| 词条 | Daniel Amen |
| 释义 |
| name = Daniel Gregory Amen | image = | caption = | birth_name = Daniel Gregory Amen | birth_place = Encino, Los Angeles | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1954}}[1] | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = American | other_names = | known_for = | occupation = Psychiatrist, researcher, author | alma_mater = Vanguard University of Southern California Oral Roberts University School of Medicine (M.D., 1982), Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Tripler Army Medical Center. | website = {{URL|amenclinics.com}} }}Daniel Gregory Amen (born 1954)[1] is an American celebrity doctor[1] who practices as a psychiatrist[2] and brain disorder specialist[3] as director of the Amen Clinics.[4] He is a five-times New York Times bestselling author as of 2012.[5] Amen has built a profitable business around the use of SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) imaging for purported diagnostic purposes.[6] His marketing of SPECT scans and much of what he says about the brain and health in his books, media appearances, and marketing of his clinics has been condemned by scientists and doctors as lacking scientific validity and as being unethical, especially since the way SPECT is used in his clinics exposes people to harmful radiation with no clear benefit.[9][10][7][8] Amen has studied brain injuries affecting professional athletes,[3] and has consulted on post-concussion issues for the National Football League.[9] Early life and educationDaniel Amen was born in Encino, California, in 1954 to Lebanese immigrant parents.[1] He received his undergraduate biology degree from Southern California College in 1978[10] and his medical degree from Oral Roberts University School of Medicine in 1982.[11][12] Amen did his general psychiatric training at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C.,[12] and his child and adolescent psychiatry training at Tripler Army Medical Center in Honolulu.[12] Amen is double board certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology in General Psychiatry and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}} Career in businessAmen is the chief executive officer and medical director of the six Amen Clinics.[1][12] SPECT scanningAmen's practices use single-photon emission computed tomography, or SPECT, scans of brain activity in an attempt to compare the activity of a person's brain to a known healthy model.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}} Amen prescribes both medication and non-medicative courses of treatment, depending on the case. He also performs before-and-after SPECT scans, which claim to assess how well treatment is working.[13] Amen's clinics claim to have the world's largest database of functional brain scans for neuropsychiatry.[12] {{Asof|2009}}, Amen said he had scanned 50,000 people at an estimated cost of $170 million.[14] John Seibyl of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging has stated that it is settled that SPECT is of no value for diagnosing psychological disorders.[26] A 2012 review by the American Psychiatric Association found that neuroimaging studies "have yet to impact significantly the diagnosis or treatment of individual patients."[15] The review also states that neuroimaging studies "do not provide sufficient specificity and sensitivity to accurately classify individual cases with respect to the presence of a psychiatric illness."[16] The American Psychiatric Association has concluded that, "the available evidence does not support the use brain imaging for clinical diagnosis or treatment of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents."[17] According to cognitive neuroscience researcher Martha Farah and psychologist S. J. Gillihan, "The lack of empirical validation has led to widespread condemnation of diagnostic SPECT as premature and unproven."[8] Ethics of SPECT scanningQuestions have been raised about the ethics of selling SPECT scans on the basis of unproven claims: neuroscience professor Martha Farah calls such use "profitable but unproven" and says "Tens of thousands of individuals, many of them children, have been exposed to the radiation of two SPECT scans and paid thousands of dollars out of pocket (because insurers will not pay) against the advice of many experts".[18] Professor of psychology Irving Kirsch has said of Amen's theory: "Before you start promulgating this and marketing it and profiting from it, you should ethically be bound to demonstrate it scientifically in a peer-reviewed, respected journal" as otherwise "you're just going down the path of being a snake oil salesman".