| 词条 | Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France) |
| 释义 |
|name=Croix de guerre 1939–1945 |image=Croix de Guerre 1939 France AVERS.jpg |image_size=120px |caption=1939–1945 War Cross with 2 silver-gilt (gold) stars |awarded_by={{Flagu|France}} |type= Bravery award |eligibility= |for= Military duty during World War II mentioned in dispatches |status= No longer awarded |description= |clasps=silver-gilt palm silver palm bronze palm silver-gilt star silver star bronze star |established= September 26, 1939 |first_award= |last_award= |total= |posthumous= |recipients= |individual= |higher=Croix de guerre 1914–1918 |same= |lower= Croix de guerre des TOE |image2= |caption2=Ribbon bar & streamer of the French Croix de guerre 1939–1945 }} The Croix de guerre 1939–1945 (War Cross 1939–1945) is a French military decoration, a version of the Croix de guerre created on September 26, 1939, to honour people who fought with the Allies against the Axis forces at any time during World War II. Award statuteDue to the large extent of the war zone, recipients included those who fought during, with, at, or in the following:[1]
Award descriptionMedalThe Croix de guerre was designed by the sculptor Paul-Albert Bartholomé. The medal is 37 mm in size and is in the shape of a Maltese cross with two swords criss-crossed through the center. In the center of the front, is the profile of the French Republic crested by a Phrygian cap. Around this portrait, are the words République française ("French Republic"). On the reverse of the medal are the dates of the conflict : 1939–1940, 1939–1945, or simply 1940.[1] RibbonDevicesOn every medal and ribbon, there is at least one ribbon device, either in the shape of a palm or of a star, and fashioned from either bronze, silver or gilded silver (gold). The relative importance of the six possible combinations is detailed below. The total number of devices on a "Croix de guerre" is not limited. Award gradesMentioned in DespatchesThe lowest degree is represented by a bronze star while the highest degree is represented by a bronze palm:[2]
The clasps are awarded for gallantry to any member of the French military or its allies and are, depending on the degree, roughly the equivalent for U.S. Bronze Star and Silver Star or UK Military Cross and Military Medal. See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|author=Marc Champenois |url=http://www.france-phaleristique.com/croix_guerre_1939-1945.htm |title=Croix de guerre 1939–1945 |publisher=France-phaleristique.com |date= |accessdate=1 November 2013 |language=French}} {{French medals}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Croix de guerre 1939-1945 (France)}}2. ^1 {{cite web|title=Croix De Guerre, France|url=http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Catalog/Heraldry.aspx?HeraldryId=15492&CategoryId=9399&grp=12&menu=Decorations%20and%20Medals&ps=24&p=0&hilite=Croix%20de%20Guerre|publisher=The Institute of Heraldry|accessdate=3 October 2017}} 4 : Military awards and decorations of France|Awards established in 1939|1939 establishments in France|Courage awards |
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