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词条 Dartmouth (UK Parliament constituency)
释义

  1. History

  2. Members of Parliament

     1351–1640  1640–1832  1832–1868 

  3. Election results

     Elections in the 1840s  Elections in the 1850s  Elections in the 1860s 

  4. Notes

  5. References

{{Infobox UK constituency
|name = Dartmouth
|type = Borough
|parliament = uk
|year = 1351
|abolished = 1868
|elects_howmany = two (1351–1832); one (1832–1868)
|previous =
|next = South Devon
|}}

Dartmouth, also sometimes called Clifton, Dartmouth and Hardness, was a parliamentary borough in Devon which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons in 1298 and to the Commons of England, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom from 1351 until 1832, and then one member from 1832 until 1868, when the borough was disfranchised.

History

Clifton, Dartmouth and Hardness were three towns clustered round the mouth of the River Dart in southern Devon; all three are within the modern town of Dartmouth. The borough as first represented in 1298 seems to have included only the town of Dartmouth, but at the next return of members in 1350–1351 it also included Clifton; Hardness is first mentioned in 1553, though may have been included earlier. The boundaries by the 19th century included the whole of Dartmouth St Petrox and St Saviour parishes, and part of Townstall parish.

Dartmouth by the end of the 18th century was a prosperous small port, depending mainly on fishing but also with some shipbuilding interests; but the bulk of the inhabitants had little voice in the choice of its Members of Parliament. After a decision by Parliament that followed a disputed election in 1689, the right to vote in Dartmouth rested with the Corporation, which appointed its own successors, and with the freemen of the borough, who were made by the Corporation. This amounted to a total of 71 voters in 1832, although only 53 of these were resident; virtually all were officers of the custom house or other government employees.

This franchise meant that once control was gained of the borough it was easy to retain indefinitely. Around the turn of the 18th century, the Herne family had almost total control, but in the mid-to-late 18th and early 19th century, control had passed to the government and Dartmouth was considered a safe seat for the party in power, returning one member at the nomination of the Treasury and one of the Admiralty. (Even this control had its limits however – Namier and Brooke quote letters to show that when a vacancy arose in 1757, the government had to abandon their original intention of nominating a soldier, and instead acceded to the corporation's demand for a naval candidate.) The Holdsworth family managed the government's interests in the borough, and generally had first refusal on one of the seats. Indeed, the Holdsworths were sufficiently influential to defy the government on occasion, as in 1780 when Arthur Holdsworth arranged the re-election of the popular but opposition-supporting naval hero Lord Howe to one seat while taking the other for himself – no government candidates stood against them, and both Howe and Holdsworth voted with the opposition in the new Parliament.

At the time of the Great Reform Act, the 1831 census showed that there were 611 houses in the borough but a population of 4,447. Dartmouth was allowed to keep one of its two MPs, and the boundaries were extended slightly to include the whole of Townstall parish and part of Stoke Fleming, bringing the population up to 4,662.

The constituency was abolished at the next boundary revision, which came into effect at the general election of 1868, after which the towns were part of the Southern Devon county division.

