| 词条 | Danza de tijeras |
| 释义 |
The Danza de las tijeras ({{IPA-es|ˈdansa ðe tiˈxeɾas}}; English: scissors dance; Quechua: Supaypa wasin tusuq, also Galas, laijas) is an original dance from the south of the Andes, in Peru. The dance consists of two or more dancers, followed by their respective orchestras of a violin and a harp. The dancers dance in turns, doing explicit moves and challenging steps, such as dancing with just one foot. The places where this dance is most influential are: Huancavelica, Ayacucho, Junín, Apurimac, and Lima. UNESCO designated the Danza de las tijeras intangible cultural heritage in 2010.[1]The scissors dance can be of different types, for example, the greater or competition dance, the smaller dance or "Qolla alva" which is danced at night; and zapateos, executed in the Christmas festivities. In the competition dance, two dancers (also called "danzaq" or "tusuq") dance by turns challenging each other to overcome the risk of the steps they perform, this competition is known as "Atipanakuy", "Hapinakuy", "Tupanakuy" among others.[2] HistoryDanzantes de tijeras (scissors dancers) are descendants of the "tusuq laykas", prehispanic priests, fortune tellers, healers and shamans who experienced persecution during the colony. In this colonial period, they began to be known as "supaypa waman" (son of the devil in Quechua) and took refuge in the highest areas. As time passed by, the colonizers accepted they return but conditioning them to dance for the Catholic God and saints. In this way, they started to perform the danza de tijeras in fiestas patronales. Nowadays, it is a magical-religious and ritual dance that represents, through their choreographies, the spirits of pachamama, yacumama, hanaccpacha, ucupacha, and others. Peruvian writer José María Arguedas (1911-1969) inmortalized danzante de tijeras in several novels, even in the short story La agonía de Rasu Ñiti (1962), the main character is one of them.[3][4] SymbolismThe scissor dancers are identified with ritual skill and challenge from the outsider’s point of view. Basically, the scissors dance is an impressive manifestation of physical art and skills, but to the Andean man it represents a complex ritual. A series of mysteries stalk around the dancers (the ones who do the ritual) who, in a surge of force and elasticity, test their skills with the gymnastics-like jump at the sound of a harp and a violin, while they cut the air with their scissors. According to the priests of the colony, its magical side obeys to an assumption pact with the devil, due to surprising moves or tests that they execute in the dance. This tests denominate Atipanacuy. The central instrument of the dance is the elaborated scissors of two independent metal plates of approximately 25 cm, and when the two plates are fused, they make a shape of blunt-end scissors. In pre-columbian times flat stones were used, the scissors replace them because of the similar sound they make when the sides clash. It is seen as a great dishonor to the dancer if the scissors fall from his hand while dancing. External links
Notes1. ^{{cite web| title= The scissors dance |url= http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00011&RL=00391 |publisher=UNESCO Culture Sector |accessdate=2011-11-25}} 2. ^{{Cite book|title=La danza de las tijeras y la presencia de lo mágico religioso a través del "Wamani" y el "Waniku"|last=|first=|publisher=San Marcos|year=1976|isbn=|volume=|location=|pages=|language=Spanish|trans-title=The dance of the scissors and the presence of religious magic through the "Wamani" and "Waniku"|via=}} 3. ^{{cite book|title=Gran enciclopedia del Perú|editor=Varios autores|volume=Apurimac|chapter=Folklore|author=|publisher=Lexus|location=Barcelona|isbn=9972-625-13-3|year=1998}} 4. ^La agonía de Rasu Ñiti 4 : Peruvian folk music|Peruvian dances|Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity|Native American dances |
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