| 词条 | Croydon (UK Parliament constituency) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Croydon |parliament = uk |map1 = |map2 = |map_entity = |map_year = |year = 1885 |abolished = 1918 |type = Borough |elects_howmany = One |previous = East Surrey (leaving its bulk, continued) |next = Croydon North and Croydon South |region = England |county = Surrey |towns = Croydon, Norbury, Coulsdon }} Croydon was a constituency in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 1885 to 1918. As with most in its lifetime following the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, it was a seat, that is it elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. It was won for all but three years by the Conservative candidate, the exception being the years 1906-1909 when that party, as a fellow Unionist party against Irish Home Rule and other devolution in a spell of widespread popular decline held a general meeting endorsing instead H. O. Arnold-Forster, a Liberal Unionist. His 3.2% victory against the candidate of the rest of the Liberal Party coupled with a 20.2% performance for Labour in Croydon which coincided with a Liberal landslide — the First Asquith ministry which brought in the fundamental constitutional reform of the Parliament Act 1911 after the delay for "the People's Budget" to be implemented.[1] He died in 1909 causing a by-election and his party, with its occasional candidates in the region, no longer stood for the Croydon seat nor its north/south successors after 1918. The Labour party fielded a candidate for the second time in the 1909 election, polling badly, winning about a fifth of the 1906 vote; the party fielded none in the 1910 elections for this seat. BoundariesThis seat was covered an area based on the town of Croydon. Croydon had been a Municipal Borough from 1883 and was to become a County Borough in 1889. By 1902, at the latest, the parliamentary and local government boroughs had the same boundaries. The Royal Commission on London Traffic, which reported in 1906, included the borough in its definition of Greater London. It is part of the northern section of the historic county of Surrey, which was included in Greater London after 1965. From 1918 Croydon was divided into two borough constituencies - Croydon North and Croydon South. HistoryThe constituency was close enough to London and built-up enough to be considered part of a greater London or "Metropolitan" area. A large part of the inhabitants of this constituency commuted to work in the City of London. It was however an area where attendance at Nonconformist chapels exceeded that at Anglican churches, according to the Daily News survey of 1902. By the time of the 1911 census more factories had been set up and a large artisan population had moved in so its core and north in particular was decidedly lower-income working-class. The constituency was in general Conservative, but less strongly so than many suburban commuter seats around London. The Labour Party secured 20% of the vote, in a three-way contest, in the 1906 election.
The seat being a parliamentary borough made for a lower level of election expenses permissible and the usual office/status for the returning officer. Members of Parliament
Election resultsElections in the 1880s{{Election box begin | title=General Election 1885: Croydon[2]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = William Grantham |votes =5,484 |percentage = 56.0 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Jabez Balfour |votes = 4,315 |percentage = 44.0 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 1,169 |percentage = 12.0 |change = N/A }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 9,799 |percentage = 77.7 |change = N/A }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 12,619 }}{{Election box new seat win |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}} Grantham resigned after being appointed a judge of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice, causing a by-election. {{Election box begin | title=By-election, 27 Jan 1886: Croydon[3]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Sidney Herbert |votes =5,205 |percentage = 53.9 |change = -2.1 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Sydney Buxton |votes = 4,458 |percentage = 46.1 |change = +2.1 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 747 |percentage = 7.8 |change = -4.2 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 9,663 |percentage = 76.6 |change = -1.1 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 12,619 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = -2.1 }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | title=General Election 1886: Croydon[4] }}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Sidney Herbert }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}} Herbert was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election. {{Election box begin | title=By-election, 11 Aug 1886: Croydon[5]}}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Sidney Herbert }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1890s{{Election box begin | title=General Election 1892: Croydon[6]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Sidney Herbert |votes =6,528 |percentage = 57.5 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Edward William Grimwade |votes = 4,834 |percentage = 42.5 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 1,694 |percentage = 15.0 |change = N/A }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 11,362 |percentage = 76.6 |change = N/A }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 14,837 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}} Herbert's succession to the peerage causes a by-election. {{Election box begin | title=Croydon by-election, May 1895[7]}}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Charles Ritchie }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}} Ritchie's appointment as President of the Board of Trade causes a by-election. {{Election box begin | title=Croydon by-election, July 1895[8]}}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Charles Ritchie }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | title=General Election 1895: Croydon[9] }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Charles Ritchie |votes =6,876 |percentage = 59.7 |change = +2.2 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Christopher Clarke Hutchinson |votes = 4,647 |percentage = 40.3 |change = −2.2 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 2,229 |percentage = 19.4 |change = +4.4 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 11,523 |percentage = 71.3 |change = −5.3 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 16,152 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = +2.2 }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1900s{{Election box begin | title=General Election 1900: Croydon[10]}}{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Charles Ritchie }}{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | title=General Election 1906: Croydon[11] }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Unionist Party |candidate = H. O. Arnold-Forster |votes =8,211 |percentage = 41.5 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Henry Charles Augustus Somerset |votes = 7,573 |percentage = 38.3 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Representation Committee (1900) |candidate = Sidney Stranks |votes = 4,007 |percentage = 20.2 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 638 |percentage = 3.2 |change = N/A }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 19,791 |percentage = 83.0 |change = N/A }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 23,858 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Liberal Unionist Party |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=Croydon by-election, 1909[12] }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Robert Hermon-Hodge |votes =11,989 |percentage = 57.4 |change = +15.9 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = John Raphael |votes = 8,041 |percentage = 38.4 |change = +0.1 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Frank Smith |votes = 886 |percentage = 4.2 |change = −15.8 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 3,948 |percentage = 19.0 |change = +15.8 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 20,916 |percentage = 79.0 |change = −4.0 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 26,470 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = +7.9 }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1910s{{Election box begin ||title=General Election January 1910: Croydon[13] }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Robert Hermon-Hodge |votes =12,223 |percentage = 51.9 |change = -5.5{{#if:note|{{#tag:ref|The change (swing) figures here are contrasting the by-election in the previous year, breaking with convention as the last party who stood at a General Election, some four years before, was the co-ticket of the Liberal Unionists and Conservatives, a Liberal Unionist rather than a Conservative; furthermore the Liberal Party only altered its vote between that general election and the by-election by 0.1% making use of the by-election statistics much fairer and informative to the two candidates making up the new slate/field.|name=note|group=n}}|{{#tag:ref|The change (swing) figures here are contrasting the by-election in the previous year, breaking with convention as the last party who stood at a General Election, some four years before, was the co-ticket of the Liberal Unionists and Conservatives, a Liberal Unionist rather than a Conservative; furthermore the Liberal Party only altered its vote between that general election and the by-election by 0.1% making use of the by-election statistics much fairer and informative to the two candidates making up the new slate/field.|group=n}}}} }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Arthur Lewis Leon |votes = 11,327 |percentage = 48.1 |change = +9.7{{#if:note|{{#tag:ref||name=note|group=n}}|{{#tag:ref||group=n}}}} }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 896 |percentage = 3.8 |change = N/A }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 23,550 |percentage = 86.1 |change = +3.1 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 27,350 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = +0.3 }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | |title=General Election December 1910: Croydon[14] }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Ian Malcolm |votes =11,875 |percentage = 53.4 |change = +1.5 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Arthur Lewis Leon |votes = 10,343 |percentage = 46.6 |change = −1.5 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 1,532 |percentage = 6.8 |change = +3.0 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 22,218 |percentage = 81.2 |change = −4.9 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 27,350 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = +1.5 }}{{Election box end}} General Election 1914/15: Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by the July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;
See also
References1. ^Murray, Bruce K. "The Politics of the ‘People's Budget’." Historical journal 16#3 (1973): 555-570. 2. ^British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig) 3. ^British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig) 4. ^British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig) 5. ^British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig) 6. ^British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig) 7. ^British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig) 8. ^British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig) 9. ^British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig) 10. ^British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig) 11. ^British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig) 12. ^British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig) 13. ^British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig) 14. ^British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)
5 : Politics of the London Borough of Croydon|Parliamentary constituencies in London (historic)|Parliamentary constituencies in South East England (historic)|United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies established in 1885|United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies disestablished in 1918 |
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