Members of Parliament

1351–1640

ParliamentFirst memberSecond member
1368 Richard Whitelegh [1]
1371John Pasford[2]
1377Thomas Raymond[3]
1386 Richard Whitelegh Robert More[4]
1388 (Feb) William Burlestone John Lacche[4]
1388 (Sep) William Bast Roger Scoce[4]
1390 (Jan) John Hawley Thomas Asshenden I[4]
1390 (Nov)
1391 John William John Brasuter[4]
1393 John Ellemede John Hawley[4]
1394 William Damiet John Hawley[4]
1395 John Bosom Edmund Arnold[4]
1397 (Jan) John Bosom William Glover[4]
1397 (Sep)
1399
1401
1402 John Hawley (the elder) Ralph North[4]
1404 (Jan)
1404 (Oct)
1406 John Foxley John White[4]
1407 Henry Bremeler John Pille[4]
1410 John Hawley (the younger) Edmund Arnold[4]
1411 John Hawley John Corp[4]
1413 (Feb)
1413 (May) John Hawley John Corp[4]
1414 (Apr)
1414 (Nov) John Hawley Edmund Arnold[4]
1415/6 (Mar) Edmund Arnold Walter Wodeland[4]
1416 (Oct)
1417
1419
1420 Thomas Asshenden II Walter Wodeland[4]
1421 (May) John Hawley Thomas Hankyn[4]
1421 (Dec) John Burley Henry Sadeler[4]
1510–1523No names known[5]
1529 John Trevanion William Holland,
repl. 1534 by Nicholas Langmede[5]
1536 ?
1539 John Ridgeway William Holland[5]
1542 John Anthony William Holland[5]
1545 Nicholas Bacon John Ridgeway[5]
1547 Sir Peter Carew Richard Duke[5]
1553 (Mar) Nicholas Adams alias Bodrugan Gilbert Roupe[5]
1553 (Oct)Michael AdamsMichael Roope
Parliament of 1554Nicholas AdamsEdmund Sture
Parliament of 1554–1555John PetreNicholas Enis
Parliament of 1555Sir John St LegerJames Courtenay
Parliament of 1558Gregory HuckmoreThomas Gurney
Parliament of 1559Thomas SouthcoteEdward Yarde
Parliament of 1563–1567Sir John MoreJohn Lovell
Parliament of 1571John VaughanThomas Gurney
Parliament of 1572–1581William CardinalThomas Gurney died
and repl. 1576 by William Lyster
Parliament of 1584–1585Hugh VaughanThomas Ridgeway
Parliament of 1586–1587Robert PeterGeorge Cary
Parliament of 1588–1589Robert PapworthRichard Drewe
Parliament of 1593Nicholas HaymanThomas Holland
Parliament of 1597–1598John Osborne [6](?)[7]William Bastard [6]
Parliament of 1601John TraherneWilliam Bastard
Parliament of 1604–1611Thomas HollandThomas Gurney
Addled Parliament (1614)
Parliament of 1621–1622Robert MatthewWilliam Nyell
Happy Parliament (1624–1625)Richard MatthewWilliam Plumley
Useless Parliament (1625)Roger MatthewJohn Upton
Parliament of 1625–1626
Parliament of 1628–1629
No Parliament summoned 1629–1640

1640–1832

YearFirst memberFirst partySecond memberSecond party
April 1640Andrew VoyseyJohn Upton[8]
November 1640Roger MatthewRoyalist
1641Samuel BrowneParliamentarian
February 1644Matthew disabled from sitting – seat vacant
1646Thomas Boone
December 1648Browne excluded in Pride's Purge – seat vacant
1653Dartmouth was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament
1654Thomas Boone Dartmouth had only one seat in the First and
Second Parliaments of the Protectorate
1656Edward Hopkins
January 1659Thomas Boone Colonel John Clarke
May 1659Not represented in the restored Rump
1660 John Frederick John Hale
1661William Harbord Thomas Southcote
1664 Thomas Kendall
1667 Walter Yonge
1670 William Gould (1640–1671) of Floyer Hayes, Exeter
1673 Josiah Child
February 1679 Sir Nathaniel Herne John Upton
August 1679 Edward Yarde
1685Roger Pomeroy Arthur Farwell
January 1689 Charles Boone William Hayne
September 1689 George Booth[9]
November 1689Sir Joseph Herne
1698Frederick Herne
1699 ?[10]
1701 Nathaniel Herne
1713Sir William Drake
1714 John Fownes
1715 Joseph Herne John Fownes (junior)
1722 George Treby III Thomas Martyn
1727George Treby IIWhigWalter CareyWhig
1742 Lord Archibald Hamilton
1747John JeffreysWhig
1757Captain the Hon. Richard Howe[11]
1766 Richard Hopkins
1780Arthur Holdsworth
1782 Charles Brett Rockingham Whig
1784Richard Hopkins
1787Edmund Bastard
1790 John Charles Villiers
1802Arthur Howe Holdsworth
1812 Edmund Pollexfen Bastard Tory
1816John Bastard
1820 Charles Milner Ricketts
1822 James Hamilton Stanhope
1825 Sir John Hutton Cooper
1829 Arthur Howe Holdsworth
1832Representation reduced to one member

