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词条 Czech Republic and the euro
释义

  1. History

     European Union accession and 2000s  2010s 

  2. Euro use

  3. Opinion polls

     Eurobarometer chart 

  4. Adoption status

  5. See also

  6. Notes

  7. References

{{Euro accession map}}

The Czech Republic is bound to adopt the euro in the future and to join the eurozone once it has satisfied the euro convergence criteria by the Treaty of Accession since it joined the European Union (EU) in 2004. The Czech Republic is therefore a candidate for the enlargement of the eurozone and it uses the Czech koruna as its currency, regulated by the Czech National Bank, a member of the European System of Central Banks, and does not participate in European Exchange Rate Mechanism II (ERM II).

Although the Czech Republic is economically well positioned to adopt the euro, following the European debt crisis there has been considerable opposition among the public to the adoption of the euro currency.[1] According to a poll conducted in April 2017, 29% of Czechs were in favour of introducing the euro while 70% were opposed and 1% undecided.[2] {{as of|2017}}, there is no target date by the government for joining the ERM II or adopting the euro.[2] The ruling cabinet that was formed following the 2017 legislative election does not plan to proceed with euro adoption within its term.[4]

History

European Union accession and 2000s

{{See also|2004 enlargement of the European Union}}

The European Union membership referendum in 2003 approved the country's accession with 77.3% in favour, and in 2004 the Czech Republic joined the EU.[3]

Since joining the EU in May 2004, the Czech Republic has adopted fiscal and monetary policies that aim to align its macroeconomic conditions with the rest of the European Union. Initially, the Czech Republic planned to adopt the euro as its official currency in 2010, however evaluations in 2006 found this date to be unlikely and the target date was postponed indefinitely. In February 2007, the Finance Minister said 2012 was a "realistic" date,[7] but by November 2007 this was said to be too soon.[8] In August 2008, an assessment said that adoption was not expected before 2015 due to political reluctance on the subject.[9] However, in October 2009, the then Finance Minister, Eduard Janota, stated that 2015 was no longer realistic.[10] In June 2008, the Central bank governor Zdeněk Tůma speculated about 2019.[11]

In late 2010 a discussion arose within the Czech government, partially initiated by then President Václav Klaus, a well known eurosceptic, over negotiating an opt-out from joining the eurozone. Czech Prime Minister Petr Nečas later stated that no opt-out was required because the Czech Republic could not be forced to join the ERM II and thus could decide if or when to fulfil one of the necessary criteria to join the eurozone, an approach similar to the one taken by Sweden. Nečas also stated that his cabinet would not decide upon joining the euro during its term.[12][13]

2010s

The European debt crisis further decreased the Czech Republic's interest in joining the eurozone.[4] Nečas said that since the conditions governing the eurozone had significantly changed since their accession treaty was ratified, he believed that Czechs should be able to decide by a referendum whether to join the eurozone under the new terms.[15] One of the government's junior coalition parties, TOP09, was opposed to a euro referendum.[5][6]

In April 2013, the Czech Ministry of Finance stated in its Convergence Programme delivered to the European Commission that the country had not yet set a target date for euro adoption and would not apply for ERM II membership in 2013. Their goal was to limit their time as an ERM II member, prior to acceding to the eurozone, to as brief a period as possible.[7] On 29 May 2013 Miroslav Singer, the Governor of the Czech National Bank (the Czech Republic's central bank) stated that in his professional opinion the Czech Republic will not adopt the euro before 2019.[8] In December 2013, the Czech government approved a recommendation from the Czech National Bank and Ministry of Finance against setting a formal target date for euro adoption or joining ERM II in 2014.[9]

