“Danny Kirwan”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Daniel David Kirwan (13 May 1950 – 8 June 2018) was a British musician whose greatest success came with his role as guitarist, singer and songwriter with the blues rock band Fleetwood Mac between 1968 and 1972. He released three albums as a solo artist from 1975 to 1979, recorded albums with Otis Spann, Chris Youlden, and Tramp, and worked with his former Fleetwood Mac colleagues Jeremy Spencer and Christine McVie on some of their solo projects.

Biography

Early career

Musical influences and first band

Danny Kirwan was born Daniel David Langran in Brixton, South London.^[1] His mother, Phyllis Rose Langran, was a singer^[2] and he grew up listening to the music of jazz musicians such as Eddie Lang, Joe Venuti and Django Reinhardt and 1930s-40s groups such as the Ink Spots.^[2] Danny's parents separated when he was young.^[3] Phyllis Rose Langran married Aloysious James Kirwan in 1958 when Danny was eight.^[4] Kirwan left school in 1967 with six O-levels and worked for a year as an insurance clerk in Fenchurch Street in the City of London.^[5]

Kirwan was an accomplished self-taught guitarist who had been influenced by Hank Marvin of the Shadows, French gypsy guitarist Django Reinhardt, Jimi Hendrix and particularly by Eric Clapton's playing in the Bluesbreakers.^[6]^[8] He began learning guitar at the age of fifteen:^[2] he was seventeen when he came to the attention of established British blues band Fleetwood Mac in London while fronting his first band, Boilerhouse, a three-piece with Trevor Stevens on bass guitar and Dave Terrey on drums.^[7]

He is said to have persuaded Fleetwood Mac's producer Mike Vernon to watch Boilerhouse rehearse in a South London basement boiler-room, after which Vernon informed Fleetwood Mac founder Peter Green of his discovery. Vernon was impressed by Kirwan's guitar playing and subtle vibrato and thought he sounded like blues player Lowell Fulson.^[8] Vernon remembered, "Danny was outstanding. He played with an almost scary intensity. He had a guitar style that wasn't like anyone else I'd heard in England."^[12] Kirwan's band began playing support slots for Fleetwood Mac at London venues such as John Gee's Marquee Club in Wardour Street and the Nag's Head in Battersea^[8], which gave Kirwan and Green the opportunity to jam together and get to know each other.^[9]

Joining Fleetwood Mac

Green briefly took a managerial interest in Boilerhouse but Stevens and Terrey were not prepared to turn professional, so an advert was placed in the weekly music paper Melody Maker to find another rhythm section to back Kirwan. Over 300 hopefuls were said to have applied but none was deemed good enough,^[3] so another solution was found. Fleetwood Mac had been constituted as a quartet, but Green had been looking for another guitarist to share some of the workload in view of slide guitarist Jeremy Spencer's unwillingness to contribute to his songs.^[10]

The band's drummer Mick Fleetwood, previously a member of John Mayall and the Bluesbreakers, suggested that Kirwan could join Fleetwood Mac. Although the rest of the band were not entirely convinced,^[11] Kirwan was invited to join the band in August 1968.^[12]^[13] Kirwan was evidently not expecting this, and his reaction was described as "astonishment and delight."^[14]

Green had wanted to move Fleetwood Mac away from pure blues and had needed a new musical collaborator and backing guitarist to work with.^[8] "Which is how Danny Kirwan came into our lives ... Danny was a huge fan of Peter's. He would see us every chance he got."^[15] Kirwan would often turn up at gigs during the afternoon, help to carry the gear in^[8] and jam with Green after the soundcheck.^[9]

Fleetwood said, "Danny was an exceptional guitar player.^[8] It was clear that he needed to be with better players ... in the end we just invited him to join us. It was one of those 'ah-ha' moments when you realise the answer is right there in front of you."^[15] Kirwan's arrival expanded Fleetwood Mac to a five-piece with three guitarists.

Green described Kirwan as "a clever boy who got ideas for his guitar playing by listening to all that old-fashioned roaring twenties big-band stuff."^[16] Kirwan was known to be "emotionally fragile",^[17] and Green said that in the early days, Kirwan "was so into it that he cried as he played."^[16]

Fleetwood Mac

The early days

Mick Fleetwood described the early Fleetwood Mac as it was when Kirwan joined the band. "We were a rude, wild, fun-loving bunch of people ... Fleetwood Mac never wanted to be pure blues like John Mayall, or rock like Hendrix or Cream. We were a funny, vulgar, drunken vaudeville blues band at that time [1967-70], playing music as much to amuse ourselves as to please an audience."^[8]^[11]

Guitar style

A year after forming Fleetwood Mac, Peter Green was looking for ways to extend the band and perhaps change its direction.^[18] He wanted to be open to other musical styles and bring in more original material.^[18] Kirwan was the ideal foil for Green's new approach: he played gentle, supportive rhythm guitar to Green's and Spencer's fiery solo work and introduced vocal harmonies to some of the songs.^[18] Spencer said, "Peter and I had seen Danny play and thought he was very good. Peter and Danny worked well together."^[19]

Fleetwood said, "Danny worked out great from the start. His playing was always very melodic and tuneful, with lots of bent notes and vibrato.^[8] Danny's style of playing complemented Peter's perfectly because he was already a disciple. His sense of melody on rhythm guitar really drew Peter out, allowing him to write songs in a different style ... Playing live, he was a madman."^[15] Fleetwood Mac biographer Leah Furman commented, "Danny provided a perfect sounding board for Peter's ideas, added stylistic texture, and moved Fleetwood Mac away from pure blues."^[20]

Kirwan was interviewed by the British weekly music paper Melody Maker soon after joining Fleetwood Mac and gave the first indication of the breadth of his musical influences. He told Melody Maker, "I'm not keen on blues purists who close their ears to all other forms of music. I like any good music, particularly the old big band-type things. Django Reinhardt is my favourite guitarist, but I like any music that is good, whether it is blues, popular or classical."^[18]

The band's manager Clifford Davis, himself a musician,^[3] remembered Kirwan as "a very bright boy with very high musical standards. When we were on the road he was constantly saying 'Come on, Clifford, we must rehearse, we must rehearse, we've got to rehearse'."^[3] Davis said Kirwan "was the originator of all the ideas regarding harmonies and the lovely melodies that Fleetwood Mac would eventually encompass."^[3]

First gigs and tours

Kirwan progressed from being an eighteen-year-old guitarist in a small pub band in South London to being a member of an internationally-known touring band in one move.^[21] He played his first gig with Fleetwood Mac on 14 August 1968 at the Nag's Head Blue Horizon Club in Battersea, London.^[11] Ten days later he was on stage at the 24 August 1968 Hyde Park Free Concert in London, performing on the same bill as Family, Ten Years After and Fairport Convention; two days later he was in the BBC radio studios in London, recording a session of twelve songs for broadcast;^[22] three days after that he began a 50-date tour of the UK. At the end of November he was in Paris,^[8] performing in a New Year's Eve show for French television [ORTF 'Surprise Partie'] with The Who, Small Faces, Pink Floyd and The Troggs. Two days later, on 1 December 1968, he was in New York at the start of an almost sold-out, 30-date US tour^[8] which would include performances at major venues such as the Fillmore East in Manhattan, the Fillmore West in San Francisco,^[8] the Boston Tea Party and an appearance before 100,000 fans at the three-day Miami Pop Festival in Florida^[8] alongside, among others, Chuck Berry, Muddy Waters, BB King and The Grateful Dead.

Kirwan toured several times with Fleetwood Mac in Europe. Fleetwood said in his autobiography, "We were huge in Europe. Even a simple blues track like "Shake Your Moneymaker" went to the top of the charts in Scandinavia. Every place we played was sold out and raving."^[8]

First recording: "Albatross"

Kirwan's first recorded work with Fleetwood Mac, in October 1968,^[21] was his contribution of the second guitar part to Green's instrumental hit single "Albatross".^[22] Green had been working on the piece for some time and Kirwan completed it by adding the counterpoint harmony in the middle section.^[23] Green said, "Once we got Danny in, it was plain sailing^[23]... I would never have done 'Albatross' if it wasn't for Danny. I would never have had a number one hit record."^[11] Kirwan said later that Green had told him what to do and all the bits he had to play.^[8]

The band spent two days recording and mixing the track at CBS studios in New Bond Street, London,^[24] and when they listened to the final mix everyone agreed it was "a beautiful record".^[25] "Albatross" was released in November 1968 on Mike Vernon's Blue Horizon label. It reached Number 1 in the UK singles charts in December 1968^[8] and sold nearly a million copies.^[26]

The B-side of "Albatross" was Kirwan's first published tune, the instrumental "Jigsaw Puzzle Blues". This was an old clarinet piece, written by Joe Venuti and Adrian Rollini and recorded by the Joe Venuti / Eddie Lang Blue Five in 1933. Kirwan worked out the piece from the record^[27] and adapted it for himself and Green to play on guitar, but Green remembered, "I couldn't do it properly. I can't play that sort of big-band type thing. My style wasn't all that satisfactory to Danny, but his style wasn't all that satisfactory to me." So Kirwan played all the guitar parts himself.^[11]

Blues sessions at Chess

In early January 1969 Kirwan was on his first tour of the United States with Fleetwood Mac and they opened for Muddy Waters at the Regal Theatre in Chicago. While they were there, producer Mike Vernon heard that Chess Records was about to close its famous Chicago studio and suggested recording a Fleetwood Mac blues album in the home of Chicago blues before it disappeared.^[8] He and Marshall Chess arranged a two-day recording session^[8] in which Kirwan, along with Green, Spencer, McVie and Fleetwood, played with legendary blues musicians David 'Honeyboy' Edwards, Walter 'Shakey' Horton, J.T.Brown, Willie Dixon, Otis Spann, Buddy Guy and S.P.Leary.^[8]

The sessions at Chess Studios were judged "a great success" and were released by Vernon in December 1969 as a double album on the Blue Horizon label, originally entitled 'Blues Jam at Chess' and later reissued as Fleetwood Mac in Chicago.^[28] Fleetwood said later that the sessions had produced some of the best blues the band had ever played and, ironically, the last blues that Fleetwood Mac would ever record.^[8] Two of Kirwan's songs, "Talk With You" and "Like It This Way", were included on the album.