1832–1868

YearMemberParty
1832 (Sir) John Seale[12] Whig[13][14]
1844 Joseph Somes Conservative
1845 George Moffatt Radical[15][16][17]
1852 Sir Thomas Herbert Conservative
1857 James Caird Peelite[18][19]
April 1859 Edward Wyndham Harrington Schenley[20] Liberal
August 1859 John Dunn Conservative
1860 John Hardy Conservative
1868Constituency abolished

Election results

Elections in the 1840s

{{Election box begin | title=General Election 1841: Dartmouth[47]
}}{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = John Henry Seale
}}{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 276
}}{{Election box hold with party link no swing
|winner = Whigs (British political party)
}}{{Election box end}}

Seale's death caused a by-election.

{{Election box begin | title=By-election, 27 December 1844: Dartmouth[47]
}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = Joseph Somes
|votes = 125
|percentage = 51.4
|change = N/A
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Radicals (UK)
|candidate = George Moffatt
|votes = 118
|percentage = 48.6
|change = N/A
}}{{Election box majority|
|votes = 7
|percentage = 2.9
|change = N/A
}}{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 243
|percentage = 86.2
|change = N/A
}}{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 282
}}{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|loser = Whigs (British political party)
|swing = N/A
}}{{Election box end}}

Somes' death caused a by-election.

{{Election box begin | title=By-election, 3 July 1845: Dartmouth[47]
}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Radicals (UK)
|candidate = George Moffatt
|votes = 125
|percentage = 53.0
|change = N/A
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = Henry Thoby Prinsep
|votes = 111
|percentage = 47.0
|change = N/A
}}{{Election box majority|
|votes = 14
|percentage = 5.9
|change = N/A
}}{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 236
|percentage = 83.7
|change = N/A
}}{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 282
}}{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Radicals (UK)
|loser = Whigs (British political party)
|swing = N/A
}}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | title=General Election 1847: Dartmouth[47]
}}{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Radicals (UK)
|candidate = George Moffatt
}}{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 376
}}{{Election box gain with party link no swing
|winner = Radicals (UK)
|loser = Whigs (British political party)
}}{{Election box end}}

Elections in the 1850s

{{Election box begin | title=General Election 1852: Dartmouth[47]
}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = Thomas Herbert
|votes = 146
|percentage = 52.0
|change = N/A
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = William Schaw Lindsay[21][22]
|votes = 135
|percentage = 48.0
|change = N/A
}}{{Election box majority|
|votes = 11
|percentage = 3.9
|change = N/A
}}{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 281
|percentage = 93.0
|change = N/A
}}{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 302
}}{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|loser = Radicals (UK)
|swing = N/A
}}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | title=General Election 1857: Dartmouth[47]
}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Peelite
|candidate = James Caird
|votes = 127
|percentage = 57.5
|change = +5.5
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Whigs (British political party)
|candidate = Charles Seale-Hayne[23][24]
|votes = 94
|percentage = 42.5
|change = −5.5
}}{{Election box majority|
|votes = 33
|percentage = 14.9
|change = +11.0
}}{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 221
|percentage = 82.2
|change = −10.8
}}{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 269
}}{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Peelite
|loser = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing = +5.5
}}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | title=General Election 1859: Dartmouth[47]
}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Edward Wyndham Harrington Schenley
|votes = 123
|percentage = 51.5
|change = −6.0
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = Thomas Herbert
|votes = 116
|percentage = 48.5
|change = N/A
}}{{Election box majority|
|votes = 7
|percentage = 2.9
|change = −12.0
}}{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 239
|percentage = 93.0
|change = +10.8
}}{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 257
}}{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
|swing = N/A
}}{{Election box end}}

