| 词条 | David Knowles (scholar) |
| 释义 |
|honorific_prefix = The Reverend |name = David Knowles |honorific_suffix = OSB FRHistS |image = |caption = |birth_name = Michael Clive Knowles |birth_date = {{birth date|1896|9|29|df=y}} |birth_place = Studley, Warwickshire, England |death_date = {{death date and age|1974|11|21|1896|9|29|df=y}} |death_place = |residence = |nationality = English |ethnicity = |discipline = History |main_interests = English monasticism |workplaces = Peterhouse, Cambridge |alma_mater = Christ's College, Cambridge |doctoral_advisor = |academic_advisors = |doctoral_students = {{ill|Henry J. Blumenthal|de}}, David Luscombe |notable_students = |notable_works = {{unbulleted list | The Monastic Order in England (1940) | Religious Orders in England (1948–59) | The Evolution of Medieval Thought (1962; 1988)}} |influences = |influenced = |awards = |religion = |signature = |footnotes = }} M. David Knowles {{post-nominals|post-noms=OSB FRHistS}} (born Michael Clive Knowles, 29 September 1896 – 21 November 1974) was an English Benedictine monk, Catholic priest, and historian, who became Regius Professor of Modern History at the University of Cambridge from 1954 to 1963. His works on monasticism in England from the times of Dunstan (909–988) to the dissolution of the monasteries are considered authoritative. BiographyBorn Michael Clive Knowles on 29 September 1896 in Studley, Warwickshire, England,{{sfn|Brooke|1991|p=2}} Knowles was educated at Downside School, operated by the monks of Downside Abbey, and Christ's College, Cambridge, where he took a first in both philosophy and classics.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} MonkIn 1923 Knowles became a member of the monastic community at Downside, being given the religious name of David, by which he was always known thereafter. After completing the novitiate he was sent by the abbot to the Pontifical Athenaeum of St. Anselm in Rome for his theological studies. Returning to Downside, he was ordained a priest. His research into the early monastic history of England was assisted by the library built up at Downside by Dom Raymund Webster.[1] Knowles became the leader of a faction of the younger monks of the abbey who wanted to resist the growing demands of the school on the pattern of monastic life at the abbey. They advocated a more contemplative life as the goal of their lives as monks. This effort led to a period of major conflict within the community and he was transferred to Ealing Abbey, another teaching establishment.[2] Academic at CambridgeIn 1944 Knowles was elected into a research fellowship in Medieval Studies at Peterhouse in the University of Cambridge, where he would remain for the duration of his academic career.{{sfn|Lovatt|1991}} In 1947 he was appointed as Professor of Medieval History and then, in 1954, he became the Regius Professor of Modern History, a post he held until his retirement in 1963. He served as president of the Royal Historical Society from 1957 to 1961;[3] and was the first President of the Ecclesiastical History Society (1961–63).[4] While pursuing his academic life at Cambridge, Knowles was eventually, at the instigation of Abbot Christopher Butler, exclaustrated from Downside Abbey and finally released from his vows. Before his death on 21 November 1974 from a heart attack,[5]{{sfn|Brooke|1991|p=24}} however, he was readmitted to the order.{{sfn|Ellis|1983|p=88}} Knowles is best known for his history of early English monasticism, The Monastic Order in England: A History of Its Development from the Times of St. Dunstan to the Fourth Lateran Council, 940–1216 (1940). His three-volume work, The Religious Orders in England (1948–1959), is also highly regarded by scholars in English medieval ecclesiastical history.[6] In 1962 he published a textbook, The Evolution of Medieval Thought (2nd ed. 1988), that "dominated medieval history courses in U.S. colleges for a quarter of a century".{{sfn|Cantor|1991|p=322}} He has been criticised for excluding nunneries from consideration in Medieval Religious Houses on the grounds that there was insufficient evidence to draw on (a lack remedied in more recent scholarship).[7] Published works
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{cite news |last=Murphy |first=Martin |date=24 January 2007 |title=Obituary of Dom Daniel Rees |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/article2180749.ece |work=The Independent |location=London |deadurl=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930211607/http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/article2180749.ece |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=10 September 2017}} 2. ^{{cite web |title=Obituary of Dom Aelred Watkin, M.A., O.S.B. |url=http://www.sal.org.uk/obituaries/Obituary%20archive/dom-watkin |publisher=Society of Antiquaries of London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613113205/http://www.sal.org.uk/obituaries/Obituary%20archive/dom-watkin |archive-date=13 June 2011 |access-date=10 September 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.royalhistoricalsociety.org/rhspresidents.doc |title=Presidents of the Royal Historical Society |publisher=Royal Historical Society |accessdate=20 December 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716111002/http://www.royalhistoricalsociety.org/rhspresidents.doc |archivedate=16 July 