Then Play On, 1969

Kirwan's skills came further to the forefront on the mid-1969 album Then Play On, recorded at Kingsway Studios in Holborn, London. Green had told Kirwan when he joined the band that he would be responsible for half of the next album^[8] and the songwriting and lead vocals on Then Play On were split almost equally between Kirwan and Green, with many of the performances featuring their dual lead Gibson Les Paul guitars. Fleetwood said later that Kirwan, asked to write his first songs for the band, "approached his assignment very cerebrally, much as Lindsey Buckingham would do later, and came up with some very good music."^[8] [Fleetwood would later say in an interview that Buckingham had "a huge regard for Danny".^[72]]

Spencer did not play guitar or sing on the album^[8] and Kirwan had a significant role in the recording. He composed seven of the fourteen tracks^[23] and his "Coming Your Way" opened Side 1. His varied musical influences are evident throughout, from the flowing instrumental "My Dream" to the 1930s-style "When You Say", which Green had earmarked to be a single until his own composition "Oh Well" took shape and was chosen instead.^[11] "Coming Your Way" was a full band performance and "Like Crying" was a Kirwan duet with Green. Kirwan played all the guitar parts on "Although the Sun is Shining".^[11] Mike Vernon noted that Kirwan's presence and his eclectic musical influences "were already beginning to take the band out of mainstream 12-bar blues and into blues-rock and rock ballads."^[29]

The UK release of Then Play On featured two extra earlier Kirwan recordings, the sad blues "Without You" and the heavy "One Sunny Day", which was later covered by American blues musician Tinsley Ellis on his 1997 album Fire It Up. Then Play On was released in September 1969 and reached number 5 in the UK album charts. It was the band's first album to sell more than 100,000 in America.^[8]

In December 1969, sixteen months after Kirwan joined the band, Fleetwood Mac were voted the UK's number one Progressive Group in Melody Maker's end-of-year polls. The band had also outsold the Beatles and the Rolling Stones in Europe in record sales and concert tickets.^[8]

US releases

The US-only release English Rose from the same era included Kirwan's "Without You" and "One Sunny Day", plus his tense blues "Something Inside of Me" and "Jigsaw Puzzle Blues", both also dating from earlier sessions.{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}} Fleetwood described the album as "a sort of pastiche" consisting of the best cuts from their second studio album, Mr Wonderful, plus "Black Magic Woman", "Albatross" and the four new tracks from Kirwan.^[8] English Rose was Fleetwood Mac's second album release in the US. Kirwan began a two-month tour with the band to promote English Rose at the Fillmore East in New York on 1 February 1969.^[8]

The US track-listing of Then Play On was reordered to allow the inclusion of the full nine-minute version of Green's hit single "Oh Well" and two of Kirwan's songs, "My Dream" and "When You Say", were dropped. Only "Coming Your Way", the wistful "Although the Sun Is Shining" and his duet with Green, "Like Crying", appeared on all the later non-UK vinyl releases.

On the 1990 CD release Kirwan's two dropped songs were reinstated, although "One Sunny Day" and "Without You" were now absent from releases in all territories, including the UK. The 2013 CD release restored the original UK track order, with "Without You" and "One Sunny Day" included.

Archival packages

Archival packages from this era such as The Vaudeville Years and Show-Biz Blues double sets include several Kirwan songs, and show his blues influences as well as the more arcane tastes that led to songs like "Tell Me from the Start", which could have been mistaken for a song by the 1920s-style group The Temperance Seven. Kirwan's unusual musical interests prompted band leader Green to dub him "Ragtime Cowboy Joe".^[11]

The track listing on The Vaudeville Years contained five of Kirwan's songs: "Like It This Way", “Although the Sun Is Shining", "Love It Seems", "Tell Me from the Start" and "Farewell", plus his joint composition with Green, "World in Harmony". His songs on Show-Biz Blues were "Mind of My Own" and a live version of "Coming Your Way". Kirwan's uptempo blues "Like It This Way" was recorded during the "Man of the World" sessions early in 1969. It was the first Fleetwood Mac recording to feature Kirwan and Green's duelling twin-lead guitars, which would later become part of the band's live performances.^[11]

Singles 1968-1970

Fleetwood Mac's hit singles from 1968 to 1970 were all written by Green but Kirwan's style showed through, thanks to Green's desire not to act as the band's main focus. Kirwan joined Green in the dual guitar harmonies on "Albatross", contributed to "Man of the World" and took the solo on "Oh Well Pt. 1". Mike Vernon recalled "considerable input" from Kirwan in the making of "Man of the World",^[30] which was released in April 1969 and reached number 2 in the UK charts.^[8]

The final hit single from this line-up, "The Green Manalishi", was recorded in April 1970^[11] in a difficult night-time session after Green had announced that he was leaving the band. Producer Martin Birch recalled Green growing increasingly frustrated at the results of the session because he couldn't get the sound he wanted, and Kirwan reassuring him that they would stay there all night until they got it right.^[11] Green said later that although it had left him exhausted, making "Green Manalishi" was one of his best musical memories. "Lots of drums, bass guitars ... Danny Kirwan and me playing those shrieking guitars together ... I thought it would make Number One."^[31]

The track was recorded at Warner-Reprise's studios in Hollywood on the band's third US tour.^[32] "The Green Manalishi" was released in May 1970 and reached number 10 in the UK charts. It was the band's fourth consecutive hit single and Fleetwood Mac's last in the UK for six years.^[8]

The B-side of "The Green Manalishi" was the instrumental "World in Harmony", the only track ever given a "Kirwan/Green" joint songwriting credit. In March 1970 Green said that he and Kirwan were planning an album based around their two guitars^[33] and Spencer recalled later that Kirwan and Green had begun to piece their guitar parts together "almost like orchestrally layered guitar work."^[19]

Kirwan and Green had already worked on melodic twin guitar demos that had sparked rumours in the music press in late 1969 of a duelling guitars project, but ultimately nothing came of it.^[11]

Kirwan and Green

Despite the closeness of their musical partnership, Kirwan and Green did not always get on well personally, which was at least partly due to Kirwan's short temper.^[16] Kirwan had high musical standards and concentrated more on rehearsing than the other members of the band, with Green recalling that Kirwan always had to arrive anywhere an hour early,^[11] but Green was more talented when it came to improvisational skills.^[16]

One of the band's roadies, Dennis Keane, suggested later that the success of "Albatross" and the follow-up single "Man of the World" went to Kirwan's head and he became more confident, to the point of trying to pressure Green and compete with him.^[11] Producer Martin Birch, however, remembered that Kirwan was often seeking reassurance from Green and that he was always in awe of him. "I often got the impression that Danny was looking for Peter's approval, whereas Peter wanted Danny to develop by himself."^[11]

Peter Green departure

After rumours in the music press in early 1970 that Kirwan would leave Fleetwood Mac, it was Green who departed in May of that year. Kirwan later said that he was not surprised. "We just didn't get on too well basically ... We played some good stuff together, we played well together, but we didn't get on."^[27] Brunning said Green left because of personality clashes with Kirwan and musical and personal differences with the other members of the band. He said Green wanted to be free to play with other musicians and not be tied down to a particular musical format.^[34] {{Clear}}

Sessions away from Fleetwood Mac

Otis Spann, Spencer, McVie

In January 1969 Kirwan made his first musical appearance outside Fleetwood Mac when he contributed to Otis Spann's blues album The Biggest Thing Since Colossus, along with Green and McVie. After Then Play On had been completed, Kirwan worked on Christine McVie's first solo album, titled Christine Perfect (McVie was then still using her maiden name). She included a version of Kirwan's "When You Say" on the album, which was chosen as a single. Kirwan arranged the string section and acted as producer.^[35]

Kirwan worked with Fleetwood and McVie on the first solo album from a then-current member of Fleetwood Mac when Spencer recorded his album Jeremy Spencer, released in January 1970. Kirwan played rhythm guitar in various styles and sang backing vocals throughout. The album was not commercially successful, but Spencer discovered that he and Kirwan worked well together without Green. He said later, "In retrospect, one of the most enjoyable things was working with Danny on it, as it brought out a side of him I hadn't seen."^[36]

Blues band Tramp

In 1969 Kirwan contributed as a session guitarist to the first album by London-based blues band Tramp, titled Tramp, which was recorded at DeLane Lea studios in Soho.^[37] The album featured an uptempo guitar instrumental, "Hard Work", from Kirwan. Mick Fleetwood played drums on the recording.^[37]

