| 词条 | Croxton Abbey |
| 释义 |
| name = Croxton Abbey | image = Croxton Kerrial.JPG | alt = | caption = | full = | order = Premonstratensian | established = Land donated before 1159 Canons in residence from 1162 | disestablished = | mother = Newhouse Abbey | dedication = St John the Evangelist | diocese = Diocese of Lincoln | churches = *Ault Hucknall, Derbs
| founder = William, Count of Boulogne and Mortain | abbot = | prior = | people = *King John of England (reign: 1199 – 1216): His heart was buried within the abbey church. | location = Near Croxton Kerrial, Leicestershire, United Kingdom | map_type = Leicestershire | coordinates = {{coord|52|51|5.59|N|0|45|27.96|W|region:GB|display=inline,title}} | oscoor = | remains = | public_access = | other_info = }} Croxton Abbey, near Croxton Kerrial, Leicestershire, was a Premonstratensian monastery founded by William I, Count of Boulogne. HistoryCroxton Abbey was founded by William, Count of Boulogne and Mortain, who donated the land for the abbey and endowed it the advowsons of the church of Croxton Kerrial in Leicestershire, and the churches of Ault Hucknall and Lowne in Derbyshire. The donation of the land must have happened before the Count's death in 1159, however, canons were not resident until 1162. Croxton was under the control of their motherhouse, Newhouse Abbey in Lincolnshire.[1] Later donations brought Croxton the advowsons of the church of Sproxton and one half of the church of South Croxton, both in Leicestershire. The abbey also gained the advowsons of the churches of Mellinge and Tunstall in Lancashire. In the early 13th century Philip D'Aubigny donated the manor of Waltham-on-the-Wolds in Leicestershire, to the abbey.[1] For a short time the abbey also controlled several daughter houses: acquiring Blanchland Priory in Northumberland, Cockersand Priory in Lancashire, and Hornby Priory in Lancashire.[1] Cockersand was only under the Abbey's control for around 8 years until it was elevated to abbey status itself in 1192. Blanchland remained a daughter house until the 13th century, when it too became an independent abbey. Hornby Priory was the exception, and remained under Croxton until dissolution. In 1216 the Abbot of Croxton Abbey was summoned to Newark Castle where King John lay dying. The abbot heard the king's confession and, following his death, embalmed the king's body. King John's heart was buried in Croxton Abbey church. His son, King Henry III, later made a number of donations to the abbey in memory of his father.[1] The abbey suffered heavily in the 14th century. In June 1326 the abbey church, cloisters and some other buildings were burnt down, killing one canon. This, coupled with the devastation of the abbey's possessions in the North of England by Scottish raiders, led to the house being a staggering £2,000 in debt by 1348. Further misfortune was brought by the Black Death which killed all of the abbey's senior canons, except for the abbot and prior.[1] There were also gains during the 14th century, with the acquisition of the manor of Croxton Kerrial around 1335, the advowson of the church of Finedon, Northamptonshire, in 1346. Around 1362 Sir Andrew Louterel donated the manors of Bescaby and Saltby, both in Leicestershire.[1] Towards the end of monastic life at the abbey, there was a serious disagreement between its patron, Lord Berkeley, concerning the election for a new abbot which the patron tried to prevent by force until his demands for payment of £500 by the monastery were met. The election was finally allowed to occur, despite the refusal to pay this money. The new (and last) abbot of Croxton was however forced to pay £160, plus hand over a bond for a further £160. The dissolution and beyondThe abbey was dissolved in 1538, with the abbot and eighteen canons in residence. A private house on the site contains elements of a monastic building, probably part of the former guest house once used for wealthy visitors to the abbey. Otherwise, there are no visible remains. LayoutThe abbey church was a simple cruciform shape without aisles, {{convert|209|ft}} in length. In the 13th century a presbytery was added at the east end, extending the church to {{convert|209.5|ft}} in length. The abbey had a small cloister, a chapterhouse, kitchen, a refectory (frater) and a dormitory (dorter). A guest house was added in the 14th century.[2] Abbots of Croxton
See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 'House of Premonstratensian canons: The abbey of Croxton Kerrial', A History of the County of Leicestershire: Volume 2 (1954), pp. 28-31. Date accessed: 18 June 2013 2. ^R I Hanlon, "Croxton Abbey", Dec 1984
5 : Monasteries in Leicestershire|Premonstratensian monasteries in England|Christian monasteries established in the 12th century|12th-century establishments in England|Monasteries dissolved under the English Reformation |
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