Miloš Zeman, who was elected President of the Czech Republic in early 2013, supports euro adoption by the Czech Republic, though he also advocates a referendum on the decision.[10][11] Shortly after taking office in March 2013, Zeman suggested that the Czech Republic would not be ready for the switch for at least five years.[12] Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka, from the Social Democrats, stated on 25 April 2013, prior to his party's election victory that October, that he was "convinced that the government that will be formed after next year's election should set the euro entry date" and that "1 January 2020 could be a date to look at".[13][14] Shortly after being sworn into the new Cabinet in January 2014, Czech Foreign Minister Lubomír Zaorálek stated that the country should join the eurozone as soon as possible.[15] The opposition TOP 09 had also run on a platform in the 2013 parliamentary election, that called for the Czech Republic to adopt the euro between 2018 and 2020.[16] In line with this, the governor of the Czech National Bank, having an advisory role towards the government about the timing of euro adoption, described 2019 as the earliest possible euro entry date.[17]

In April 2014, the Czech Ministry of Finance clarified in its Convergence Programme delivered to the European Commission, that the country had not yet set a target date for euro adoption and would not apply for ERM-II membership in 2014. Their goal was to limit their time as an ERM-II member, prior to acceding to the eurozone, to as brief a period as possible. Moreover, it was the opinion of the previous government that: "the fiscal problems of the eurozone, together with continued difficulty to predict the development of the monetary union, do not create a favorable environment for the future adoption of the euro."[18]

Zeman stated in June 2014 that he hoped his country would adopt the euro as soon as 2017, arguing that adoption would be beneficial for the Czech economy overall.[19] The opposition ODS party responded by running a campaign for Czechs to sign an anti-euro petition, handed over to the Czech Senate in November 2014, but viewed by political commentators as not having any impact on changing the government's policy to adopt the euro in the medium-term without holding a referendum on it.[20]

In December 2014, the Czech government approved a joint recommendation from the Czech National Bank and Ministry of Finance, against setting a formal target date for euro adoption or joining ERM-II during the course of 2015.[21] In March 2015, the ruling Czech Social Democratic Party adopted a policy of striving to gather political support to adopt the euro by 2020.[22] In April 2015, the coalition government announced it had agreed to not set a euro adoption target and not to enter ERM-2 until after the next legislative election scheduled for 2017, making it unlikely that the Czech Republic will adopt the euro before 2020. In addition, the coalition government agreed that if it wins re-election it would set a deadline of 2020 to agree on a specific euro adoption roadmap.[23] In June 2015, finance minister Andrej Babiš suggested a nonbinding public referendum on euro adoption.[24] The Andrej Babiš' Cabinet that was formed following the 2017 legislative election does not plan to proceed with euro adoption within its term.[25]

Euro use

Selected chain stores in the Czech Republic accept payments in euro cash, and return change in Czech koruna.[26]

Opinion polls

The following are polls on the question whether the Czech Republic should abolish the koruna and adopt the euro currency.

Date (survey taken) Date (when published) YesNoUndecided Conducted by
September 2004 October 2004 52% 48% 0% Eurobarometer[27]
September 2005 November 2005 49% 51% 0% Eurobarometer[28]
December 2005 January 2011 44% 56% 0% STEM[40]
April 2006 June 2006 56% 44% 0% Eurobarometer[29]
June 2006 January 2011 46% 54% 0% STEM[40]
September 2006 November 2006 56% 44% 0% Eurobarometer[30]
November 2006 January 2011 47% 53% 0% STEM[40]
April 2007 November 2007 57% 43% 0% Eurobarometer[45]
September 2007 November 2007 56% 44% 0% Eurobarometer[45]
May 2008 July 2008 54% 46% 0% Eurobarometer[31]
May 2009 2009 61% 39% 0% Eurobarometer[32]
September 2009 2009 48% 52% 0% Eurobarometer[33]
September 2010 January 2011 30% 70% 0% STEM[40]
September 2010 December 2010 41% 59% 0% Eurobarometer[34]
January 2011 2011 22% 78% 0% STEM[40]
May 2011 August 2011 33% 67% 0% Eurobarometer[35]
November 2011 July 2012 13% 82% 5% Eurobarometer[36]
April 2012 July 2012 13% 81% 6% Eurobarometer[37]
April 2013 June 2013 14% 80% 6% Eurobarometer[38]
April 2014 June 2014 16% 77% 7% Eurobarometer[39]
April 2015 May 2015 24% 69% 7% CVVM[40]
April 2015 May 2015 29% 70% 1% Eurobarometer
April 2016 May 2016 17% 78% 5% CVVM[41]
April 2016 May 2016 29% 70% 1% Eurobarometer[42]
April 2017 May 2017 21% 72% 7% CVVM[43]
April 2017 May 2017 29% 70% 1% Eurobarometer[44]
April 2018 May 2018 20% 73% 7% CVVM[45]
April 2018 May 2018 33% 66% 1% Eurobarometer[46]
{{clear}}

