| 词条 | Culver PQ-14 Cadet | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Culver PQ-14 Cadet is a modified version of the Culver LFA Cadet used as a target drone. In 1940, the U.S. Army Air Corps drew up a requirement for a radio-controlled target drone for training anti-aircraft artillery gunners. The first aircraft in a series of target drones was a modification of the Culver LFA Cadet which eventually led to the PQ-14 series used throughout World War II and beyond. Design and developmentCulver proposed a modification of its civilian Model LFA Cadet which the Army purchased as the PQ-8. The success of the PQ-8 led to the development of the "NRD"; a single PQ-8 was converted to the new configuration and tested by the USAAF as the XPQ-14. Larger and faster than the PQ-8, the PQ-14 also had retractable landing gear and fuselage, wings and tail components made of wood with stressed plywood skin. This prototype was followed by YPQ-14A service test aircraft and 1,348 PQ-14A production models. Of the latter, 1,198 were transferred to the US Navy, which designated them as TD2C-1 with the decidedly unattractive name Turkey. The YPQ-14B was a slightly heavier variant; a total of 25 were produced before production shifted to the PQ-14B. A total of 594 PQ-14Bs served as target drones for the USAAF. A single PQ-14B was converted to use an O-300-9 engine and designated XPQ-14C. After World War II, the Culver company developed the XPQ-15 from their Model V light aircraft. After only four were delivered the company went bankrupt in 1946. Operational historyThe XPQ-14 was first flown in 1942 and began to be received in training units shortly after. The aircraft was flown unmanned, controlled by radio, but was flown by a pilot for ferry flights, utililizing a rudimentary control panel installed for that purpose and using their parachutes as a seat. Docile and easy to fly, the aircraft was finished in a bright red target color scheme although operationally, a silver or red finish was applied. Without a pilot they were flown from a "mother ship" aircraft. The typical mother ship was a Beech C-45. Despite their short lifespan, the aircraft performed well and the Franklin engine was considered "trouble-free".[1] Most of the Culver target aircraft were "blasted out of the sky" by Army anti-aircraft gunners but a dozen or more survived and were surplused after 1950. Flown as a recreational aircraft, their new owners found that the aircraft had a sprightly performance. One is preserved as a flying example at the Planes of Fame in Chino, California,[2] another is part of the collection at the National Museum of the United States Air Force and a third N5526A, that flew to airshows throughout the 1970s holding the last airworthiness certificate[3] is displayed at the Airpower Museum at Blakesburg, Iowa. Specifications (Culver PQ-14A){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=[4] |crew= One |capacity= |length main= 19 ft 6 in |length alt= 5.94 m |span main= 30 ft |span alt= 9.14 m |height main= 8 ft 4.5 in |height alt= 2.55 m |area main= |area alt= |airfoil= |empty weight main= |empty weight alt= |loaded weight main= 1,830 lb |loaded weight alt=830 kg |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= |max takeoff weight alt= |engine (prop)= Franklin 6ACT-298-35 6-cyl. air-cooled horizontally-opposed piston engine |number of props=1 |power main= 150 hp |power alt= 97 kW |power original= |max speed main= 185 mph |max speed alt= 300 km/h |cruise speed main=150 mph |cruise speed alt=241 km/h |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |range main= 512 mi |range alt= 823 km |ceiling main= 17,000 ft |ceiling alt= 5,184 m |climb rate main= |loading main= |loading alt= |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |more performance= |armament= |avionics= }} See also{{Portal|Military of the United States|United States Air Force|Aviation}}{{aircontent|related=
|similar aircraft= |lists= |see also= }} ReferencesNotes1. ^Mormillo 2001, p. 7. 2. ^Mormillo 2001, p. 7. 3. ^Air Trails, Winter 1971, p. 20. 4. ^Mormillo 2001, p. 6. Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
External links{{commons category|Culver PQ-14/TD2C}}
7 : Culver aircraft|United States civil utility aircraft 1940–1949|United States military utility aircraft 1940–1949|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Low-wing aircraft|Target drones of the United States|Aircraft first flown in 1942 |
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