| 词条 | Dae Jung-sang |
| 释义 |
|hangul=대중상 or 걸걸중상 |hanja=大仲象 or 乞乞仲象 |rr=Dae Jung-sang or Geolgeol Jungsang |mr=Tae Chung-sang or Kŏlkŏl Chungsang }}{{chinese |title=Qiqi Zhongxiang |t={{linktext|乞|乞|仲|象}} |p=Qǐqǐ Zhòngxiàng }}{{kings of Balhae}} Dae Jung-sang (?-698?), also known as Geolgeol Jungsang or Qiqi Zhongxiang, was the contribute of Balhae, and the father of Dae Jo-yeong, who was the founder of Balhae. Though much of the credit for the founding of Balhae went to his son, many historians still give credit to Dae Jung-sang as the main supporter and leader in the founding of Balhae. BackgroundThe Old Book of Tang state that his eldest son, Dae Jo-yeong, was a former Goguryeo general[1][2] or chief of Sumo Mohe.[3][4][5] Goguryeo Revival movementMost of the Goguryeo Aristocracy, including him, were taken to Yingzhou (Hanzi :營州), the homeland of the Khitan. Yingzhou became part of the Tang's General Protectorate to Pacify the East, and the Khitan were enraged. In 696, the Khitan led a revolt that killed the cruel governor of the protectorate and gave Yingzhou back to the Khitan. Dae Jung-sang allied with the Baishan Mohe leader Geolsa Biu (Hangul: 걸사비우, Hanja: 乞四比羽 pinyin: Qǐsì bǐyǔ), and the two powers opposed the Tang influence in 698. The two leaders resisted the Tang's attack, but were forced to retreat. Both Geolsa Biu, and Dae Jung-sang died in battle, but Dae Jo-yeong led the remaining Goguryeo and Malgal soldiers and defeated the Tang army at the Battle of Cheonmun-ryeong and established the Balhae. According to New Book of Tang, Wu Zetian created Dae as Duke of Jin (Zhen), Geolsa Biu as Duke of Heo (Xu), and pardon their crimes. Geolsa Biu refused the title and Wu sent general Li Kaigu to suppress the rebellions. Geolsa died in Battle of Tianmenling, Dae Jo-yeong led the others in victorious against Li. Dae Jung-sang died from sickness after the battle.[6] FamilyThe most notable and famous of his children was his eldest, Dae Jo-yeong. Dae Jung-sang had another son, Dae Ya-bal (대야발), and probably also had other children besides Dae Jo-yeong because the Balhae Royal line consisted of two lineages, one from Dae Jo-yeong and the other from Dae Ya-bal. LegacyDae Jung-sang's forgotten establishing of a Successor-state of Goguryeo laid the foundations for the founding of an even more powerful kingdom, which was Balhae. Despite all of his hard work, most people remember his son Dae Joyeong as the founder of Balhae. Nevertheless, his descendants continued on the Balhae Royal line to the fifteenth generation. Though Balhae fell, it left a further legacy. The last princes of Balhae quickly gathered the Balhae Aristocracy and retreated to Goryeo for sanctuary. Taejo of Goryeo gladly took them in and the Dae family continued on and still survives to this day as the Hyeop-gye Tae clan (협계 태씨). In popular culture
See also
References
1. ^Old records of Silla 新羅古記(Silla gogi): ... 高麗舊將祚榮 {{s-start}}{{s-hou|House of Dae||||698}}{{s-roy|cn}}{{s-new|creation}}{{s-ttl|title=Duke of Jin|years=696–698}}{{s-aft|after=Go of Balhae|as=King of Jin}}{{s-pre}}{{s-bef|before=Bojang of Goguryeo}}{{s-tul|title=King of Korea2. ^Rhymed Chronicles of Sovereigns 帝王韻紀(Jewang ungi): ... 前麗舊將大祚榮 3. ^Solitary Cloud 孤雲集(Gounjib): ... 渤海之源流也句驪未滅之時本爲疣贅部落靺羯之屬寔繁有徒是名栗末小蕃甞逐句驪, 內徙其首領乞四羽及大祚榮等至武后臨朝之際自營州作孼而逃輒據荒丘始稱振國時有句驪遺燼勿吉雜流梟音則嘯聚白山鴟義則喧張黑姶與契丹濟惡旋於突厥通謀萬里耨苗累拒渡遼之轍十年食葚晚陳降漢之旗. 4. ^Solitary Cloud 孤雲集(Gounjip): ... 其酋長大祚榮, 始受臣藩第五品大阿餐之秩 5. ^Comprehensive Institutions 通典(Tongdian): ... 渤海夲栗末靺鞨至其酋祚榮立國自號震旦, 先天中 玄宗王子始去靺鞨號專稱渤海 6. ^{{cite book|title=New Book of Tang|volume=235|chapter=144}} |years=668–698|reason=Fall of Goguryeo |line=Goguryeo claimant}}{{s-aft|after=Go of Balhae}}{{s-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Dae, Jung-Sang}} 4 : Balhae rulers|Balhae people|Mohe peoples|7th-century monarchs in Asia |
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