Eurobarometer chart

Public support for the euro in the Czech Republic by each Eurobarometer survey[
//#47'>47]
{{Graph:Chart|width=1000|height=200|type=line|xType=date|xAxisFormat=%m/%Y|x=2004-02-01,2004-10-01,2005-05-01,2005-10-01,2006-03-01,2006-09-01,2007-04-01,2007-09-01,2008-03-01,2008-10-01,2009-06-01,2009-10-01,2010-05-01,2010-11-01,2011-05-01,2011-11-01,2012-05-01,2012-11-01,2013-05-01,2013-11-01,2014-05-01,2014-11-01,2015-05-01,2015-11-01,2016-05-01,2016-11-01,2017-05-01,2017-11-01|y=56,60,63,60,57,60,60,53,53,53,51,55,36,41,28,22,24,22,25,26,24,25,22,20,21,25,20,22|yAxisMin=0|yAxisMax=100|yAxisTitle=%|xAxisTitle=Date}}{{clear}}

Adoption status

The 1992 Maastricht Treaty originally required that all members of the European Union join the euro once certain economic criteria are met. The Czech Republic meets two of five conditions for joining the euro {{as of|2018|May|lc=y}}; their inflation rate, not being a member of the European exchange rate mechanism and the incompatibility of its domestic legislation are the conditions not met.

{{trim|{{Euro convergence criteria|TOP}}}}{{trim|{{Euro convergence criteria (2012)|REF}}}}{{trim|{{Euro convergence criteria (2012)|CZE}}}}{{trim|{{Euro convergence criteria (2013)|REF}}}}{{trim|{{Euro convergence criteria (2013)|CZE}}}}{{trim|{{Euro convergence criteria (2014)|REF}}}}{{trim|{{Euro convergence criteria (2014)|CZE}}}}{{trim|{{Euro convergence criteria (2016)|REF}}}}{{trim|{{Euro convergence criteria (2016)|CZE}}}}{{trim|{{Euro convergence criteria (2018)|REF}}}}{{trim|{{Euro convergence criteria (2018)|CZE}}}}{{trim|{{Euro convergence criteria|BOT}}}}