The election was declared void on petition due to bribery and corruption, causing a by-election.[25]

{{Election box begin | title=By-election, 8 August 1859: Dartmouth[47]
}}{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = John Dunn
}}{{Election box gain with party link no swing
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|loser = Liberal Party (UK)
}}{{Election box end}}

Elections in the 1860s

Dunn's death caused a by-election.

{{Election box begin | title=By-election, 3 November 1860: Dartmouth[26]
}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = John Hardy
|votes = 112
|percentage = 50.5
|change = +2.0
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Charles Seale-Hayne[27]
|votes = 110
|percentage = 49.5
|change = −2.0
}}{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2
|percentage = 0.9
|change = N/A
}}{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 222
|percentage = 90.2
|change = −2.8
}}{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 246
}}{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|loser = Liberal Party (UK)
|swing = +2.0
}}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin | title=General Election 1865: Dartmouth[26]
}}{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = John Hardy
}}{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 282
}}{{Election box gain with party link no swing
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|loser = Liberal Party (UK)
}}{{Election box end}}

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/member/whitelegh-richard|title= WHITELEGH, Richard, of Osborn Newton in Churchstow, Devon.|publisher= History of Parliament Online|accessdate = 10 May 2013}}
2. ^http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/member/pasford-%28pafford%29-john
3. ^http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/member/raymond-thomas-1418
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 {{cite web | url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/constituencies/dartmouth| title = History of Parliament | publisher = History of Parliament Trust| accessdate = 2011-11-12}}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web | url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/constituencies/dartmouth| title = History of Parliament | publisher = History of Parliament Trust| accessdate = 2011-11-12}}
6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/constituencies/dartmouth|title=Dartmouth|publisher= History of Parliament Online|accessdate= 11 October 2016}}
7. ^Browne Willis gives Lambert's name with a query against it, and does not list a second member
8. ^Died September 1641
9. ^Booth was originally declared elected, but on petition the House of Commons decided that some of his voters had not validly been made Freemen, and were therefore ineligible to vote; Booth's opponent, Herne, was consequently declared elected in his place. (House of Commons Journal, 28 November 1689  )
10. ^Sir Joseph Herne died 26 February 1699. There is apparently no record of a writ for a by-election being issued, and the seat may have remained vacant for the remainder of the Parliament
11. ^Succeeded as the 4th Viscount Howe (in the Peerage of Ireland, July 1758. Rear Admiral 1770, Vice Admiral 1775, Admiral 1782
12. ^Created a baronet, July 1838
13. ^{{cite book |last=Stooks Smith |first=Henry. |editor= Craig, F. W. S. |title= The Parliaments of England |origyear=1844-1850 |edition= 2nd |year=1973 |publisher= Parliamentary Research Services |location=Chichester |isbn= 0-900178-13-2 |pages=66–68 |url = https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hnzrh2;view=1up;seq=249}}
14. ^{{cite book|first1=Edward|last1=Churton|author-link1=Edward Churton|title=The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838|date=1838|page=203|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FVwEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA203 |via=Google Books |accessdate= 1 November 2018}}
15. ^{{cite book|last1=Steele|first1=E. D.|title=Palmerston and Liberalism: 1855–1865|date=1991|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0521400457|page=84|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=sXg6AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA84&lpg=PA84|accessdate=7 April 2018|chapter=At home}}
16. ^{{cite news|title=The New House of Commons|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000065/18520709/015/0005|accessdate=7 April 2018|work=Hull Packet|date=9 July 1852|page=5|via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}}
17. ^{{cite book|last1=Saunders|first1=Robert|title=Democracy and the Vote in British Politics, 1848–1867: The Making of the Second Reform Act|date=2016|publisher=Routledge|location=Abingdon|isbn=978-1-4094-1794-1|page=63|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uwMpDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA63&lpg=PA63|accessdate=6 May 2018|chapter=Peelites, Protectionists and Popular Toryism}}
18. ^{{cite DNB|wstitle=Caird, James|last=Leadam|first=Isaac Saunders|volume=52|supplement=1}}
19. ^{{cite news|title=Election Intelligence|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000045/18570321/004/0002|accessdate=6 May 2018|work=Caledonian Mercury|date=21 March 1857|page=2|via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}}
20. ^On petition, Schenley's election was declared void and a writ for a by-election issued
21. ^{{cite news|title=Dartmouth|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000265/18520710/025/0006|accessdate=6 May 2018|work=Western Times|date=10 July 1852|page=6|via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}}
22. ^{{cite news|title=Election Intelligence|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000082/18520703/002/0002|accessdate=6 May 2018|work=Morning Chronicle|date=3 July 1852|page=2|via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}}
23. ^{{cite news|title=Dartmouth|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000265/18570418/013/0003|accessdate=6 May 2018|work=Western Times|date=18 April 1857|page=3|via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}}
24. ^{{cite news|title=Dartmouth|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000180/18570403/028/0005|accessdate=6 May 2018|work=Royal Cornwall Gazette|date=3 April 1857|page=5|via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}}
25. ^{{cite news|title=Election Petitions|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000265/18590730/001/0002|accessdate=6 May 2018|work=Western Times|date=30 July 1859|pages=2–3|via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}}
26. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite book |last=Craig |first=F. W. S. |authorlink= F. W. S. Craig |title=British parliamentary election results 1832–1885 |origyear=1977 |edition= 2nd |year=1989 |publisher= Parliamentary Research Services |location=Chichester |isbn= 0-900178-26-4}}
27. ^{{cite news|title=Political|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001641/18601017/029/0002|accessdate=25 March 2018|work=Brighton Guardian|date=17 October 1860|page=2|via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes}}