[1] In a 2011 paper the neuroscientist Anjan Chatterjee discussed example cases that were found on the Amen Clinic's website including a couple with marital difficulties and a child with impulsive aggression. The paper noted that the examples "violate the standard of care" because a normal clinical diagnosis would have been sufficient and that there "was no reason to obtain functional neuroimaging for diagnostic purposes in these cases."[14] Most patients do not realize that the SPECT scans rely on unproven claims.[6] An initial session at one of Amen's clinics costs about $3,500.[1] As reported by the Washington Post in 2012, officials at major psychiatric and neuroscience associations and research centers see Amen's claims for the use of SPECT as "no more than myth and poppycock, buffaloing an unsuspecting public."[1] Work for athletesOne of Amen's clinics provides brain scans for current and former National Football League players.[9][19] Amen made the initial diagnosis of brain damage in NFL kicker Tom Dempsey.[3] During medical examinations and scans, Amen found three holes in Dempsey's brain, along with other damage.[3] He has also provided diagnosis and therapy for hockey player Paul Kariya, related to his concussion issues; Amen advised Kariya to retire as a professional, which he did.[3][9] Dietary supplementsAmen's websites market vitamin supplements and a branded range of other dietary supplements.[20] These supplements have been promoted for a number of health benefits, including a claimed ability to prevent or stop Alzheimer's disease—there is however no known benefit from taking such supplements except for specific substance deficiencies.[44][21] Neurologist Robert Burton has written that he was "just appalled" by the things offered for sale on Amen's "big business" web sites,[20] and Harriet Hall has said that Amen prescribes "inadequately tested natural remedies" and "irrational mixtures of nutritional diet supplements" as part of his treatment.[22] Career in mediaWritingAmen's first book, Change Your Brain, Change Your Life, was published in 1999 and unexpectedly reached the New York Times best seller list after selling tens of thousands of copies in the first year. Publishers Weekly noted that the book "apparently struck a nerve with readers who love a 'scientific' hook."[23][24] In his book Making a Good Brain Great, he provided his analysis and recommendations for brain improvement purported to enhance a person's overall happiness and ability. For example, he suggested that hobbies which challenge the brain are important to ensure a happy life, as he believes they force the brain to learn and evolve over time.[25] Davi Thornton characterized the book as consisting of "commonplace recommendations for self-improvement."[23] Healing the Hardware of the Soul, written by Amen in 2008, was reviewed in the American Journal of Psychiatry by Andrew Leuchter. "Dr. Amen makes a good case for the use of brain imaging to explain and medicalize mental disorders," Leuchter said. "However, the reader who has any degree of familiarity with mental illness and brain science is left unconvinced that his [Amen's] highly commercialized use of scanning is justified." Leuchter concluded that Amen "has not subjected his treatment approaches to the level of systematic scientific scrutiny expected for scientifically based medical practice."[26]In Amen's The Brain in Love, he described the brain activity that occurs during chanting meditation as similar to those which take place during the feeling of love and sexual activity.[27] {{anchor|The Daniel Plan}}In 2013 Amen co-authored with pastor Rick Warren The Daniel Plan: 40 Days to a Healthier Life, on "how to lead a healthy life".[28] Amen was one of the people— others included Mark Hyman and Mehmet Oz—that Warren recruited to help devise the program .[29] Warren encouraged adoption of the plan by all member churches in his network of Saddleback churches.[30] According to Janice Norris, "The Daniel Plan is ... more than a diet. It is a lifestyle program based on Biblical principles and five essential components: food, fitness, focus, faith, and friends."[31] Amen, Warren, and Hyman appeared on the television show The View to discuss the Daniel Plan and 3,000 people came to a rally at Saddleback Church in Lake Forest, California to hear the three talk about the plan.[32][33] In 2013 Amen released an updated version of Healing ADD from the Inside Out: The Breakthrough Program That Allows You to See and Heal the Seven Types of Attention Deficit Disorder.