| 词条 | Cutback Amendment |
| 释义 |
The Cutback Amendment is an amendment to the Illinois Constitution that abolished multi-member districts in the Illinois House of Representatives and the process of cumulative voting.[1] Before the amendment Illinois voters could vote three times for one candidate or spread their votes between two or three candidates. Three members were elected per district. When the Cutback Amendment was approved in 1980, the total number of House representatives was reduced from 177 to 118. The movement to pass the bill was largely led by Pat Quinn and Bus Yourell.[2] The amendment was passed via a referendum and popularly seen as a way to punish the legislature for voting itself a 40% raise.[3] Calls for repealSince the adoption of the Cutback Amendment, there have been proposals by some major political figures in Illinois to bring back multi-member districts. A task force led by former governor Jim Edgar and former federal judge Abner Mikva issued a report in 2001 calling for the revival of cumulative voting,[4] in part because it appears that such a system increases the representation of racial minorities in elected office.[5] The Chicago Tribune editorialized in 1995 that the multi-member districts elected with cumulative voting produced better legislators.[6] Others have argued that the now-abandoned system provided for greater "stability" in the lower house.[7] References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://illinoisissues.uis.edu/features/2004oct/retro2.html |title=Cutback Amendment |work=Illinois Issues |date=November 1980 |accessdate=2008-05-08}} {{illinois-stub}}2. ^{{cite web|last1=Schaller|first1=Robert|title=The 'Cutback Amendment' and diversity in the House|pages=9-10|work=Illinois Issues|volume=6|issue=11|ISSN=0738-9663|publisher=Sangamon State University|url=https://www.lib.niu.edu/1980/ii801109.html}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://ma.fairvote.org/illinois-drives-to-revive-cumulative-voting/|title=Illinois drives to revive cumulative voting|date=April 21, 2006|accessdate=2010-06-20|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120710125835/http://ma.fairvote.org/illinois-drives-to-revive-cumulative-voting/|archivedate=July 10, 2012|df=}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://archive.fairvote.org/?page=512 |title=FairVote - Illinois' Drive to Revive Cumulative Voting |publisher=Archive.fairvote.org |date= |accessdate=2015-06-01}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://archive.fairvote.org/?page=419 |title=FairVote - Black Representation Under Cumulative Voting in Illinois |publisher=Archive.fairvote.org |date= |accessdate=2015-06-01}} 6. ^{{cite web|last=Farrell |first=John |url=http://www.newrules.org/governance/rules/proportional-representation/cumulative-voting-illinois |title=Cumulative Voting – Illinois | Institute for Local Self-Reliance |publisher=Newrules.org |date= |accessdate=2015-06-01}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/illlr32&div=13&id=&page= |title=32 Illinois Law Review 1937-1938 Cumulative Voting in Illinois |publisher=Heinonline.org |date= |accessdate=2015-06-01}} 2 : Illinois law|Illinois General Assembly |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。