References

  • Robert Beatson, A Chronological Register of Both Houses of Parliament (London: Longman, Hurst, Res & Orme, 1807) [https://books.google.com/books?vid=024wW9LmFc5kXY0FI2&id=Gh2wKY2rkDUC&printsec=toc&dq=Return+of+Members+of+Parliament&as_brr=1&sig=SK5GVtGLfWQ9ovZDbyZObAyIO5I#PPP9,M1]
  • D. Brunton and D. H. Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
  • Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808) [https://web.archive.org/web/20150904125310/http://www2.odl.ox.ac.uk/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?e=p-000-00---0modhis06--00-0-0-0prompt-10---4------0-1l--1-en-50---20-about---00001-001-1-1isoZz-8859Zz-1-0&a=d&cl=CL1]
  • Maija Jansson (ed.), Proceedings in Parliament, 1614 (House of Commons) (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1988)
  • Lewis Namier, The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III (2nd edition – London: St Martin's Press, 1961)
  • Lewis Namier and John Brooke, The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1754–1790 (London: HMSO, 1964)
  • T. H. B. Oldfield, The Representative History of Great Britain and Ireland (London: Baldwin, Cradock & Joy, 1816)
  • J. Holladay Philbin, Parliamentary Representation 1832 – England and Wales (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
  • Robert Walcott, English Politics in the Early Eighteenth Century (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1956)
  • {{Cite Notitia Parliamentaria|converted=1|part=2|page=1}}
  • Frederic A. Youngs, Jr, Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Vol. I (London: Royal Historical Society, 1979)
  • {{Rayment-hc|d|1|date=March 2012}}

4 : Parliamentary constituencies in Devon (historic)|United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies established in 1351|United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies disestablished in 1868|Dartmouth, Devon
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