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词条 Curtiss 18
释义

  1. Design and development

  2. Operational history

  3. Variants

  4. Operators

  5. Specifications (T-1)

  6. References

  7. External links

name = Curtiss 18-T Wasplogo =image = Curtiss18T1.jpgcaption =

}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type

type = twoseat fighter triplanemanufacturer = Curtiss Engineering Corporationdesigner = Charles B. Kirkhamfirst flight = 7 May 1918introduction = February 1919retired = status = primary user = United States Navymore users = produced = number built =unit cost = $55,400[1]developed from = variants with their own articles =
}}

The Curtiss 18T, unofficially known as the Wasp and by the United States Navy as the Kirkham,[3] was an early American triplane fighter aircraft designed by Curtiss Engineering for the US Navy.

Design and development

The Curtiss 18T was intended to protect bombing squads along the French coast, and a primary requisite for this job was speed. Speed was not the triplane's only salient feature: an 18T-2 set a new altitude record in 1919 of {{convert|34910|ft|m|abbr=on}}.[4] The streamlined and very "clean" fuselage contributed to the aircraft's performance. The basic construction was based on cross-laminated strips of wood veneer formed on a mold and attached to the inner structure. The technique was a refinement of that used on the big Curtiss flying boats.[5]

Operational history

Flown by Roland Rholfs, the 18T achieved a world speed record of 163 mph (262 km/h) in August 1918 carrying a full military load of 1,076 lb (488 kg).[6]

The Model 18T-2 was an improved version of its predecessor, boosting 50 additional horsepower. The wings of the new model were swept back. It was also {{convert|5|ft|cm|abbr=on}} longer with a {{convert|9|ft|cm|abbr=on}} longer two-bay wing, though its flight ceiling was {{convert|2000|ft|m|abbr=on}} lower.

After World War I, it was employed as a racing plane: an 18T-2 nearly won the Curtiss Marine Trophy Race in 1922 (limited to U.S. Navy pilots), but pilot Sandy Sanderson ran out of fuel just before the finish line.[7]

Curtiss Engineering followed the success of the Model 18T with the launch of the Model 18B, unofficially known as the "Hornet", built to otherwise similar specifications.

Variants

Model 18T or 18T-1
Two-seat fighter triplane with single-bay wings, powered by a 400-hp (298-kW) Curtiss-Kirkham K-12 piston engine. Referred to by the US Navy as the "Kirkham". Originally designated 18T, the type was redesignated the 18T-1 when the prototype was modified to a new configuration designated 18T-2 (see below).
Model 18T-2
18T with longer-span two-bay wings. Could be fitted with floatplane or landplane landing gear.
Model 18B
Biplane fighter version, known unofficially as the "Hornet". Sole flying prototype of Curtiss 18B, USAAS 40058, 'P-86', crashed early in flight trials at McCook Field, Dayton, Ohio, summer 1919. Type not ordered into production. One non-flying prototype also delivered for static testing.[8]

Operators

{{USA}}
  • United States Navy

Specifications (T-1)

{{aircraft specifications
|plane or copter?=plane
|jet or prop?=prop
|ref=Curtiss Aircraft 1907–1947[9]
|crew=2
|length main=23 ft 4 in
|length alt=7.11 m
|span main=32 ft 10 in
|span alt=9.75 m
|height main=10 ft 2 in
|height alt=3.09 m
|area main=288 sq ft
|area alt=26.75 m2
|empty weight main = 1,980 lb
|empty weight alt = 898 kg
|loaded weight main= 3,050 lb
|max takeoff weight alt= 1,383 kg
|engine (prop)=Curtiss K-12
|type of prop=water-cooled 12-cylinder vee engine
|number of props=1
|power main= 400 hp
|power alt= 298 kW
|max speed main=163 mph
|max speed alt=142 knots, 262 km/h
|endurance=5.9 hr
|ceiling main= 23,000 ft
|ceiling alt= 7,010 m
|more performance=*Climb to 12,500 ft (3,800 m): 10 min
|guns=

Primary: 2 × forward-firing synchronized .30 in (7.62 mm) Marlin guns

Secondary: 2 × rear-cockpit .30 in Lewis guns on a Scarff ring, 1 × Lewis gun firing through aperture in aircraft's belly[10]


}}{{aircontent
|related=
|similar aircraft=
|lists=
|see also=
}}

References

Notes
1. ^Angelucci 1987, pp. 114–115.
2. ^http://home.att.net/~jbaugher/1908-1920.html
3. ^PART 2 Test of Strength 1917­1919 {{webarchive |url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20101203214154/http%3A//www%2Ehistory%2Enavy%2Emil/avh%2D1910/PART02%2EPDF |date=December 3, 2010 }} Retrieved: 13 January 2011.
4. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=kG3Ub6cgalMC&pg=PA2508&lpg=PA2508&dq=%22curtiss+18+t%22&source=web&ots=-ucmK0P817&sig=4SxsCYKHwhs4N-6Uphu_vpuT_yc Naval investigation, hearings before the subcommittee of the Committee on Naval Affairs.] Washington: United States Senate, 66th Congress, 2d session, 1921. Retrieved: 13 January 2011.
5. ^"Curtiss # to J." aerofiles.com. Retrieved: 13 January 2011.
6. ^"Aviation History Facts: August 1." {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930031007/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/user/fact_aug.htm |date=2007-09-30 }} Centennial of Flight, 2003. Retrieved: 13 January 2011.
7. ^Berliner, Don. "A Concise History of Air Racing." Society of Air Racing Historians, 9 January 2007. Retrieved: 13 January 2011.
8. ^Green, William, and Swanborough, Gordon, "Fighter A To Z", Air International, Bromley, Kent, UK, February 1976, Volume 10, Number 2, page 98.
9. ^Bowers 1979, p. 143.
10. ^Bowers 1979, p. 139.
Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
  • Angelucci, Enzo and Peter Bowers. The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft from 1917 to the Present. New York: Orion Books, 1985. {{ISBN|0-517-56588-9}}.
  • Bowers, Peter M. Curtiss Aircraft 1907–1947. London: Putnam, 1979. {{ISBN|0-370-10029-8}}.
  • "The Curtiss Model 18-T Triplane." Flight, Volume XI, Issue 22, No. 544, 29 May 1919, pp. 698–700.
  • "The Curtiss Model 18-B Biplane." Volume XI, Issue 28, No. 550, 10 July 1919, pp. 902–904.
  • Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. The Complete Book of Fighters. New York: Salamander, 1994. {{ISBN|0-8317-3939-8}}.
{{refend}}

External links

{{commons category|Curtiss 18}}
  • No. 8901. Curtiss 18-T-2 Wasp (A-3325) US Navy
{{Curtiss aircraft}}

5 : United States fighter aircraft 1910–1919|Curtiss aircraft|Triplanes|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1918
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