See also

{{Portal|Czech Republic|Money|Euro}}

Notes

{{notes
| notes ={{efn|name=status|{{Kosovo-note}}}}
}}

References

1. ^{{cite press release|url=https://www.sparkasse.at/sPortal/sportal.portal;jsessionid=qhHSJ0FRvFSBNdNpZkKJVhvhHLJD4v1T2d1BG3Gcyj82vJYTDKm3!76983841?_nfpb=true&_windowLabel=LABEL_MAIN&_urlType=action&LABEL_MAIN_sh=181fe8bb390eeff395532e7956f3e368&LABEL_MAIN_action=content.main&LABEL_MAIN_OVERRULEREFRESHBACK=true&LABEL_MAIN_event=changeMain&LABEL_MAIN_chronicleId=%2Febgroup_en_0196%2FChannels%2FPress%2F2008%2F2.QU%2Feb_pi_en_20080508_next_main_Images.akp&LABEL_MAIN_zz=41235.36447435065&LABEL_MAIN_pc=1&_pageLabel=GRID02&cci=09002ee2805dab70&desk=ebgroup_en_0196&navigationId=012130649753268001119092& |title=Euros in the wallets of the Slovaks, but who will be next? |publisher=Sparkasse.at |date=2008-08-05 |accessdate=2008-12-21}}
2. ^Vláda přijala doporučení MF a ČNB zatím nestanovit cílové datum přijetí eura. (Czech) Ministry of Finance (Czech Republic). zavedenieura.cz.
3. ^Direct Democracy. sudd.ch
4. ^{{Cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE65F15Z20100616 | title=Czechs, Poles cooler to euro as they watch debt crisis |agency=Reuters | date = 16 June 2010 |accessdate=18 June 2010}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.radio.cz/en/section/curraffrs/czechs-deeply-divided-on-eus-fiscal-union|title=Czechs deeply divided on EU’s fiscal union|publisher=Radio Praha|date=19 January 2012}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://praguemonitor.com/2012/01/20/formin-euro-referendum-casts-doubt-czech-pledge-eu|title=ForMin: Euro referendum casts doubt on Czech pledges to EU|publisher=Prague Daily Monitor|date=20 January 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201154357/http://praguemonitor.com/2012/01/20/formin-euro-referendum-casts-doubt-czech-pledge-eu|archivedate=1 February 2014|deadurl=yes|df=}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/economic_governance/sgp/pdf/20_scps/2013/01_programme/cz_2013-04-26_cp_en.pdf|title=Convergence Programme of the Czech Republic (April 2013)|format=PDF|publisher=Ministry of Finance (Czech Republic)|date=26 April 2013|accessdate=30 April 2013}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://byznys.ihned.cz/c1-59964150-cesko-neprijme-euro-drive-nez-v-roce-2019-predpoklada-guverner-cnb-singer|title=Česko nepřijme euro dříve než v roce 2019, předpokládá guvernér ČNB Singer (Czech not adopt the euro earlier than in 2019, assumed CNB Governor Singer)|language=Czech|publisher=Hospodářské Noviny iHNed|date=29 May 2013}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cnb.cz/en/public/media_service/press_releases_cnb/2013/20131218_sladenost_maastricht_eurozona.html|title=CNB and MoF recommend not to set euro adoption date yet|date=2013-12-18|accessdate=2013-12-24|publisher=Czech National Bank}}
10. ^{{cite news | url = http://praguemonitor.com/2013/02/12/t%C3%BDden-future-clear-diplomatic-myths-about-new-president | title = Týden: Future to clear up diplomatic myths about new president | publisher = Prague Daily Monitor | date = 2013-02-12 | accessdate = 2013-02-15 }}
11. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/01/world/europe/czechs-split-deeply-over-joining-the-euro.html | title = Czechs Split Deeply Over Joining the Euro | first = Dan | last = Bilefsky | work = The New York Times | date = 2013-03-01 }}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.europolitics.info/economy-monetary-affairs/new-czech-president-will-approve-esm-art349127-50.html|title=New Czech president will approve ESM|date=2013-03-11|accessdate=2013-03-11}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/26/us-czech-euro-idUSBRE93P0ET20130426|title=Skeptical Czechs may be pushed to change tone on euro|publisher=Reuters|date=26 April 2013|accessdate=30 April 2013}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/17/us-czech-government-idUSBREA0G12L20140117|title=Czech center-left leader becomes PM, seeking closer EU