[34] In 2017 Amen and his wife Tara published The Brain Warrior's Way: Ignite Your Energy and Focus, Attack Illness and Aging, Transform Pain into Purpose, which Harriet Hall reviewed; she wrote: "Much of the advice in this book is mainstream medical advice, and there are helpful practical hints like putting your food on a smaller plate and not shopping for food when you are hungry. The problem is that the good advice is inextricably mixed with false information and misleading statements, and with detailed recommendations that are not supported by science."[7] Television programsAmen has produced television programs about his theories. One of them, "Change Your Brain, Change Your Life," was aired by PBS affiliates 1,300 times in 2008 during fund-raising drives.[20] Another, "Magnificent Mind at Any Age with Dr. Daniel Amen," was aired before January 1, 2009.[35] Neurologist Michael Greicius, director of the Stanford Center for Memory Disorders and principal investigator of the Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory at Stanford stated, "The PBS airing of Amen's program provides a stamp of scientific validity to work which has no scientific validity."[20][36] These programs have been described as infomercials for Amen's clinics. The program's depiction of the "wonders of ginkgo and other 'natural' products such as St. John's wort." was also criticized.[20][35] Alternative-medicine skeptic and physician Harriet A. Hall and neurologist Robert A. Burton criticized PBS for the airing of these programs.[20][22] Michael Getler, the PBS ombudsman, replied that "PBS had nothing to do with the 'Brain' program's content and did not vet the program in any way." Local PBS affiliates "make their own editorial decisions based on their own guidelines about what to air," he wrote.[22][37] Reception of ideasIn 2012, The Washington Post Magazine ran a cover story titled "Daniel Amen is the most popular psychiatrist in America. To most researchers and scientists, that's a very bad thing." The Washington Post detailed Amen's lack of acceptance among the scientific community and his monetary conflict of interest.[1] Journalist Sanjiv Bhattacharya wrote that Amen's critics likened him "to a self-help guru rather than a scientist, on account of all the books, DVDs and nutritional supplements which he hawks so shamelessly on infomercials" and that Amen was "the most controversial psychiatrist in America [who] may also be the most commercially successful."[38] Amen has responded to such criticism by claiming that the criticism comes from jealousy of his financial success and also claiming that his largest source of referrals is from previous patients.[38] In 2008, Tufts professor and author Daniel Carlat published an article on Amen's use of SPECT imaging.[39] After visiting Amen's clinics, Carlat called Amen's interpretations of the scans "spectacularly meaningless."[1] Memberships and recognitionAmen is a Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association.[1][40] He has also been an assistant clinical professor of psychiatry and human behavior in the University of California, Irvine, College of Medicine.[12] Amen is the author of more than 30 books with combined sales of about one million copies.[1][38] Five of his books have been New York Times bestsellers as of 2012.[5] In 2015, Amen's The Daniel Plan received the Christian Book of the Year Award.[41] Selected publications
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/daniel-amen-is-the-most-popular-psychiatrist-in-america-to-most-researchers-and-scientists-thats-a-very-bad-thing/2012/08/07/467ed52c-c540-11e1-8c16-5080b717c13e_story.html |title= Daniel Amen is the most popular psychiatrist in America. To most researchers and scientists, that's a very bad thing. |first= Neely |last= Tucker |date= August 9, 2012 |newspaper= Washington Post Magazine |accessdate= }} 2. ^{{citation |title= Amen, Daniel Gregory, MD |work=ABPN verify CERT|publisher= American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) |postscript= .}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |title= For former kicker, the price of fearlessness |first= Brett Michael |last= Dykes |date= January 27, 2013 |newspaper= The New York Times |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/28/sports/football/super-bowl-tom-dempsey-former-nfl-kicker-is-dealing-with-dementia.html |accessdate= }} 4. ^{{cite journal |doi= 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70056-5 |title= Neuropolitics gone mad |year= 2008 |last1= Butcher |first1= James |journal= The Lancet Neurology |volume= 7 |issue= 4 |page= 295}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/12/14/can-daniel-amen-read-your-mind.html |title= Can Daniel Amen read your mind? |work= The Daily Beast |first= Eliza |last= Shapiro|date=December 14, 2012 |accessdate= 2013-10-09}} 6. ^1 {{cite book|editor1-first= Anjan |editor1-last= Chatterjee |editor2-first= Martha J. |editor2-last= Farah |editor1-link= Anjan Chatterjee (neuroscientist) |editor2-link= Martha Farah |title= Neuroethics in Practice |chapter= Ch. 11 Neuroimaging in Clinical Psychiatry |first1= Martha J. |last1= Farah |first2= Seth J. |last2= Gillihan |authorlink1= Martha Farah |year= 2013 |publisher= Oxford University Press |isbn= 9780195389784|pages= [https://books.google.com/books?id=dccww_oOP40C&pg=PA131 131–143]}} 7. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Hall|first1=Harriet|title=Daniel and Tana Amen’s Book The Brain Warrior’s Way: Standard Health Advice Mixed with Misinformation and Fanciful Ideas|url=https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/daniel-and-tana-amens-book-the-brain-warriors-way-standard-health-advice-mixed-with-misinformation-and-fanciful-ideas/|work=Science-Based Medicine|date=February 21, 2017}} 8. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Farah |first1= M.J. |last2= Gillihan |first2= S.J. |authorlink1= Martha Farah |title= The puzzle of neuroimaging and psychiatric diagnosis: Technology and nosology in an evolving discipline |journal= AJOB Neuroscience |volume= 3 |issue= 4 |pages= 31–41 |year= 2012 |pmid= 23505613 |pmc= 3597411 |doi= 10.1080/21507740.2012.713072 |quote=The lack of empirical validation has led to widespread condemnation of diagnostic SPECT as premature and unproven.}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite news |title= All-Star Kariya ends career |newspaper= Tampa Bay Times |date= June 29, 2011 |url= http://www.tampabay.com/sports/all-star-kariya-ends-career/1178053 |accessdate= }} 10. ^{{cite news|url=http://articles.dailypilot.com/2002-03-26/news/export38602_1_newport-beach-amen-graduation|title=Newport Beach resident receives Vanguard honor|publisher=Daily Pilot|date=2002-03-26}} 11. ^{{cite web |title= Daniel Amen, MD |url= http://health.usnews.com/doctors/daniel-amen-434619 |work= Doctor Finder |publisher= U.S. News & World Report |date= |accessdate= }} 12. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |title= Biography: Daniel G. Amen, MD |work= WebMD |url= http://www.webmd.com/daniel-g-amen |date= |accessdate= }} 13. ^{{cite book |page= [https://books.google.com/books?id=EzMhV3EpdqEC&pg=PA98 98] |title= Getting Started with Neurofeedback |chapter= Ch. 6 Brain Maps, Quantitative Electroencephalograph, and Normative Databases |first= John N. |last= Demos |publisher= W. W. Norton & Company |year= 2005 |isbn= 9780393075533}} 14. ^1 {{Cite journal |last1= Chancellor |first1= B. |last2= Chatterjee |first2= A. |authorlink2= Anjan Chatterjee (neuroscientist) |doi= 10.1080/21507740.2011.611123 |title= Brain branding: When neuroscience and commerce collide |journal= AJOB Neuroscience |volume= 2 |issue= 4 |page= 18 |year= 2011 |quote=Amen Clinics, Inc., has scanned more than 50,000 patients at a cost close to $170 million.}} 15. ^{{cite web |last1= First |first1= M. |last2= Botterton |first2= K. |last3= Carter |first3= C. |last4= Castellano |first4= F.X. |last5= Dickstein |first5= D.P. |last6= Drevets |first6= W. |last7= Kim |first7= K.L. |last8= Pescosolido |first8= M.F. |last9= Rausch |first9= S. |last10= Seymour |first10= K.E. |last11= Sheline |first11= Y. |last12= Zubieta |first12= J.-K. |displayauthors= 4 |date=July 2012 |title= Consensus Report of the APA Work Group on Neuroimaging Markers of Psychiatric Disorders |type= Resource Document |department= APA Official Actions |url= http://www.psychiatry.org/file%20library/learn/archives/rd2012_neuroimaging.pdf |publisher= Board of Trustees; American Psychiatric Association (APA)}} 16. ^{{cite web |last1= First |first1= M. |last2= Botterton |first2= K. |last3= Carter |first3= C. |last4= Castellano |first4= F.X. |last5= Dickstein |first5= D.P. |last6= Drevets |first6= W. |last7= Kim |first7= K.L. |last8= Pescosolido |first8= M.F. |last9= Rausch |first9= S. |last10= Seymour |first10= K.E. |last11= Sheline |first11= Y. |last12= Zubieta |first12= J.