Tramp's bass player Bob Brunning, Fleetwood Mac's first bassist,^[38] said later that he had "thoroughly enjoyed" working with Kirwan during the Tramp sessions and remembered him being "extremely friendly and cooperative."^[39] In his 1998 history of the band, Brunning described Kirwan as "a talented and soulful musician" who had contributed much fine work to Fleetwood Mac's repertoire,^[107] and he recalled that when his bass amp was stolen in 1969, Kirwan had given him a vintage Marshall amp as a replacement.^[37]

Kiln House, 1970

Arrival of Christine McVie

After Green left in May 1970 the band considered splitting up.^[40] Kirwan and Spencer were now having to front the band and their morale was low.^[8] Fleetwood said Spencer was terrified of being a front man on his own "and the pressure on Danny's sensitive temperament was tremendous."^[15] He recalled, "There was one terrible night when everybody decided they wanted to leave ... but one by one, I talked them all back in."^[8] They continued briefly as a four-piece and were rescued after the recording of Kiln House by the arrival of keyboard player Christine McVie, described by Fleetwood as "the best blueswoman in England",^[8] as a fifth band member. Fleetwood said, "Christine became the glue ... she filled out our sound beautifully."^[15]

The new line-up allowed Kirwan to develop more melodic rock, included some of McVie's songs,^[15] introduced vocal harmonies^[19] and continued to showcase Spencer's talents.^[15] McVie played her first official gig with Fleetwood Mac on 1 August 1970^[41] at The Warehouse in New Orleans, Louisiana, at the start of a three-month US tour.^[8]

Kirwan compositions

Kirwan and Spencer handled the guitars and vocals together on the Kiln House album, released in the summer of that year, and continued the working relationship they had started during the recording of Spencer's solo album the previous year.^[36] Kirwan's songs on the album included "Station Man", co-written with Spencer and John McVie, which became a live staple into the post-1974 Buckingham-Nicks era.

His other songs were "Jewel-Eyed Judy", dedicated to a friend of the band, Judy Wong; the energetic "Tell Me All the Things You Do", and "Earl Gray", an atmospheric instrumental which Kirwan largely composed while Peter Green was still in the band.^[11] Kirwan also sang distinctive backing vocals on some of Spencer's numbers, such as the 1950s-flavoured album opener "This Is the Rock".{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}} Christine McVie played keyboards and sang backing vocals, uncredited, on the album.^[8]

Other Kirwan compositions from the second half of 1970, such as those which eventually surfaced in the 2003 Madison Blues CD box set, included "Down at the Crown". The lyrics were in reference to a pub down the lane from the communal band house, 'Benifold', in Headley, Hampshire. The unsuccessful single "Dragonfly", recorded late in the year, was also written by Kirwan and included lyrics adapted from a poem by W. H. Davies. This was not the last time Kirwan used a poem as lyrics for a song, and may have been a solution to his apparent occasional lack of inspiration when writing lyrics.^[36] The B-side of the single, "The Purple Dancer", written by Kirwan, Fleetwood and John McVie, featured Kirwan and Spencer duetting on lead vocals.{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}}

Departure of Jeremy Spencer

Two tours of the US followed in support of Kiln House but the second, in February 1971, was blighted by guitarist Jeremy Spencer's bizarre departure from the group. He disappeared in Los Angeles on the afternoon of a sold-out gig at the prestigious Whiskey A Go Go, which had to be cancelled,^[15] and after several days of searching was discovered to have joined the religious sect the Children of God.

Spencer was a devout Christian and away from his rock 'n' roll stage persona he was said to read the Bible and pray every day.^[8] When he was finally tracked down by the band's manager, he said he had been approached by members of the sect, he had joined them of his own free will and he had no further interest in Fleetwood Mac.^[8]

Spencer recalled in later years that at the age of twenty-two he was questioning everything, he had become dissatisfied with his life and he no longer enjoyed playing. He regretted not having gone about his departure in a more thoughtful way, but said "that's just the way it happened ... I needed to get away."^[19] In an interview in 2006 he said, "I knew I had left them [the band] in the lurch, but I prayed desperately for them."^[36] Spencer played what turned out to be his last gig with Kirwan, Fleetwood and John and Christine McVie at the Fillmore West in San Francisco on Sunday 14 February 1971.^[8]

Return of Peter Green

The band had an uncomfortable time completing the tour without him. Spencer had been an essential part of the Kiln House material they were performing, and his Elmore James blues set and his rock 'n' roll Elvis act had been vital parts of the show. They had another six weeks of contracted gigs to do that could not be performed with only one guitarist, and they would face financial ruin if they cancelled the tour.^[8] In desperation, manager Clifford Davis phoned Peter Green in England and asked if he would temporarily rejoin the band to save them from disaster.^[8]^[42]

Green had left Fleetwood Mac nearly a year previously, had renounced the music business, had said he had no further interest in playing and had given away all his guitars,^[43] but “in a spirit of friendship” he agreed to do it.^[8] He had one condition: that each show would consist mostly of improvisation and free-form jamming.^[44] Fleetwood recalled, “We had no choice. We were absolutely shattered by Jeremy’s defection.”^[8] The next day, Friday 19 February 1971,^[45] Green arrived in Los Angeles after a fourteen-hour flight from London and was taken straight to Swing Stadium in San Bernardino, California, where he played his first gig of the tour with his old band after a half-hour rehearsal in the dressing room.^[44]

Fleetwood commented later that jamming and improvising a show each night “made for an interesting six weeks, because not once did we take the stage knowing what the set was going to be."^[15] In later years bass player John McVie would remember that kind of performing as "invigorating", but at the time, he said, "We were scared stiff. We would go on stage every night, look at the audience and not have a clue what we were going to play."^[44] The band's jamming was received enthusiastically by the American audiences. Fleetwood recalled, "The whole act seemed to go down pretty well. We were always called back for encores."^[8]

Once they got into their stride, Kirwan is reported to have felt annoyed and overshadowed because Green was taking a leading role in their guitar playing on stage.^[44] After one gig at which Fleetwood Mac were the headliners he is said to have thrown a bottle of beer over Green in the dressing room.^[44] Green's biographer Martin Celmins said Green had not been trying to put Kirwan down. "[Peter] was playing around him on stage to try to egg him on, but Danny didn't have the fire or the skills of improvisation, so he got very frustrated."^[44]

The final gig of the tour was in New York on Saturday 27 March 1971,^[46] the second of two nights at the Rock Pile on Long Island.^[47]^[48] Until then Green had kept a relatively low profile, but in his last ever performance with Fleetwood Mac he "took the place by storm" with a four-hour improvised version of "Black Magic Woman".^[49] Promoter Bill Graham almost started a riot when he tried to end the show at midnight and Green finally ran out of ideas at 4am.^[44] Fleetwood reflected later that, in the end, the tour had been a success and those six weeks were the most lucrative run they had ever had.^[50]

Bob Welch

Welch and Fleetwood Mac

Californian guitarist Bob Welch was recruited to replace Spencer in April 1971,^[51] without an audition, after a few weeks of getting to know him.^[40] He arrived from Paris, France, where he had been left stranded after his previous band fell apart in the middle of a tour.^[8] Fleetwood said later, "We tried a few others but Bob was the perfect fit.^[43] We loved his personality. His musical roots were in R&B instead of blues [and] we thought it would be an interesting blend. He had a precise sense of phrasing and timing and he was well-trained, as opposed to us, who had just wandered into it."^[8]

Welch recalled, "Immediately I began to discover Fleetwood Mac's unusual organisational methods. I was expecting they'd tell me to learn these songs and sing this way, but it was nothing like that. We just jammed and played some blues on the side."^[8] Welch was "put to work right away" in a summer 1971 tour of the British circuit and some European dates^[8] and he remembered, "Mick ran a loose ship. Most of the time it was jam city. We basically got drunk and had a good time."^[8]

Welch later described what it was like working with the band.^[159] "Touring was a lot of fun. We played with Deep Purple, Savoy Brown, Van Morrison, Alice Cooper and others, only it was exhausting, because we would have ridiculous itineraries, like going from Tampa Fla to Seattle WA and back in 36 hours. Fleetwood Mac used to rock pretty hard opening for Deep Purple. As I remember, we always got a couple of encores. Their crowd seemed to like us. An abiding memory would be 'really getting into it' on stage, jamming at the end of a song and making things up as we went along, not knowing how it was going to come out, or how it was going to end."^[160]

Welch described Fleetwood as "a gifted drummer" and said John McVie was one of the most inventive bass players he had ever worked with.^[159] He remembered Kirwan's lead guitar style as mature and economical.

