| 词条 | Crew's Hole, Bristol |
| 释义 |
|country = England |official_name= Crew's Hole |coordinates = {{coord|51.4592|-2.5411|display=inline,title}} |static_image_name= Quayside Village Bristol.jpg |static_image_caption= Quayside Village now occupies the site of the former tar works at Crew's Hole. |map_type= Bristol |civil_parish= |population = |unitary_england= Bristol |lieutenancy_england= |region= South West England |constituency_westminster= Bristol East |post_town= BRISTOL |postcode_district = BS5 |postcode_area= BS |dial_code= 0117 |os_grid_reference= ST625735 | label_position = left }} Crew's Hole is an area in east Bristol near St George. It is next to the River Avon, two miles upstream from Bristol Bridge.{{sfn|soci|2002|p=2}} From the early 18th century it began to be used extensively as an industrial area.[1] The Bristol Brass Company began copper smelting in 1810 at Crew's Hole, and later expanded with a chimney further uphill which gave a better draught condition for the furnaces.{{sfn|soci|2002|p=2}} Anthony Ammatt established a pottery at Crew's Hole in 1812, using clay transported from the Isle of Wight and Poole. Several bargeworks were built here during the 19th century.{{sfn|soci|2002|p=2}} A tar works site was established by Isambard Kingdom Brunel in 1843 at the bottom of Troopers Hill, known for its distinctive chimney.{{sfn|soci|2002|p=2}} It provided creosote to be used as a preservative for railway sleepers and by 1863 had passed into the ownership of Brunel's manager, William Butler.{{sfn|soci|2002|p=16}} At the turn of the 20th century, the works were used to manufacturer tarmac for roads, which became its main use.{{sfn|soci|2002|p=13}} British Steel Corporation (BSC) took over running of the tar works in 1970. Under their ownership, it expanded to be one of the most modern in Europe, allowing a continuous 24/7 production of creosote, road tar and smokeless fuel, among other products. {{sfn|soci|2002|p=14}} It continued to operate until 1981, by which time it had stopped producing road tar and become primarily a distillation unit. After closure, the works lay derelict for some years, until the area was redeveloped as Quayside Village in 1989.{{sfn|soci|2002|p=16}} Because Crew's Hole is adjacent to the River Avon, the area has been prone to flooding. Significant floods were recorded in 1894, 1960 and 1968.{{sfn|soci|2002|p=15}} ReferencesCitations1. ^{{cite journal|title=The industrial archaeology of the Bristol region|authors=Robert Angus Buchanan, Neil Cossons|p=154|publisher=David & Charles|year=1969}} Sources{{refbegin}}
|title=History of tar distillation at Crew's Hole |author=Raymond Holland |year=2002 |publisher=Society of Chemical Industry |id=123/2002 |issn=1353-114X |url=http://www.soci.org/~/media/Files/Conference%20Downloads/2002/Bristol%20Tar%20Distillation%202002/Bristol_tar_distillation_2002.ashx |ref={{harvid|soci|2002}} }}{{refend}} External links
1 : Areas of Bristol |
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