| 词条 | Dactylorhiza maculata | |||||||
| 释义 |
| image = Dactylorhiza maculata LC0232.jpg | image_caption = Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. maculata | taxon = Dactylorhiza maculata | authority = (L.) Soó | synonyms_ref =[1] | synonyms =
}}Dactylorhiza maculata, known as the heath spotted-orchid[1] or moorland spotted orchid, is an herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the family Orchidaceae. It is widespread in mountainous regions across much of Europe from Portugal and Iceland east to Russia. It is also found in Algeria, Morocco, and western Siberia.[2][3] EtymologyThe name of the genus Dactylorhiza is formed from Greek words δάκτυλος "daktylos" meaning "finger" and ρίζα "rhiza" meaning "root" and refers to the tubers of this plant, that are split into several tubercles. The specific Latin name "maculata" (=spotted) refers to the stained leaves. The scientific binomial name of this plant was initially Orchis maculata, proposed by the Swedish naturalist and botanist Carl von Linné (1707–1778) in 1753. The name has been subsequently amended to the one currently accepted (Dactylorhiza maculata), by the Hungarian botanist Károly Rezső Soó (1903–1980) in 1962. In German this plant is called Geflecktes Knabenkraut, in French is called Orchis tacheté, in Italy is called Orchide macchiata. DescriptionThis orchid has an erect, glabrous and cylindrical stem, with a streaked surface. The leaves are oblong or oval-lanceolate, with dark ellipsoid-shaped "spots" on the surface (hence the species name). The leaves are amplexicaul and can be either radical (basal) or cauline. The underground part of the stem has two webbed tubers each one more or less deeply divided into several lobes or tubercles (characteristic of the genus Dactylorhiza), the first one plays the important functions of supplying the stem, while the second one collects nutrient materials for the development of the plant that will form in the coming year. The inflorescence is {{convert|5|-|15|cm}} long and it is composed of flowers gathered in dense spikes. The flowers are placed in the axils of bracts membranous and lanceolate-shaped. Their colors vary from light pink to purple or white with darker streaks mainly on the labellum (sometimes at the margins of tepals). The flowers reaches on average {{convert|10|-|15|cm}}. The flowers are hermaphrodite and pollinated by insects, especially bumblebees. However the seeds germination is conditioned by the presence of specific fungi. HabitatThe Heath Spotted Orchid prefers sunny places on lowlands or hills, it can be found in slightly damp meadows, but also in the undergrowth of dry forests, in areas with bushes and at the edges of streams. They grow on siliceous and calcareous substrate, at an altitude up to {{convert|2200|m}} above sea level. SubspeciesMany names have been proposed for species and varieties in the species. As of June 2014, the following are accepted:[2]
GalleryReferences1. ^{{cite web|title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |format=xls |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VqJ46atN?url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-date=2015-01-25 |accessdate=2014-10-17 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 2. ^1 2 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 3. ^Altervista Flora Italiana, Orchide macchiata, Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó includes European distribution map
External links
6 : Dactylorhiza|Plants described in 1753|Orchids of Europe|Orchids of Russia|Flora of Siberia|Terrestrial orchids |
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