Welch and Kirwan

Welch's contrasting attitudes towards Kirwan – on one hand a difficult personal relationship, and on the other his respect for Kirwan's musicianship – were a point of focus during the sixteen months they were together in Fleetwood Mac. Fleetwood remembered, "The two of them were very different as people and as musicians."^[52] A "personality clash" developed^[8] and by 1972, under the strain of touring, Kirwan was arguing with Welch and "picking fights".^[52]

Welch commented later, "Danny was a brilliant musician [but he] wasn't a very lighthearted person, to say the least. He probably shouldn't have been drinking as much as he did, even at his young age. He was always very intense about his work, as I was, but he didn't seem to ever be able to distance himself from it and laugh about it. Danny was the definition of 'deadly serious'."^[53]

Welch recalled, "I thought he was a nice kid, but a little bit paranoid, a little bit disturbed. He would always take things I said wrongly. He would take offence at things for no reason ... I thought it was just me, but as I got to know the rest of the band, they'd say 'Oh yes, Danny, a little... strange'."^[54] Welch also hinted at musical differences. "I think Danny thought I was too clever a player ... too jazzy, too many weird notes. I don't feel he loved my stuff to death."^[159]

In a Penguin Q&A session in 1999, Welch said, "Danny Kirwan was a very innovative and exciting player, singer and writer. He was a very intuitive musician ... he played with surprising maturity and soulfulness. I always loved Danny's playing in Fleetwood Mac and on his solo work. His Second Chapter is one of the sweetest albums I have."^[159]

Future Games, 1971

On the last two Fleetwood Mac albums which featured Kirwan, his songs occupied about half of each album. His guitar work was also evident on songs written by Welch and McVie as they developed their own songwriting techniques. Future Games, recorded at Advision Studios in London in the middle of a hectic tour schedule^[8] and released in September 1971, was a departure from the previous album with the absence of Spencer and his 50s rock 'n' roll parodies. Welch brought a couple of new songs, notably the lengthy title track which featured Welch and Kirwan playing long instrumental sections. Welch recalled later, "I mostly did the rhythm guitar parts. Danny and I worked together pretty well."^[55]

Kirwan contributed the album's opening track, "Woman of 1000 Years", which, according to one unknown critic at the time, "floated on a languid sea of echo-laden acoustic and electric guitars".^[56] His other songs were the melodic "Sands of Time", which Warner Bros. Records chose as a single in the US, and the country-flavoured "Sometimes" which suggested the route he would later take during his solo career. Kirwan's influence can also be heard on the two Christine McVie songs, "Morning Rain" and "Show Me a Smile".{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}} McVie said later that Kirwan's "Woman of 1000 Years" and "Sands of Time" were "killer songs".^[57] Welch said "Woman of 1000 Years" was "Danny at his best."^[58]

Bare Trees, 1972

Bare Trees was recorded at DeLane Lea Studios in London and released in March 1972. The album contained five Kirwan songs, including another instrumental, "Sunny Side of Heaven". The lyric for the album-closer, "Dust", was taken from a poem about death by British war poet Rupert Brooke, although Brooke was not credited. "Danny's Chant" featured heavy use of the wah-wah guitar effect and was essentially an instrumental piece, except for Kirwan's wordless, rhythmic scat vocals.

"Bare Trees" and "Child of Mine", which touched upon the absence of Kirwan's father during his childhood, opened each side of the LP and under Welch's influence^[159] showed funk and slight jazz leanings. An unissued Kirwan track, "Trinity", was played live for a period during 1971–1972 and the studio version was eventually released on the 1992 box set 25 Years – The Chain.{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}}

Welch commented later, "There was no overall plan to make Bare Trees sound bleak, it just happened. I think a lot of that mood comes from Danny's angst in his writing. His songs always had a kind of loneliness and forlornness about them. He was not exactly a happy-go-lucky guy."^[159]

The American music magazine Rolling Stone published a review of Bare Trees in the issue dated 8 June 1972. Reviewer Bud Scoppa said how much he had liked the previous albums, Kiln House and Future Games. He found Bare Trees "more introspective" but harder-hitting and he said, "As before, it's Danny Kirwan who makes the difference." He likened "the kind of music the new Mac plays" to "the moody rock of the middle-period Beatles" and commented on the resemblance of Kirwan's style, with his "deft melodic touch", to Paul McCartney's. He noted that after Spencer had left, Kirwan had become "the sole focal figure". He said Kirwan's "Jewel-Eyed Judy", "Tell Me All the Things You Do" and "Station Man" were "among the best examples of the soft-hard rock song, with their silky vocals and smoking guitars." Scoppa ended the review by saying:

Firing from Fleetwood Mac

Pressure and stress

By the summer of 1972 Kirwan had been writing, recording, touring and performing continuously for nearly four years, since the age of eighteen, as a member of a major international band.^[8] He had shouldered much of the songwriting responsibility during the band's recent troubled and uncertain period and through changes in line-up and musical style. He had also found himself pushed into the spotlight as lead guitarist and front man to replace Peter Green.^[8] The pressure eventually affected his health: he developed serious problems with alcoholism and there are stories of him not eating for several days at a time and subsisting mostly on beer.

The pressure and stress of life on the road, of constant travelling, performing and exhausting schedules, particularly affected Kirwan. As the band's 1972 tour progressed he became increasingly hostile and withdrawn and began drinking heavily.^[8] Fleetwood said, "On that long tour in 1972 Danny became quite volatile^[8] ... He just got more and more intense. He wouldn't talk to anyone. He was going inside himself, which we put down to an emotional problem that we had no idea about. We thought he was just being awkward. I had no idea he was struggling at that level."^[60] He said,

Meltdown

Kirwan became estranged from the other members of the band^[8]^[15] and things came to a head in August.^[15] Backstage before a concert on the 1972 US tour to promote Bare Trees, he argued with Welch over tuning their guitars and suddenly flew into a violent rage,^[15] banging his head and fists against the wall. He smashed his Gibson Les Paul guitar, trashed the dressing room^[15] and refused to go on stage. Kirwan watched from the mixing desk as the rest of the band struggled through the gig without him and offered unwelcome criticism afterwards.^[61]

Other members of the band recalled Kirwan's meltdown. Welch said, "We had a university gig somewhere. Danny started to throw this major fit in the dressing room. He had a beautiful guitar ... [a vintage Les Paul Black Beauty.^[159]] First he started banging the wall with his fists, then he threw his guitar at the mirror, which shattered, raining glass everywhere. He was pissed out of his brain, which he was for most of the time. We couldn't reason with him."^[62]

Fleetwood said, "We all felt a blow-up was brewing, but we didn't expect what happened. We were sitting backstage waiting to go on. Danny was being odd about tuning his guitar. He went off on a rant about Bob not being in tune ... He got up suddenly ... and bashed his head into the wall, splattering blood everywhere. I'd never seen him do anything that violent in all the years I'd known him. The rest of us were paralysed, in complete shock. He grabbed his precious Les Paul guitar and smashed it to bits. Then he set about demolishing everything in the dressing room as we all sat and watched. When there was nothing left to throw at the wall or overturn, he calmed down. Five minutes to showtime and there was blood everywhere. Danny said 'I'm not going on'. We were already late to the stage and we could hear the crowd chanting for us. We had to go on stage without him."^[15]^[63]^[8]^[64]

The band struggled through the gig without a lead guitarist, with Welch trying to cover Kirwan's lead parts.^[8] Welch remembered, "I was extremely pissed off and the set seemed to drag on for ever. To do a whole set without Danny was tough, because all the band arrangements depended on him being there for a guitar part or a vocal part or whatever. I think we told the audience Danny was sick, which I guess he was, in a way."^[58]

Firing from band

After a conference between the other band members back at the hotel, Kirwan was sacked. Fleetwood, who had been the only member of the band still speaking to him, said later,

Fleetwood said in 1976, "It was a torment for him, really, to be up there [on stage], and it reduced him to someone who you just looked at and thought 'My God'. It was more a thing of, although he was asked to leave, the way I was looking at it was, I hoped it was almost putting him out of his agony,"^[40] adding later, "I don't think he's ever forgiven me."^[67] He said in 2014, "Danny was wonderful, but he couldn't handle the life.^[68] Fleetwood has also commented, "[Danny] just wasn't cut out for the world of showbiz.^[9] It was too much pressure. He and Peter [Green] were both highly sensitive people."^[60]

Welch said that up until then the band had remained loyal to Kirwan, even when he became impossible to work with. "I would say, 'the guy doesn't show up to rehearsals, he's embarrassing, he's paranoid, we've spent five hours dealing with him', but Mick, John and Christine remained loyal to him because he was Peter's protégé."^[55]

Kirwan said in an interview in 1993, "I couldn't handle it all mentally. I had to get out."^[69]

His reaction after being sacked was initially one of surprise, and it seemed he had little idea of how alienated from the other band members he had become.^[40] Shortly afterwards he met his replacement Bob Weston in a musicians' bar in London. Weston described the meeting: "He was aware that I was taking over and rather sarcastically wished me the best of luck – then paused and added, 'You're gonna need it.' I read between the lines that he was pretty angry with the band."^[70]

Fleetwood rationalised the decision to fire Kirwan as a way to put him out of his misery.^[71] Kirwan however, in an interview with The Independent in 1993, looked back at his time with the band and his departure without any resentment. He said,

Solo career and beyond

Hungry Fighter, 1974

In early 1974 Kirwan and another recently departed member of Fleetwood Mac, guitarist Dave Walker, joined forces with keyboardist Paul Raymond, bassist Andy Silvester and drummer Mac Poole to form a short-lived band called Hungry Fighter.^[73]^[74] This group played only one gig, at the University of Surrey in Guildford, England, which was not recorded. Walker remembered, "Danny was an incredible talent ... at this time [his] guitar playing was still superb, but he was becoming increasingly withdrawn."^[74]

Walker said the band did not function properly because "perhaps we were not focused enough musically, and in addition, Danny Kirwan's problems were just starting and this made communication extremely difficult."^[74] He said Kirwan's alcoholism had been a factor, "and although musically some interesting stuff was going on, the whole focus of the project left a bit to be desired."^[74]