ties|date=2014-01-17|accessdate=2014-01-17|publisher=Reuters|last1=Lopatka|first1=Jan|last2=Muller|first2=Robert}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.praguepost.com/economy/36276-zaoralek-adopt-euro-asap|title=Zaorálek: Adopt euro ASAP|date=2014-01-30|accessdate=2014-02-01|publisher=The Prague Post}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://eu.cianews.cz/english-news/top-09-starts-election-campaign-744780/|title=TOP 09 starts election campaign |date=2013-09-12|accessdate=2013-09-26}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.radio.cz/en/section/business/incoming-government-more-positive-on-euro-adoption|title=Incoming government more positive on euro-adoption|publisher=Radio Praha|date=27 January 2014}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/pdf/csr2014/cp2014_czech_cs.pdf|title=Convergence Programme of the Czech Republic (April 2014)|format=PDF|language=Czech|publisher=Ministry of Finance (Czech Republic)|date=28 April 2014}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/czech-economy-euro.wm9|title=Czech president sees euro adoption by 2017|publisher=EU business|date=11 June 2014}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.radio.cz/en/section/business/over-40000-czechs-sign-anti-euro-petition|title=Over 40,000 Czechs sign anti-euro petition|publisher=Radio Praha|date=11 November 2014}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cnb.cz/en/public/media_service/press_releases_cnb/2014/20141215_sladenost_maastricht_eurozona.html|title=CNB and MoF recommend not to set euro adoption date yet|publisher=Czech National Bank|date=15 December 2014}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.novinky.cz/domaci/364251-euro-za-pet-let-nemocenska-prvni-tri-dny-duchody-cssd-predstavila-priority.html|title=Euro in five years, sick leave first three days, pensions. CSSD presented its priorities. (Euro za pět let, nemocenská první tři dny, důchody. ČSSD představila priority)|language=Czech|publisher=novinky.cz|date=14 March 2015}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bne.eu/content/story/czech-government-sets-target-agreeing-euro-adoption-process-2020|title=Czech government sets target of agreeing euro adoption process by 2020|publisher=IntelliNews|date=28 April 2015}}
24. ^[https://www.wsj.com/articles/czech-finance-minister-proposes-referendum-on-the-euro-1433102215 Czech Finance Minister Proposes Referendum on the Euro]. The Wall Street Journal.
25. ^1 Jaroslav Bukovský. Vstoupit do eurozóny? Až bude euro za dvacet korun, shodli se Babiš s Rusnokem. Published on 5 December 2017.
26. ^http://www.czech.cz/en/Tourism/FAQ
27. ^September 2004 Eurobarometer report
28. ^September 2005 Eurobarometer report
29. ^March April 2006 Eurobarometer report
30. ^September 2006 Eurobarometer report
31. ^May 2008 Eurobarometer report
32. ^May 2009 Eurobarometer report
33. ^September 2009 Eurobarometer report
34. ^2010 Eurobarometer report
35. ^2011 May Eurobarometer report
36. ^2011 November Eurobarometer report
37. ^2012 Eurobarometer report
38. ^2013 Eurobarometer report
39. ^2014 Eurobarometer report
40. ^[https://cvvm.soc.cas.cz/cz/tiskove-zpravy/politicke/mezinarodni-vztahy/1890-obcane-o-prijeti-eura-a-dopadech-vstupu-cr-do-eu-duben-2015?highlight=WyJwXHUwMTU5aWpldFx1MDBlZCIsImV1cmEiLDIwMTUsInBcdTAxNTlpamV0XHUwMGVkIGV1cmEiXQ== CVVM report 2015]
41. ^[https://cvvm.soc.cas.cz/cz/tiskove-zpravy/politicke/mezinarodni-vztahy/2047-obcane-cr-o-budoucnosti-eu-a-prijeti-eura-duben-2016 CVVM report 2016]
42. ^[https://ec.europa.eu/info/files/flash-eurobarometer-440-april-2016-reports-0_en 2016 Eurobarometer report]
43. ^[https://cvvm.soc.cas.cz/cz/tiskove-zpravy/politicke/mezinarodni-vztahy/4329-obcane-cr-o-budoucnosti-eu-a-prijeti-eura-duben-2017 CVVM report 2017]
44. ^1 2017 Eurobarometer report overview, 2017 Eurobarometer report summary
45. ^[https://cvvm.soc.cas.cz/cz/tiskove-zpravy/politicke/mezinarodni-vztahy/4622-obcane-cr-o-budoucnosti-eu-a-prijeti-eura-duben-2018 CVVM report 2018]
46. ^[https://ec.europa.eu/info/news/economy-finance/flash-eurobarometer-public-support-for-introducing-the-euro-continues-to-rise_en 2018 Eurobarometer report overview]