-K. |displayauthors= 4 |date=July 2012 |title= Consensus Report of the APA Work Group on Neuroimaging Markers of Psychiatric Disorders |type= Resource Document |department= APA Official Actions |url= http://www.psychiatry.org/file%20library/learn/archives/rd2012_neuroimaging.pdf |publisher= Board of Trustees; American Psychiatric Association (APA)}} 17. ^{{cite web |title=Resource Document on Brain Imaging and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry With Special Emphasis on Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) |date=January 2005 |publisher= Joint Reference Committee; American Psychiatric Association (APA) |url= http://www.psychiatry.org/file%20library/learn/archives/rd2005_spect.pdf |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150523023035/http://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Learn/Archives/rd2005_SPECT.pdf |archivedate= 2015-05-23 |author1=Council on Children, Adolescents |author2=Their Families |accessdate= 2014-03-14 |department= APA Official Actions}} 18. ^1 {{cite journal |last= Farah |first= M.J. |authorlink= Martha Farah |title= A picture is worth a thousand dollars |journal= Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience |volume= 21 |issue= 4 |pages=623–4 |year= 2009 |pmid= 19296729 |doi= 10.1162/jocn.2009.21133 |type= Editorial}} 19. ^{{cite news |title= Give your head a rest: When it hurts, don't try to play through the pain. You could have a concussion. Tips for avoiding and recovering from a concussion |newspaper= The Boston Globe |first= Joseph |last= Williams |date= February 19, 2007 |url= http://www.boston.com/yourlife/health/diseases/articles/2007/02/19/give_your_head_a_rest/?page=full |accessdate= }} 20. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |url= http://www.salon.com/2008/05/12/daniel_amen/ |title= Brain scam: Why is PBS airing Dr. Daniel Amen's self-produced infomercial for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease? |work= Salon |accessdate= 2014-03-11 |date= May 12, 2008 |last= Burton |first= Robert A. |authorlink= Robert A. Burton}} 21. ^{{cite journal |last1= Guallar |first1= E. |last2= Stranges |first2= S. |last3= Mulrow |first3= C. |last4= Appel |first4= L.J. |last5= Miller |first5= E.R., III |displayauthors= 4 |title= Enough is enough: Stop wasting money on vitamin and mineral supplements |journal= Annals of Internal Medicine |volume= 159 |issue= 12 |pages= 850–1 |year= 2013 |pmid= 24490268 |type= editorial |doi= 10.7326/0003-4819-159-12-201312170-00011 }} 22. ^1 2 {{cite web |last= Hall |first= Harriet |authorlink= Harriet A. Hall |url= http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/dr-amens-love-affair-with-spect-scans/ |title= Dr. Amen's Love Affair with SPECT Scans |publisher= Science-Based Medicine |date= March 19, 2013 |accessdate= 2014-03-11}} 23. ^1 {{cite book |last= Thornton |first= Davi Johnson |title= Brain Culture: Neuroscience and Popular Media |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a7rYQsuG5WQC&pg=PA64 |year= 2011 |publisher= Rutgers University Press |isbn= 9780813550121 |pages= 64 et seq |chapter= Practical Neuoscience and Brain-Based Self-Help}} 24. ^{{cite news |url= http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/print/19990301/25532-get-a-life.html |title= Get a 'Life' |magazine= Publishers Weekly |first= Judy |last= Quinn |date= March 1, 1999 |volume= 245 |issue= 9}}". . . "the book's stronger than expected out-of-the-gate success." 25. ^{{cite book |page= [https://books.google.com/books?id=twrhMyKlTBkC&pg=PA340 340] |title= Best You Ever: 365 Ways to be Richer, Happier, Thinner, Smarter, Younger, Sexier, and More Relaxed - Each and Every Day |first= Rebecca |last= Swanner |publisher= Adams Media |year= 2010 |isbn= 9781440510717}} 26. ^{{cite journal |journal= American Journal of Psychiatry |volume= 166 |issue= 5 |year= 2009 |title= Healing the Hardware of the Soul: Enhance Your Brain to Improve Your Work, Love, and Spiritual Life |last= Leuchter |first= A.F. |type= book review |page= 625 |doi= 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08121843 |url= http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/data/Journals/AJP/3890/09aj0625.PDF}} 27. ^{{cite book |title= The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Chemistry of Love |first1= Maryanne |last1= Fisher |first2= Andrea |last2= Bradford |publisher= Penguin |year= 2010 |at= [https://books.google.com/books?id=7NhcN00C8GQC&pg=PT211 Meditate for Better Sex] |chapter= Ch. 14 Sex Inhibitors |isbn= 9781101478035}} 28. ^{{cite news |last= Martin |first= Rachel |title= Rick Warren writes a faith-based diet book |url= https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=249570023 |work= Weekend Edition |publisher= NPR News |date= December 8, 2013}} 29. ^{{cite news |url= http://edition.cnn.com/2012/01/24/health/saddleback-warren-diet/ |title= Rick Warren and church tackle obesity |date= January 24, 2012 |first= Madison |last= Park |work= CNN.com |publisher= CNN |department= Health |accessdate= 2012-10-20}} 30. ^{{cite news |url =http://www.foxnews.com/leisure/2012/03/27/preaching-against-foods-that-are-sending-people-to-heaven-early/ |title= Church