Walker had previously been a member of a late-60s UK band which opened a show for Fleetwood Mac at the Lyceum Theatre in London in 1969.^[74] In a Penguin Q&A session in 2000 he recalled Kirwan's guitar playing being "very classy."^[74] He commented,

Other sessions: Youlden, Tramp

After leaving Fleetwood Mac, Kirwan worked with Chris Youlden of Savoy Brown on his solo album Nowhere Road (1973).{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}}

In 1974 Kirwan worked again with Mick Fleetwood at Southern Music Studio in Denmark Street, London,^[75] in recording sessions for the second album of London-based blues band Tramp. The band's bass player Bob Brunning, Fleetwood Mac's first bassist,^[76] said Kirwan seemed to have recovered from his Fleetwood Mac traumas. He remembered him being "extremely friendly and cooperative" and said he was a pleasure to work with.^[77] Kirwan played with Tramp in a 1974 BBC Radio One live broadcast to promote the album.^[75] Tramp later performed a few live shows with Kirwan on guitar and Fleetwood as one of the drummers.^[39]

Solo albums, 1975–1979

Guided by ex-Fleetwood Mac manager Clifford Davis, Kirwan recorded three solo albums for DJM Records between 1975 and 1979. These albums showed a gentler side of his music, as opposed to the blues guitar dynamics of his Fleetwood Mac years. The first of these, Second Chapter [1975], exhibited various musical influences, including a style close to that of Paul McCartney later in his Beatles career.^[78] Many of the songs were very simple musically, with little more than infectious melody and basic lyrics to sustain them. Lyrical themes rarely ventured beyond love.{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}} A Rolling Stone review of Bare Trees in 1972 commented on the similarity of Kirwan's musical style to Paul McCartney's.^[79] Kirwan said in 1997 that McCartney had been one of his early influences.^[27]

Midnight in San Juan [1976] featured a reggae-inspired cover of The Beatles' "Let It Be", which was released as a single in the USA. Otherwise Kirwan tended towards simpler tunes and dispensed with the heavy production which had dominated his previous album. The lyrics were still mostly about love but were less cheerful than before, with growing themes of loneliness and isolation, such as on the closing track, "Castaway". One song, "Look Around You", was written by fellow Mac refugee Dave Walker, with whom Kirwan had worked in Hungry Fighter a couple of years previously.{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}}

Kirwan's last album, Hello There Big Boy!, recorded in London in January 1979, featured guitar contributions from his Fleetwood Mac replacement Bob Weston on two tracks, "Getting the Feeling" and "You".^[70] Weston said later, "As an experience it was difficult. Danny was barricaded in a womb of studio baffle boards much of the time. He had become totally reclusive. Danny appears to have played rhythm guitar on that album, but he couldn't handle the lead guitar work. It was evident he'd fallen totally apart."^[70]

Kirwan was not well at this time and it is not clear how much, if any, guitar work he contributed to the recording, although he did sing on all the tracks. Fewer of the songs were self-penned and there was one song, "Only You", which was retrieved from his Fleetwood Mac days. There were also backing vocalists for the first time, and the musical style was much less distinct. A record company press release stated that producer Clifford Davis had added contributions from 87 musicians to the final recording.^[80] Davis later described the album as "so bad", adding, "[Kirwan] had to finish it for contractual reasons, but I had to put down the acoustic guitar parts and the vocals and everything else. I even picked the songs."^[61]

None of Kirwan's solo releases was commercially successful, which could be attributed to his reluctance to perform live. Kirwan did not play any live gigs after a few shows with Tramp and a single performance with Hungry Fighter, all in 1974. This left all three of his solo albums unsupported by any form of extra exposure or active promotion, apart from an irregular string of equally unsuccessful singles. None of his singles were released in continental Europe, where he might have enjoyed some success given Peter Green's resurgence there, particularly in Germany.^[81]

Personal life

Kirwan married Clare Stock in 1971 but was divorced a few years later.^[80] They had one son, Dominic Daniel, born in 1971.^[82]

Mental health

Fleetwood Mac period, 1968-1972

Kirwan was described by those who knew him in Fleetwood Mac, between the ages of 18 and 22, as a brilliant and exceptionally talented musician, but also as shy, sensitive, nervous, withdrawn and difficult to work with. Christine McVie said in 2018, "Danny was a troubled man and a difficult person to get to know. He was a loner."^[245] John McVie recalled, "Danny was a very nice guy, nervous and shy ... he had a lot of insecurity."^[83] In an interview in 2018, Jeremy Spencer remembered Kirwan as "jittery and nervous".^[84] Mick Fleetwood commented, sympathetically, that Kirwan had "carried all his emotional baggage around with him",^[8] and Bob Welch said Kirwan was one of the strangest people he had ever met.^[85] A member of the band Kirwan was in briefly in early 1974 recalled, "Danny had a touch of genius, but the poor fellow was a bag of nerves. I found it hard to have a conversation with him."^[245]

In 1969 Peter Green described Kirwan, then aged 19, as neurotic and prone to worrying. He said, "[Danny] has done some incredible things on the new LP and we're proud to have him with us, [but] he's neurotic and worries about everything. Whenever he has to be anywhere he gets there about an hour early. He even worries about simple things like catching a bus. He bites his nails until they bleed. He's either right up or right down, either raving or worrying."^[11]

Bob Welch worked with Kirwan in Fleetwood Mac from April 1971 until August 1972. He recalled, "I thought he was a nice kid, but a little bit paranoid, defensive, a little bit disturbed. He would always take things I said wrongly ... He would take offence at things for no reason. He'd play something and I'd say, 'That's kinda nice' and he'd say, 'Kind of nice? You mean you don't like it?' I thought it was just me, but as I got to know the rest of the band they'd say, 'Oh yes, Danny, a little... strange'."^[54]

In Penguin Q&A sessions in 1999 and 2003, Welch said, "Danny Kirwan was a wonderful musician, and we had no problems there at all. It was just his personality ... he was 'ill' even then, I think ... he acted paranoid, like people didn't mean it when they complimented him. He was suspicious of people's motives. I would try to have rational conversations with him but he always seemed to respond with suspicion, as if there was some kind of subtext to what I was saying. In the end he was making us all feel uncomfortable. He didn't have a real easygoing manner or, as I recall, much of a sense of humour. He was a sort of 'moody genius' type to work with. I didn't understand Danny at all […] But he was such a sweet and charming singer and writer. The contrast couldn't have been greater between what he sounded like and what it was like to be around him."^[86]^[53]

Kirwan's mental state appears to have been fragile before he became involved with Fleetwood Mac. The band's manager, Clifford Davis, said Kirwan's mother had split from his father "and Danny was always trying to find him. He had a lot of problems with self-confidence and security ... Hurled into the Fleetwood Mac circus in his teens, he found the fame hard to cope with."^[87] In his song "Child of Mine", evidently dedicated to his infant son, which opened Bare Trees in 1972, Kirwan wrote "I won't leave you, no not like my father did."

Alcohol and drugs

Alcohol and drugs appear to have contributed to Kirwan's decline. Green's biographer Martin Celmins said that by the age of 21, after two and a half years as a professional musician, Kirwan was "lost in a drink and drugs wasteland."^[88] A lot of pressure and responsibility had fallen on his shoulders after Green left the band in 1970 and he had found it difficult to cope.^[88] By 1972 he was drinking heavily and showing signs of alcoholism^[52] and he had experimented with LSD and mescaline.^[8]^[15] Celmins quoted Fleetwood's first wife, Jenny Boyd, who knew Kirwan, as saying, "I think drugs and alcohol got Danny totally nuts in the end. He was just too sensitive a soul."^[88] In the late 1970s Kirwan's mental health deteriorated, and after a difficult time recording his final solo album in January 1979^[89] he played no further part in the music industry.

Homelessness

During the 1980s and 1990s Kirwan endured a period of homelessness in London.^[90] Fleetwood met Kirwan in 1980 and recalled, "It was heartbreaking. He'd slept on a park bench the night before."^[91] In 1989 Fleetwood Mac's first bass player, Bob Brunning, wanting to interview Kirwan for a book he was writing, tracked him down to the St Mungo's Community Hostel for the Homeless in London's Soho. Brunning said Kirwan was "still slim, but puffy-cheeked and highly agitated. He couldn't talk coherently, just said, 'Can't help you Bob. Too much stress'."^[92]

In 1993 Fleetwood contacted the Missing Persons Bureau in London from Los Angeles and Kirwan, then aged 42, was traced to a hostel for the homeless^[91] where he had been for the past four years, "carrying all his wordly goods in a rucsac" and living on social security and royalties.^[91] Kirwan was interviewed by the British newspaper The Independent. He said, "I've been through a bit of a rough patch, but I'm not too bad. I get by. I suppose I am homeless, but then I've never really had a home since our early days on tour."^[93]^[91]

In 1994 he was said to be "a homeless alcoholic, divorced, with a son he hardly ever sees."^[271] In March 1996 he was reported to be sleeping on park benches and was a semi-permanent resident of a hostel for the homeless.^[93] Around this time his ex-wife was quoted as saying, "[Danny] lives a very simple life and is pretty much disconnected from what you or I would call reality."^[60]

