, 1853 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = 4, see text }} The crescentchests are a genus, Melanopareia, of birds from South America. The genus has long been placed with the tapaculos in the Rhinocryptidae family. Their placement there has been questioned and in 2007 the genus was placed in its own family, Melanopareiidae, by the South American Classification Committee.[1] Subsequently, the family was accepted by the International Ornithological Congress Bird List and the Clements Checklist.[2][3] The family Melanopareiidae was formally erected in 2009.[4] The crescentchests range in length from {{convert|14|to(-)|16|cm|in|abbr=on}}, in weight from {{convert|16|to(-)|23|g|oz|abbr=on}} and have relatively long tails compared to the tapaculos. The plumage is striking with a distinctive band across the chest that gives the group their name.[5] The crescentchests are birds of arid scrub. They generally forage on the ground, but their diet has not yet been recorded. Two species, the collared crescentchest and olive-crowned crescentchest, are widely distributed across central and southern Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and northern Argentina. The double-collared crescentchest, which was recently split from the collared crescentchest, is found in eastern Bolivia, whilst the other two species, the elegant crescentchest and Marañón crescentchest, have a more restricted distribution in Peru and Ecuador.[5] Little is known about the behaviour of the crescentchests. The only species about which anything is known about the breeding behaviour is the olive-crowned crescentchest. That species is a seasonal breeder. The nest of that species is a 15 cm high cup made of vegetable fibres and palm fronds, hidden in grasses or low shrubs close to the ground. The clutch size is two to three eggs, the eggs are white with blotches or black spots.[5] No species of crescentchest is considered by the IUCN to be threatened by human activities, but the Marañón crescentchest is listed as near threatened. Although the species is apparently tolerant of some disturbance it has a tiny global range and is uncommon even within that range.[5] SpeciesThe genus contains the following five species:[6]
References1. ^Cadena, C (2006) Proposal #239) to South American Classification Committee: Remove Melanopareia from the Rhinocryptidae and create family Melanopareiidae {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516000914/http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCprop239.html |date=2008-05-16 }}. Downloaded 9 October 2008 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/n-antbirds.html|title=IOC World Bird List|last=IOC|year=2009|accessdate=29 December 2009}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/corrections/updates-corrections-dec-2009|title=Updates & Corrections – Dec 2009|last=Clements Checklist team|year=2009|work=The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World|accessdate=29 December 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127164734/http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/corrections/updates-corrections-dec-2009|archivedate=27 January 2010|df=}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Ericson|first=Per|last2=Olson |first2 = Storrs L. | last3= Irestedt | first3=Martin |last4 = Alvarenga | first4=Herculano |first5= Jon |last5=Fjeldså|year=2010|title=Circumscription of a monophyletic family for the tapaculos (Aves: Rhinocryptidae): Psiloramphus in and Melanopareia out |journal=Journal of Ornithology| volume = 151| issue = 2| pages = 337–345| doi = 10.1007/s10336-009-0460-9}} 5. ^1 2 3 Krabbe, N.K., and T.S. Schulenberg. (2003). Family Rhinocryptidae (Tapaculos), pp. 748 –788 in del Hoyo, J., A. Elliott & D.A. Christie, (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World Vol. 8.Broadbills to Tapaculos. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. {{ISBN|84-87334-50-4}} 6. ^{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2017 | title=Antthrushes, antpittas, gnateaters, tapaculos, crescentchests | work=World Bird List Version 8.1 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/antthrushes/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=4 February 2018 }} External links
2 : Melanopareia|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。