spreads the gospel of healthy eating |first= Joe |last= Piaza |date= March 27, 2012 |work= FoxNews.com |publisher= Fox News Channel |accessdate= 2012-10-20}} 31. ^{{cite news |url= http://www.stuttgartdailyleader.com/article/20140107/LIFESTYLE/140109766/0/FRONTPAGE?tag=2&refresh=true#ixzz2qgapArOr |title= Health is wealth: Start a new lifestyle with the Daniel Plan |first= Janice |last= Norris |newspaper= Stuttgart Daily Leader |date=January 7, 2014 |accessdate= 2014-01-21}} 32. ^{{cite web |date= December 18, 2013 |url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Scoop-THE-VIEW-on-ABC-Week-of-December-23-2013-20131218 |title=Scoop: THE VIEW on ABC - Week of December 23, 2013 |accessdate= 2014-01-21 |publisher=Broadway World}} 33. ^{{cite news |url= http://www.latimes.com/health/la-he-c1-higher-power-diet-20140616-story.html#page=1 |title= Cross training: Christians embrace Daniel Plan's Mind-Body-Spirit Diet |first= Mary |last= Macvean |date= June 16, 2014 |newspaper= LA Times |accessdate= June 16, 2014}} 34. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.fresnobee.com/2014/01/04/3694993/desolation-of-smaug-guidebook.html#storylink=cpy |title=Library Bookshelf: Desolation of Smaug guidebook available |newspaper=The Fresno Bee |date=January 4, 2014 |accessdate=2014-01-21 |author=Fresno County Public Library Staff |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201195139/http://www.fresnobee.com/2014/01/04/3694993/desolation-of-smaug-guidebook.html |archivedate=2014-02-01 |df= }} 35. ^1 2 {{cite book |last= Carroll |first= Robert Todd |authorlink= Robert Todd Carroll |title= The Skeptic's Dictionary |chapter= PBS Infomercial for Daniel Amen's Clinics |chapter-url= http://www.skepdic.com/skeptimedia/skeptimedia30.html |edition= Online |date= January 1, 2009 |accessdate= 2014-03-11|title-link= The Skeptic's Dictionary }} 36. ^{{cite web |title= Translational Research - Stanford Center for Memory Disorders - Neurology & Neurological Sciences - Stanford University School of Medicine: Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease |url= http://neurology.stanford.edu/memory/alzheimers/diagnosing.html |website= neurology.stanford.edu |accessdate= 2014-07-02}} 37. ^{{cite web |last= Getler |first= Michael |authorlink= Michael Getler |date= May 20, 2008 |title= Caution: That Program May Not Be From PBS |url= https://www.pbs.org/ombudsman/2008/05/caution_that_program_may_not_b.html |department= PBS Ombudsman |website= pbs.org |publisher= PBS |accessdate= 2014-03-14}} 38. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/9836429/Dr-Daniel-Amen-interview-the-shrink-who-believes-technology-will-replace-the-couch.html |title= Dr Daniel Amen interview: The shrink who believes technology will replace the couch |last= Bhattacharya |first= Sanjiv |date= February 6, 2013 |newspaper= Daily Telegraph |accessdate= March 11, 2018}} 39. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.wired.com/medtech/health/magazine/16-06/mf_neurohacks |title=Brain scans as mind readers? Don't believe the hype |magazine=Wired |accessdate=2014-03-11 |date=May 19, 2008 |authorlink=Daniel Carlat |last=Carlat |first=Daniel |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080525005549/http://www.wired.com/medtech/health/magazine/16-06/mf_neurohacks |archivedate=May 25, 2008 }} 40. ^{{cite book |at= Brain Scan Babble p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=6E7yyzYhtjwC&pg=PA63 63] |title= The Diseasing of America's Children: Exposing the ADHD Fiasco and Empowering Parents to Take Back Control |chapter= Ch. 3 Biology in Wonderland |first= John |last= Rosemond |authorlink= John Rosemond |publisher= Thomas Nelson |year= 2008 |isbn= 9781418569211}} 41. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/style-blog/wp/2015/05/05/place-holder/ | title=Rick Warren's weight-loss plan named Christian Book of the Year | publisher=Washington Post | date=5 May 2015 | accessdate=30 June 2015 | author=Charles, Ron}} Further reading
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18 : American health and wellness writers|American medical writers|American male non-fiction writers|American psychiatrists|American self-help writers|Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder researchers|Celebrity doctors|People in alternative medicine|University of California, Irvine faculty|Oral Roberts University alumni|Living people|Vanguard University of Southern California alumni|American people of Lebanese descent|1954 births|People from Encino, Los Angeles|Pseudoscientific psychologists|Pseudoscientific diet advocates|Health fraud |
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