In July 2000, a few weeks after his 50th birthday, Kirwan was settled in a care home for alcoholics in South London, where he had been for some time, and was looking "fitter, stronger and more together." He was said to keep a guitar in his room, "which he played often for his own pleasure."^[94] In 2002 Jeremy Spencer visited him with Kirwan's ex-wife and son. Kirwan was "well looked after and visited by family and friends."^[95]

Final interview

Music writer Martin Celmins met Kirwan in the hostel where he was staying in London and managed a brief interview, which was published in The Guitar Magazine [UK] in July 1997. Celmins said Kirwan was "mostly cheery ... and able to express his views forcefully and articulately." Celmins asked Kirwan how he had come to play the blues. Kirwan said, "I was around and gathered it all up and got involved. I didn't think 'I want to be a musician'. It just kind of happened ... I got into the blues and it got into my system." He said his favourite bluesmen were Albert King and Otis Rush. Rush "had this nice sting in his playing ... that was his stamp." Celmins asked about big-band music and Django Reinhardt. "Those were the kind of records I'd buy. I worked out 'Jigsaw Puzzle Blues' from that stuff and then played the signals to the rest of the band. John McVie knew every signal you could give out – signals to say, 'You do this' and 'You do that', and they'd do it and it would all come together. That band was so clever – they knew all the signals and could do it." Celmins asked how he had joined Fleetwood Mac. Kirwan said, "Mick Fleetwood asked me ... I didn't know what to think once I'd joined because ... then I was on stage and there were television cameras and I got a bit paranoid."^[27]

Kirwan said, "I always liked Mick Fleetwood – he was like family. I still think of them as friends. John McVie is the cleverest person. A nice bloke and highly intelligent. He was my best friend in the band at the time ... Jeremy Spencer was a bit sarcastic. And although I used to get on with John and Mick, it got very cliquey ... So I wasn't actually a part of them really. I only got mixed up with them ... [Peter and I] played some good stuff together, we played well together, but we didn't get on. I was a bit temperamental, you see."^[27]

Munich commune incident, 1970

In a 2009 BBC documentary about Peter Green, and also in Bob Brunning's book 'Fleetwood Mac: The First 30 Years' [1998],^[96] the band's manager, Clifford Davis, blamed Kirwan's mental deterioration on the same incident in March 1970 that is alleged to have damaged Green's mental stability: a reaction to LSD taken at a hippie commune in Munich in the middle of a European tour. Davis said, "Peter Green and Danny Kirwan both went together to that house in Munich, both of them took acid as I understand it, [and] both of them, as of that day, became seriously mentally ill."^[97]

Other sources, however, say that Kirwan was not present at the commune in Munich. Fleetwood Mac roadie Dinky Dawson remembers that only two of the Fleetwood Mac contingent went to the party: Green and another roadie, Dennis Keane. Dawson states that Kirwan did not go to the commune, and that when Keane returned to the band's hotel and told them that Green would not leave the commune, neither Kirwan nor Davis went to fetch him, leaving the task to Keane, Dawson and Mick Fleetwood.^[98]

Keane agrees with Dawson's account, except for the details that he phoned Davis from the commune and did not physically return to the hotel to fetch help; and that Davis accompanied Dawson and Fleetwood to fetch Green.^[99] Green said of the incident, "To my knowledge, only Dennis and myself out of the English lot went there."^[99] Jeremy Spencer has suggested that he was also present at the commune and arrived later with Fleetwood.^[100] Neither Keane, Dawson, Green nor Spencer mention Kirwan being present at the commune.

LSD and mescaline

Kirwan appears, however, to have taken LSD before the Munich commune incident. Fleetwood stated in his autobiography that the band took LSD together when they arrived in New York in December 1968 at the start of their second US tour.^[8] They opened for the Grateful Dead at the Fillmore East^[8] and after the gig they were offered "the best, most pure LSD available."^[8] Fleetwood said, "We all wanted to try it ... We all had a go."^[8] He said they took the LSD in a hotel room in New York, "sitting in a circle on the floor, holding hands",^[15] and later took more LSD trips together as "a bonding experience."^[15]

Later developments

Kirwan was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1998 for his work as part of Fleetwood Mac. He did not travel to the induction ceremony.^[101]

Peter Green said in a Penguin Q&A session in 1999 that all the [early Fleetwood Mac] musicians were receiving their share of royalties, although there had been difficulty over the years in collecting some of them. He said, "Danny Kirwan is still receiving his and is doing OK."^[102]

Kirwan's three solo albums were given a belated CD release in February 2006, but only in Japan. A limited edition of 2,500 copies of "Second Chapter" was issued by Repertoire Records in early 2008. The rights and royalties situation regarding these releases is currently such that it is not commonly known if Kirwan's estate will receive any income from them. Prior to this, only Second Chapter had been available on CD, for a brief period in Germany in 1993. The rights are now owned by Clifford Davis.{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}}

During the mid-2000s, there were rumours of a reunion of the early line-up of Fleetwood Mac, involving Green and Spencer. The two guitarists apparently remained unconvinced about a reunion^[36] and Kirwan made no comment on the subject. In April 2006, during a question-and-answer session on the Penguin Fleetwood Mac fan website, bass player John McVie said of the reunion idea, "If we could get Peter and Jeremy to do it, I'd probably, maybe, do it. I know Mick would do it in a flash. Unfortunately, I don't think there's much chance of Danny doing it. Bless his heart."^[103]

Death

Date, place and cause

Danny Kirwan died in London, England, on 8 June 2018.^[104] An obituary in The New York Times quoted Kirwan's former wife, Clare Morris, as saying that he had died in his sleep after contracting pneumonia earlier in the year and never fully recovering from it.^[82]

Tributes

In a statement posted on Facebook, Mick Fleetwood said, "Danny's true legacy will forever live on in the music he wrote and played so beautifully as a part of the foundation of Fleetwood Mac that has now endured for over fifty years. Thank you, Danny Kirwan. You will forever be missed."^[105]

Fleetwood had previously said in an interview, "I cared for Danny a lot and I care for his legacy. Danny was a quantum leap ahead of us creatively. He was a hugely important part of the band."^[60]

The British music magazine Mojo, in a two-page tribute to Kirwan's life and music, quoted Christine McVie as saying: "Danny Kirwan was the white English blues guy. Nobody else could play like him. He was a one-off ... Danny and Peter gelled so well together. Danny had a very precise, piercing vibrato – a unique sound ... He was a perfectionist ... Listen to "Woman of 1000 Years", "Sands of Time", "Tell Me All the Things You Do" – they're killer songs. He was a fantastic musician and a fantastic writer." Jeremy Spencer said, "Danny brought inventiveness and melody to the band ... I was timid about stepping out with new ideas, but Danny was brimming with them."^[95]

In 1999 Bob Welch said Kirwan had been "a talented and gifted musician; an innovative and exciting player, singer and writer. As a musician he was developed way beyond his years."^[86] Mick Fleetwood said in 1990, "Danny was an exceptional guitar player who inspired Peter into writing the most moving and powerful songs of his life."^[8]

