| 释义 |
- Classification
- Comparison
- Solubility
- See also
- References
- External links
Cytokine receptors are receptors that bind cytokines[1]. In recent years, the cytokine receptors have come to demand the attention of more investigators than cytokines themselves, partly because of their remarkable characteristics, and partly because a deficiency of cytokine receptors has now been directly linked to certain debilitating immunodeficiency states. In this regard, and also because the redundancy and pleiotropy of cytokines are a consequence of their homologous receptors, many authorities are now of the opinion that a classification of cytokine receptors would be more clinically and experimentally useful. ClassificationA classification of cytokine receptors based on their three-dimensional structure has been attempted. (Such a classification, though seemingly cumbersome, provides several unique perspectives for attractive pharmacotherapeutic targets.) - Type I cytokine receptors, whose members have certain conserved motifs in their extracellular amino-acid domain. The IL-2 receptor belongs to this chain, whose γ-chain (common to several other cytokines) deficiency is directly responsible for the x-linked form of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (X-SCID).
- Type II cytokine receptors, whose members are receptors mainly for interferons.
- Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, which are ubiquitously present throughout several cells and tissues of the vertebrate body
- Tumor necrosis factor receptor family, whose members share a cysteine-rich common extracellular binding domain, and includes several other non-cytokine ligands like receptors, CD40, CD27 and CD30, besides the ligands on which the family is named (TNF).
- Chemokine receptors, two of which acting as binding proteins for HIV (CXCR4 and CCR5). They are G protein coupled receptors.
- TGF-beta receptor family, which are Serine/threonine kinase receptors. Includes the TGF beta receptors
Comparison| Type | Examples | Structure | Mechanism | type I cytokine receptor- Type 1 interleukin receptors
- Erythropoietin receptor
- GM-CSF receptor
- G-CSF receptor
- growth hormone receptor
- prolactin receptor
- Oncostatin M receptor
- Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor
| Certain conserved motifs in their extracellular amino-acid domain. Connected to Janus kinase (JAK) family of tyrosine kinases. Many have a FN-III superfamily domain and an immunoglobulin-like fold. | JAK phosphorylate and activate downstream proteins involved in their signal transduction pathways |
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type II cytokine receptor- Type II interleukin receptors
- interferon-alpha/beta receptor
- interferon-gamma receptor
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Many members of the immunoglobulin superfamily- Interleukin-1 receptor
- CSF1
- C-kit receptor
- Interleukin-18 receptor
| Share structural homology with immunoglobulins (antibodies), cell adhesion molecules, and even some cytokine. Includes with the two classes above. |
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Tumor necrosis factor receptor family- CD27
- CD30
- CD40
- CD120
- Lymphotoxin beta receptor
| cysteine-rich common extracellular binding domain |
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chemokine receptors- Interleukin-8 receptor
- CCR1
- CXCR4
- MCAF receptor
- NAP-2 receptor
| Seven transmembrane helix, rhodopsin-like receptor[2] | G protein-coupled |
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TGF-beta receptor family- TGF beta receptor 1
- TGF beta receptor 2
| Serine/threonine kinase receptors | Dimeric TGFBR2 binds to TGFB and phosphorylates TGFBR1, which phosphorylates the SMADs. See TGF beta signaling pathway. |
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SolubilityCytokine receptors may be both membrane-bound and soluble. Soluble cytokine receptors are extremely common regulators of cytokine function. Soluble cytokine receptors typically consist of the extracellular portions of membrane-bound receptors. .[3] See alsoReferences1. ^{{cite book|last1=Brooks|first1=Andrew J.|last2=Dehkhoda|first2=Farhad|last3=Kragelund|first3=Birthe B.|title=Principles of Endocrinology and Hormone Action|date=2017|publisher=Springer International Publishing|isbn=9783319273181|pages=1–29|language=en|chapter=Cytokine Receptors|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-27318-1_8-2}}
2. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Arimont A, Sun S, Smit MJ, Leurs R, de Esch IJ, de Graaf C | title = Structural Analysis of Chemokine Receptor-Ligand Interactions | journal = J Med Chem | volume = 60 | issue = 12 | pages = 4735–4779 | year = 2017 | pmid = 28165741 | pmc = 5483895 | doi = 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01309}}
3. ^{{cite journal | author=Heaney ML1, Golde DW | title=Soluble receptors in human disease | journal=Journal of Leukocyte Biology | volume=64 | issue=2 | year=1998 | pages=135–146 | url=http://www.jleukbio.org/content/64/2/135.long | id= | pmid=9715251}}
External links- [https://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?map04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction map] from KEGG
- {{MeshName|Cytokine+receptors}}
{{Cytokine receptors}}{{Cytokine receptor modulators}}{{Portal bar|Molecular and cellular biology}}{{membrane-protein-stub}}{{receptor-stub}} 1 : Cytokine receptors |