47. ^http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/Survey/index#p=1&instruments=STANDARD&yearFrom=1999&yearTo=2017
48. ^1 {{cite news | url = http://www.novinky.cz/ekonomika/euro-je-v-cesku-realne-v-roce-2012--mini-mf_109977_9emse.html | title = Euro je v Česku reálné v roce 2012, míní MF | language = Czech |trans-title=Adoption of euro in Czech Republic is realistic in 2012, says the Ministry of Finance | work = Novinky.cz | date = 2007-02-21 }}
49. ^1 {{cite news | url = http://www.novinky.cz/127060-.html | title = Topolánek: euro nepřijmeme asi ani v roce 2012 | language = Czech |trans-title=Topolanek: we won't adopt Euro in 2012 either | work = Novinky.cz | date = 2007-11-18 }}
50. ^1 {{cite press release | url = https://www.sparkasse.at/sPortal/sportal.portal;jsessionid=qhHSJ0FRvFSBNdNpZkKJVhvhHLJD4v1T2d1BG3Gcyj82vJYTDKm3!76983841?_nfpb=true&_windowLabel=LABEL_MAIN&_urlType=action&LABEL_MAIN_sh=181fe8bb390eeff395532e7956f3e368&LABEL_MAIN_action=content.main&LABEL_MAIN_OVERRULEREFRESHBACK=true&LABEL_MAIN_event=changeMain&LABEL_MAIN_chronicleId=%2Febgroup_en_0196%2FChannels%2FPress%2F2008%2F2.QU%2Feb_pi_en_20080508_next_main_Images.akp&LABEL_MAIN_zz=41235.36447435065&LABEL_MAIN_pc=1&_pageLabel=GRID02&cci=09002ee2805dab70&desk=ebgroup_en_0196&navigationId=012130649753268001119092& | title = Euros in the wallets of the Slovaks, but who will be next? | publisher = Sparkasse.at | date = 2008-08-05 | accessdate = 2008-12-21 }}
51. ^1 {{cite news | url = http://www.financninoviny.cz/zpravy/czech-euro-adoption-in-2014-or-2015-not-realistic-janota/393013&id_seznam= | title = Czech euro adoption in 2014 or 2015 not realistic -- Janota | work = FinancNoviny.cz | date = October 2009 }}
52. ^1 {{cite news | url = http://www.radio.cz/en/article/104932 | title = For Czechs, euro adoption still a long way off | work = Czech Radio | date = 2008-06-09 }}
53. ^1 {{cite news | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6B411620101205 | title = Czech crown to stay long with no euro opt-out needed: PM | work=Reuters | date = 2010-12-05 }}
54. ^1 {{cite news | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-12-05/czech-republic-still-able-to-opt-out-of-adopting-euro-prime-minister-says.html | title = Czech Republic Still Able to Opt Out of Adopting Euro, Prime Minister Says | first = Peter | last = Laca | work = Bloomberg | date = 2010-12-05 }}
55. ^1 {{cite news | url = http://euobserver.com/843/114118 | title = Czech PM mulls euro referendum | first = Valentina | last = Pop | work = EUObserver | date = 28 October 2011 | accessdate = 28 October 2011 | quote = "The conditions under which the Czech citizens decided in a referendum in 2003 on the country's accession to the EU and on its commitment to adopt the single currency, euro, have changed. That is why the ODS will demand that a possible accession to the single currency and the entry into the European stabilisation mechanism be decided on by Czech citizens," the ODS resolution says. }}
56. ^{{cite news | url = http://praguemonitor.com/2013/02/12/t%C3%BDden-future-clear-diplomatic-myths-about-new-president | title = Týden: Future to clear up diplomatic myths about new president | publisher = Prague Daily Monitor | date = 2013-02-12 | accessdate = 2013-02-15 }}
57. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite press release | url = http://stem.cz/clanek/2114 | title = Zavedení eura v ČR | language = Czech |trans-title=| publisher = Středisko empirických výzkumů | date= 2011-01-31 | accessdate = 2011-06-28 }}
58. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/01/world/europe/czechs-split-deeply-over-joining-the-euro.html | title = Czechs Split Deeply Over Joining the Euro | first = Dan | last = Bilefsky | work = The New York Times | date = 2013-03-01 }}
59. ^1 2 September 2007 Eurobarometer report
[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]
}}{{Euro topics}}

3 : Currencies of the Czech Republic|Euro by country|Czech Republic and the European Union
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