Equipment

Discography

Solo albums

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://search.ancestrylibraryedition.co.uk/cgi-bin/sse.dll?_phsrc=lmg1&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&indiv=1&qh=ALiEVeiOpj4nNA74E7n2Bg%3D%3D&db=ONSBirth84&gss=angs-d&new=1&rank=1&msT=1&gsfn=daniel%20david&gsfn_x=0&gsln=langran&gsln_x=0&msbdm=3&msbdy=1950&msbpn__ftp=London&MSAV=1&uidh=54g&pcat=34&fh=0&h=92700487&recoff=&ml_rpos=1|title=Birth name of Danny Kirwan|accessdate= 25 August 2018|work=GRO Birth Indexes}}
2. ^¹² Ram Jam City sleeve notes, Mooncrest Records, London, 2000: Martin Celmins
3. ^¹²³⁴Brunning, B (1998): Fleetwood Mac – The First 30 Years. London: Omnibus Press
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://search.ancestrylibraryedition.co.uk/cgi-bin/sse.dll?_phsrc=lmg2&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&indiv=1&qh=ALiEVeiOpj4nNA74E7n2Bg%3D%3D&db=ONSmarriage1984&gss=angs-d&new=1&rank=1&msT=1&gsfn=Phyllis%20Rose%20&gsfn_x=0&gsln=Langran&gsln_x=0&msgdy=1958&msgpn__ftp=London&mssns=Kirwan&MSAV=1&uidh=54g&pcat=34&fh=0&h=34712471&recoff=&ml_rpos=1|title=Marriage of mother of Danny Kirwan|accessdate=25 August 2018|work=GRO Civil Registration Marriage Index}}
5. ^{{cite book | last = Celmins | first = Martin | title = Peter Green: Founder of Fleetwood Mac | publisher = Castle | page = 66 | isbn = 1-898141-13-4 }}
6. ^Brunning, B (1998): Fleetwood Mac – The First 30 Years. London: Omnibus Press
7. ^{{cite book|last=Rawlings|first=Terry|title=Then, now and rare British Beat 1960-1969|year=2002|publisher=Omnibus Press|isbn=0-7119-9094-8|page=77}}
8. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰¹¹¹²¹³¹⁴¹⁵¹⁶¹⁷¹⁸¹⁹²⁰²¹²²²³²⁴²⁵²⁶²⁷²⁸²⁹³⁰³¹³²³³³⁴³⁵³⁶³⁷³⁸³⁹⁴⁰⁴¹⁴²⁴³⁴⁴⁴⁵⁴⁶⁴⁷⁴⁸⁴⁹⁵⁰⁵¹⁵²⁵³⁵⁴⁵⁵⁵⁶⁵⁷⁵⁸⁵⁹⁶⁰⁶¹⁶²⁶³⁶⁴⁶⁵⁶⁶⁶⁷⁶⁸⁶⁹{{cite book|author=Mick Fleetwood with Stephen Davis|title=My Life and Adventures with Fleetwood Mac|date=1990|publisher= Sidgewick & Jackson, London|}}
9. ^¹²{{cite book | last = Celmins | first = Martin | title = Peter Green: Founder of Fleetwood Mac | publisher = Castle | page = 67 | isbn = 1-898141-13-4 }}
10. ^{{cite web|work= The Penguin |url= http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/qa/jeremyspencer_qa1.htm |title= The Penguin Q&A Sessions: Jeremy Spencer, June 1999 |date= June 1999 |accessdate= 2008-05-20 }}
11. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰¹¹¹²¹³¹⁴¹⁵¹⁶{{cite AV media notes|others= Fleetwood Mac |title= The Vaudeville Years |titlelink= The Vaudeville Years |type= CD booklet notes |year= 1998 |publisher= Receiver Records }}
12. ^{{cite AV media notes|first= Mike |last= Vernon |title= The Complete Blue Horizon Sessions |titlelink= The Complete Blue Horizon Sessions |year= 1999 |others= Fleetwood Mac |type= CD box set booklet |publisher= Sire Records }}
13. ^Brunning, B (1998): Fleetwood Mac – The First 30 Years. London: Omnibus Press p18
14. ^Brunning, B (1998): Fleetwood Mac – The First 30 Years. London: Omnibus Press p18
15. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰¹¹¹²¹³¹⁴¹⁵¹⁶¹⁷¹⁸¹⁹{{cite book|author=Mick Fleetwood|title=Play On: Now, Then and Fleetwood Mac|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pX_WAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT76|date=30 October 2014|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton|isbn=978-1-4447-5326-4|pages=}}
16. ^¹²³{{cite AV media notes|others= Fleetwood Mac |title= Show-Biz Blues |titlelink= Show-Biz Blues |type= CD booklet notes |year= 2001 |publisher= Receiver Records }}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/jun/14/danny-kirwan-obituary|title=Danny Kirwan obituary|last=Sweeting|first=Adam|date=2018-06-14|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-06-14}}
18. ^¹²³Brunning, B (1998): Fleetwood Mac – The First 30 Years. London: Omnibus Press p19
19. ^¹²³{{cite web|work= The Penguin |url= http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/qa/jeremyspencer_qa1.htm |title= The Penguin Q&A Sessions: Jeremy Spencer, June 1999 |date= June 1999 |accessdate= 2018-11-19 }}
20. ^Danny Kirwin obituary//www.rhino.com
21. ^¹{{cite book | last = Celmins | first = Martin | title = Peter Green: Founder of Fleetwood Mac | publisher = Castle | pages = 67,76 | isbn = 1-898141-13-4 }}
22. ^¹{{cite book | last = Celmins | first = Martin | title = Peter Green: Founder of Fleetwood Mac | publisher = Castle | pages = 220 | isbn = 1-898141-13-4 }}
23. ^¹²³{{cite book | last = Celmins | first = Martin | title = Peter Green: Founder of Fleetwood Mac | publisher = Castle | page = 78 | isbn = 1-898141-13-4 }}
24. ^{{cite book | last = Celmins | first = Martin | title = Peter Green: Founder of Fleetwood Mac | publisher = Castle | page = 79-80 | isbn = 1-898141-13-4 }}
25. ^{{cite book | last = Celmins | first = Martin | title = Peter Green: Founder of Fleetwood Mac | publisher = Castle | page = 79-80 | isbn = 1-898141-13-4 }}
26. ^{{cite book | last = Celmins | first = Martin | title = Peter Green: Founder of Fleetwood Mac | publisher = Castle | page = | isbn = 1-898141-13-4 }}
27. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶ The Guitar Magazine, Bath, UK, vol 7, no.9, July 1997: "A Rare Encounter with Danny Kirwan": Martin Celmins
28. ^Brunning, B (1998): Fleetwood Mac – The First 30 Years. London: Omnibus Press. p21
29. ^{{cite book | last = Celmins | first = Martin | title = Peter Green: Founder of Fleetwood Mac | publisher = Castle | page = 88 | isbn = 1-898141-13-4 }}
30. ^{{cite book | last = Celmins | first = Martin | title = Peter Green: Founder of Fleetwood Mac | publisher = Castle | page = 88 | isbn = 1-898141-13-4 }}
31. ^{{cite book | last = Celmins | first = Martin | title = Peter Green: Founder of Fleetwood Mac | publisher = Castle | page = 119 | isbn = 1-898141-13-4 }}
32. ^{{cite book | last = Celmins | first = Martin | title = Peter Green: Founder of Fleetwood Mac | publisher = Castle | pages = 119-120 | isbn = 1-898141-13-4 }}
33. ^{{cite book | last = Celmins | first = Martin | title = Peter Green: Founder of Fleetwood Mac | publisher = Castle | page = 111 | isbn = 1-898141-13-4 }}
34. ^Brunning, B (1998): Fleetwood Mac – The First 30 Years. London: Omnibus Press. pp29-30
35. ^{{cite AV media notes | title=Christine Perfect | others=Christine Perfect | type= LP album sleeve notes | year=1970 | titlelink=Christine Perfect (album) | publisher=Blue Horizon}}
36. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal|title=The Return of Jeremy Spencer |authorlink=Bill Wasserzieher |last=Wasserzieher |first=Bill |journal=Blues Revue |url=http://www.bluesrevue.com/jeremyspencer.html |accessdate=2008-05-20 |date=October 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220105101/http://www.bluesrevue.com/jeremyspencer.html |archivedate=20 February 2008 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
37. ^¹²Brunning, B (1998): Fleetwood Mac – The First 30 Years. London: Omnibus Press p27
38. ^Brunning, B (1998): Fleetwood Mac – The First 30 Years. London: Omnibus Press p9
39. ^¹{{cite web|work= The Penguin |url= http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/qa/bobbrunning_qa1.htm |title= The Penguin Q&A Sessions: Bob Brunning, May 2001 |date= May 2001 |accessdate= 2018-11-19 }}
40. ^¹²³{{cite episode | series=Insight | network = BBC | title=Interview with Mick Fleetwood, John McVie, and Christine McVie|airdate=November 1976 | url=http://www.fmlegacy.com/articles/interview_insight76.html | accessdate=2008-05-20}}
41. ^The Warehouse Concerts List 1970-1982,www.blackstrat.net
42. ^{{cite web |title=Departure of Jeremy Spencer: Rolling Stone, 18 March 1971|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/fleetwood-mac-stolen-away-235655/-|accessdate=12 February 2019}}
43. ^¹{{cite book|author=Mick Fleetwood|title=Play On: Now, Then and Fleetwood Mac|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pX_WAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT76|date=30 October 2014|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton|isbn=978-1-4447-5326-4|page=135}}
44. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite book | last = Celmins | first = Martin | title = Peter Green: Founder of Fleetwood Mac | publisher = Castle | page = 134 | isbn = 1-898141-13-4 }}
45. ^{{cite web |title=Departure of Jeremy Spencer: Rolling Stone, 18 March 1971|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/fleetwood-mac-stolen-away-235655/-|accessdate=12 February 2019}}
46. ^{{cite web |title=Departure of Jeremy Spencer: Rolling Stone, 18 March 1971|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/fleetwood-mac-stolen-away-235655/-|accessdate=12 February 2019}}
47. ^{{cite web |last1=Hodgkiss |first1=Michael C. |title=Tickets Torn in Half: Fleetwood Mac, Various Nights in Various Places. |url= https://intuneandintime.com/category/the-rock-pile/|accessdate=12 February 2019}}
48. ^{{cite web |title=Departure of Jeremy Spencer: Rolling Stone, 18 March 1971|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/fleetwood-mac-stolen-away-235655/-|accessdate=12 February 2019}}
49. ^{{cite book | last = Celmins | first = Martin | title = Peter Green: Founder of Fleetwood Mac | publisher = Castle | page = 135 | isbn = 1-898141-13-4 }}
50. ^{{cite book|author=Mick Fleetwood|title=Play On: Now, Then and Fleetwood Mac|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pX_WAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT76|date=30 October 2014|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton|isbn=978-1-4447-5326-4|page=135}}
51. ^Brunning, B (1998): Fleetwood Mac – The First 30 Years. London: Omnibus Press. p37