2011}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.history.ac.uk/ehsoc/about/past-ehs-presidents |title=Past Presidents of the EHS |publisher=Ecclesiastical History Society |accessdate=20 January 2019 }} 5. ^Obituary in The Times, 26 November 1974 6. ^Review by V. H. Galbraith https://www.jstor.org/stable/557775 7. ^{{cite journal|last=Gorman|first=Sara|year=2011|title=Anglo-Norman Hagiography as Institutional Historiography: Saints' Lives in Late Medieval Campsey Ash Priory|journal=Journal of Medieval Religious Cultures|volume=37|issue=2|pages=110–128|jstor=10.5325/jmedirelicult.37.2.0110}}. See also {{cite book|first=Sally|last=Thompson|chapter=Why English Nunneries Had No History: A Study of the Problems of the English Nunneries Founded After the Conquest|title=Distant Echoes: Medieval Religious Women|editor1-first=J. A.|editor1-last=Nichols|editor2-first=L. T.|editor2-last=Shank|location=Kalamazoo|publisher=Cistercian Publications|year=1984|pages=131–49}} Works cited{{refbegin|35em|indent=yes}}{{cite book |last=Brooke |first=Christopher |author-link=Christopher N. L. Brooke |year=1991 |chapter=1896–1974 |editor1-last=Brooke |editor1-first=Christopher |editor1-link=Christopher N. L. Brooke |editor2-last=Lovatt |editor2-first=Roger |editor3-last=Luscombe |editor3-first=David |editor3-link=David Luscombe |editor4-last=Sillem |editor4-first=Aelred |editor4-link=Aelred Sillem |title=David Knowles Remembered |location=Cambridge, England |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-37233-6 |ref=harv }} {{cite book |year=1991 |editor-last=Cantor |editor-first=Norman F. |editor-link=Norman Cantor |title=Inventing the Middle Ages: The Lives, Works, and Ideas of the Great Medievalists of the Twentieth Century |location=New York |publisher=William Morrow and Co. |ref=harv }} {{cite journal |last=Ellis |first=John Tracy |author-link=John Tracy Ellis |year=1983 |title=Review of David Knowles: A Memoir by Adrian Morey |journal=The Catholic Historical Review |location=Washington |publisher=Catholic University of America Press |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=87–89 |issn=1534-0708 |jstor=25021547 |ref=harv }} {{cite book |last=Lovatt |first=Roger |year=1991 |chapter=David Knowles and Peterhouse |editor1-last=Brooke |editor1-first=Christopher |editor1-link=Christopher N. L. Brooke |editor2-last=Lovatt |editor2-first=Roger |editor3-last=Luscombe |editor3-first=David |editor3-link=David Luscombe |editor4-last=Sillem |editor4-first=Aelred |editor4-link=Aelred Sillem |title=David Knowles Remembered |location=Cambridge, England |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=82–122 |isbn=978-0-521-37233-6 |ref=harv }}{{refend}} Further reading{{refbegin|35em|indent=yes}}{{cite encyclopedia |last=Brooke |first=C. N. L. |author-link=Christopher N. L. Brooke |year=2004 |title=Knowles, Michael Clive (1896–1974) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/31322 |ref=harv }} {{cite journal |last1=Church |first1=William F. |last2=Constable |first2=Giles |author2-link=Giles Constable |last3=Webb |first3=Ross A. |last4=Wright |first4=Gordon |author4-link=Gordon Wright (historian) |last5=Hoxie |first5=R. Gordon |author5-link=R. Gordon Hoxie |last6=Emery |first6=Ruth |last7=Burggraaff |first7=Winfield J. |year=1975 |title=Recent Deaths |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=80 |issue=4 |pages=1086–1090 |issn=1937-5239 |jstor=1867644 |doi=10.1086/ahr/80.4.1087 }} {{cite book |last1=Knowles |first1=Michael David |last2=Gilson |first2=Étienne Henry |year=1991 |chapter=After the Fall |editor-last=Cantor |editor-first=Norman F. |editor-link=Norman Cantor |title=Inventing the Middle Ages: The Lives, Works, and Ideas of the Great Medievalists of the Twentieth Century |location=New York |publisher=William Morrow and Co. }} {{cite book |last=Morey |first=Adrian |year=1979 |title=David Knowles: A Memoir |location=London |publisher=Darton, Longman & Todd |isbn=978-0-232-51435-3 }}{{refend}} External links
before=Zachary Nugent Brooke| title=Professor of Medieval History, }}{{s-bef|before=J. R. M. Butler}}{{s-ttl|title=Regius Professor of Modern History, University of Cambridge|years=1954–1968}}{{s-aft|after=Sir Herbert Butterfield}}{{succession box | before=Hugh Hale Bellot| title=President of the {{nowrap|Royal Historical Society}} | years=1957–1961| after=Sir Goronwy Edwards}}{{end}}{{Portal bar|Biography|History|Middle Ages|University of Cambridge|Catholicism}}{{Authority control}}{{Professors of Medieval History at the University of Cambridge}}{{Presidents of the Royal Historical Society}}{{short description|20th-century British monk and historian of the Middle Ages}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Knowles, David}} 18 : 1896 births|1974 deaths|English Benedictines|Benedictine scholars|20th-century English Roman Catholic priests|Anglo-Saxon studies scholars|British medievalists|People educated at Downside School|Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge|Place of death missing|People from Stratford-on-Avon District|Pontifical Atheneum of St. Anselm alumni|Historians of monastic history|Members of the University of Cambridge faculty of history|Fellows of the Royal Historical Society|Presidents of the Royal Historical Society|Presidents of the Ecclesiastical History Society|Fellows of Peterhouse, Cambridge |
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