52. ^¹²³{{cite book|author=Mick Fleetwood|title=Play On: Now, Then and Fleetwood Mac|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pX_WAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT76|date=30 October 2014|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton|isbn=978-1-4447-5326-4|page=139}}
53. ^¹²{{cite web|work= The Penguin |url= http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/qa/bobwelch2_qa1.htm |title= The Penguin Q&A Sessions: Bob Welch, August 4–17, 2003 |date= 2003-04-17 |accessdate= 2008-05-20}}
54. ^¹Brunning, B (1998): Fleetwood Mac – The First 30 Years. London: Omnibus Press. p39
55. ^¹Brunning, B (1998): Fleetwood Mac – The First 30 Years. London: Omnibus Press. p38
56. ^{{cite AV media notes|others= Fleetwood Mac |title= Future Games |titlelink= Future Games |type= CD booklet notes |year= 1971 |publisher= Reprise }}
57. ^Mojo magazine, September 2018: "A Loner and a One-Off: Danny Kirwan 1950-2018" - Mark Blake.
58. ^¹{{cite web|work= The Penguin |url= http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/qa/bobwelch_qa1.htm |title= The Penguin Q&A Sessions: Bob Welch, November 1999 |date= November 1999 |accessdate= 2018-11-19 }}
59. ^{{cite web |last1=Scoppa |first1=Bud |title=Rolling Stone album review ‘Bare Trees’ June 1972|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/bare-trees-2-245035/|accessdate=5 December 2018}}
60. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite web |last1=Farber |first1=Jim |title=Fleetwood Mac's Forgotten Hero |url= https://web.musicaficionado.com/main.html#!/article/fleetwood_macs_forgotten_hero_by_jimfarber |website=Music Aficionado |accessdate= 5 December 2018}}
61. ^¹{{cite book | authorlink=Bob Brunning | first=Bob | last=Brunning | title=Fleetwood Mac: Behind the Masks | publisher=New English Library | year=1990 | location=London | isbn=0-450-53116-3 | oclc=22242160}}
62. ^Brunning, B (1998): Fleetwood Mac – The First 30 Years. London: Omnibus Press. pp39-40
63. ^pp139-140
64. ^pp83-84
65. ^p84
66. ^p141
67. ^"Rock Family Trees: The Fleetwood Mac Story", dir. Francis Hanly, 1995.
68. ^Interview with Mick Fleetwood in Men’s Journal, pub. Jay Gallagher, New York City, New York, USA, 2014
69. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/he-went-his-own-way-to-oblivion-fleetwood-macs-former-guitarist-is-found-a-little-the-worse-for-wear-1511056.html|title=He went his own way to oblivion: Fleetwood Mac's former guitarist is|work=The Independent|access-date=29 August 2018|language=en-GB}}
70. ^¹²{{cite web | work=The Penguin | url=http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/qa/bobweston_qa1.htm | title=The Penguin Q&A Sessions: Bob Weston, December 6–19, 1999 | date=19 December 1999 | accessdate=2008-05-20}}
71. ^"Rock Family Trees: The Fleetwood Mac Story", dir. Francis Hanly, 1995.
72. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/he-went-his-own-way-to-oblivion-fleetwood-macs-former-guitarist-is-found-a-little-the-worse-for-wear-1511056.html|title=He went his own way to oblivion: Fleetwood Mac's former guitarist is|work=The Independent|access-date=2018-06-14|language=en-GB}}
73. ^{{cite web | work=The Penguin | url=http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/fwm/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=118&Itemid=138 | title=The Penguin Q&A Sessions: Dave Walker, October 12–25, 2000, Page 1 | date=12 October 2000 | accessdate=2010-08-10}}
74. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite web | work=The Penguin | url=http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/fwm/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=119&Itemid=137 | title=The Penguin Q&A Sessions: Dave Walker, October 12–25, 2000, Page 2 | date=12 October 2000 | accessdate=2010-08-10}}
75. ^¹²Brunning, B (1998): Fleetwood Mac – The First 30 Years. London: Omnibus Press p41
76. ^Brunning, B (1998): Fleetwood Mac – The First 30 Years. London: Omnibus Press p9
77. ^{{cite web|work= The Penguin |url= http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/qa/bobbrunning_qa1.htm |title= The Penguin Q&A Sessions: Bob Brunning, May 2001 |date= May 2001 |accessdate= 2018-11-19 }}
78. ^{{Cite web | last = Viglione | first = Joe | title = Second Chapter review | publisher = Allmusic. Rovi Corporation | accessdate = 2011-07-27 | url = http://www.allmusic.com/album/r42425}}
79. ^{{cite web |last1=Scoppa |first1=Bud |title=Rolling Stone album review ‘Bare Trees’ June 1972|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/bare-trees-2-245035/|accessdate=5 December 2018}}
80. ^¹{{Cite journal | first=Richard | last=Hogan | publisher=DJM Records | title= Press release for Hello There Big Boy! | year=1979}}
81. ^{{cite book | last = Celmins | first = Martin | title = Peter Green: Founder of Fleetwood Mac | publisher = Castle | page = 162 | isbn = 1-898141-13-4 }}
82. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/10/obituaries/danny-kirwan-dead-fleetwood-mac.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fobituaries&action=click&contentCollection=obituaries®ion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=2&pgtype=sectionfront |title=Danny Kirwan, Guitarist in Fleetwood Mac’s Early Years, Dies at 68 |date=10 June 2018 |accessdate=13 June 2018 |work=The New York Times}}
83. ^{{cite web|work= The Penguin |url= http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/qa/johnmcvie_qa1.htm |title= The Penguin Q&A Sessions: John McVie, September 2004 |date= September 2004 |accessdate= 2018-11-19 }}
84. ^{{cite web |last1=Yates |first1=Henry |title=Then Play On: The Story of Fleetwood Mac Guitarist Danny Kirwan. Interviews with Jeremy Spencer, Bernie Marsden and others. Published 24 October 2018. |url=https://www.musicradar.com/news/then-play-on-the-story-of-fleetwood-mac-guitarist-danny-kirwan |access-date=14 March 2019}}
85. ^¹{{cite web|title="The Penguin Biographies: Danny Kirwan”|url=http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/danny.htm|accessdate=11 August 2018}}
86. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰{{cite web | work=The Penguin | url=http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/qa/bobwelch_qa1.htm | title=The Penguin Q&A Sessions: Bob Welch, November 8–21, 1999 | accessdate=2018-11-21 | date=21 November 1999}}
87. ^Brunning, B (1998): Fleetwood Mac – The First 30 Years. London: Omnibus Press. pp19&40
88. ^¹²{{cite book | last = Celmins | first = Martin | title = Peter Green: Founder of Fleetwood Mac | publisher = Castle | page = 135 | isbn = 1-898141-13-4 }}
89. ^{{cite web|work= The Penguin |url= http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/qa/bobweston_qa1.htm |title= The Penguin Q&A Sessions: Bob Weston, December 1999|date= December 1999|accessdate= 2018-11-19 }}
90. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/10/obituaries/danny-kirwan-dead-fleetwood-mac.html|author=Jacey Fortin|work=The New York Times|title=Danny Kirwan, Guitarist During Fleetwood Mac’s Early Years, Dies at 68|quote=He surfaced briefly in 1993 when, in an interview with The Independent, Mr. Kirwan said he had been homeless.}}
91. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/he-went-his-own-way-to-oblivion-fleetwood-macs-former-guitarist-is-found-a-little-the-worse-for-wear-1511056.html|title=He went his own way to oblivion: Fleetwood Mac's former guitarist is|date=16 October 1993|website=The Independent}}
92. ^Brunning, B (1998): Fleetwood Mac – The First 30 Years. London: Omnibus Press. p41
93. ^¹{{cite web|title="The Penguin Biographies: Danny Kirwan"|url=http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/danny.htm|accessdate=11 August 2018}}
94. ^{{cite web|work= The Penguin |url= http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/qa/martincelmins_qa1.htm |title= The Penguin Q&A Sessions: Martin Celmins, July 2000 |date= July 2000 |accessdate= 2018-11-19 }}
95. ^¹²³Mojo magazine, London, September 2018: "A Loner and a One-Off: Danny Kirwan 1950-2018" Mark Blake.
96. ^Brunning, B (1998): Fleetwood Mac – The First 30 Years. London: Omnibus Press. pp28&40
97. ^Clifford Davis, "Peter Green: Man of the World", BBC TV, 2009.
98. ^Dawson, Dinky & Alan, Carter, "Life on the Road", Billboard, 1998, pp.131–132.
99. ^¹²³⁴{{cite book | last = Celmins | first = Martin | title = Peter Green: Founder of Fleetwood Mac | publisher = Castle | isbn = 1-898141-13-4 |pages=110-111}}
100. ^Jeremy Spencer interviewed by Steve Clark, NME magazine, 5 October 1974.
101. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.rockhall.com/inductees/fleetwood-mac|title=Fleetwood Mac|website=Rock & Roll Hall of Fame|language=en|access-date=2018-02-10}}
102. ^{{cite web|work= The Penguin |url= http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/qa/petergreen_qa1.htm |title= The Penguin Q&A Sessions: Peter Green, August 1999 |date= August 1999 |accessdate= 2018-11-19 }}
103. ^{{cite web | work=The Penguin | url=http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/qa/johnmcvie2_qa1.htm | title=The Penguin Q&A Sessions: John McVie Q&A Session, Part 2 | date=January 2006 | accessdate=2008-05-20}}
104. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.loudersound.com/news/fleetwood-mac-guitarist-danny-kirwan-dies-aged-68 |title=Fleetwood Mac guitarist Danny Kirwan dies, aged 68 |date=9 June 2018 |publisher=Louder Sound}}
105. ^{{Cite news |url= https://www.npr.org/2018/06/11/618869222/fleetwood-macs-forgotten-hero-guitarist-danny-kirwan-has-died |title= Fleetwood Mac's 'Forgotten Hero,' Guitarist Danny Kirwan, Has Died |work=NPR.org |access-date=2018-06-14 |language=en}}