| 词条 | David Kranzler |
| 释义 |
| name = David H. Kranzler | image = David Kranzler, c. 1977.jpeg | image_size = 220px | alt = photograph | caption = Kranzler in or around 1977 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1930|05|19}} | birth_place = Germany | death_date = {{Death date and age|2007|11|29|1930|05|19}} | death_place = | nationality = | citizenship = American | education = {{plainlist|
| occupation = Professor of library science, Queensborough Community College | known_for = Holocaust research | notable_works = The Man Who Stopped the Trains to Auschwitz (2001) }}David H. Kranzler (May 19, 1930 – November 29, 2007)[1] was an American professor of library science at Queensborough Community College, New York, who specialized in the study of the rescue of Jews during the Holocaust.[1] Kranzler was the author of several books on the topic, including Thy Brothers' Blood: The Orthodox Jewish Response During the Holocaust (1987) and The Man Who Stopped the Trains to Auschwitz: George Mantello, El Salvador, and Switzerland's Finest Hour (2000). Early life and educationKranzler was born in Germany, one of seven children, to Yerachmiel and Chana Kranzler of Wurzburg.[2][3] His family emigrated to the United States in 1937 to avoid Nazi persecution, and he was raised in Brooklyn, New York.[1][4] In 1953 he obtained his BA from Brooklyn College, followed by an MA in 1958, also from Brooklyn, and an MLS degree in 1957 from Columbia University.[1] In 1971 Kranzler was awarded a doctorate by Yeshiva University,[1][5] for a thesis entitled The History of the Jewish Refugee Community of Shanghai: 1938–1945,[6] the result of a seven-year study of the 17,000 Jews who fled to Shanghai from Nazi Germany. The manuscript was published by Yeshiva University Press in 1976 as Japanese, Nazis & Jews: The Jewish Refugee Community of Shanghai, 1938–1945.[1][7] Reviewing the book for The American Historical Review, Leona S. Forman called it a "painstaking documentation of a vignette in Jewish history".[8] CareerPositions heldAfter working as a school librarian, Kranzler joined the faculty of Queensborough Community College (QCC) of the City University of New York in 1969, and was a professor in the library department until his retirement in 1988. He was one of the founders and the first director of QCC's Holocaust Resource Center and Archives.[9] He served as scholar-in-residence in numerous congregations, college campuses, and centers, including the Spanish-Portuguese Synagogue (under Rabbi Marc D. Angel) in Manhattan; Kodima Synagogue in Springfield, Massachusetts (under his brother-in-law Rabbi Alex Weisfogel);[10] and the Ohio State University Holocaust Center (under Professor Saul S. Friedman).{{citation needed|date=November 2018}} From October 2002 to January 2003, Kranzler was a Baron Friedrich Carl von Oppenheim Research Fellow for the Study of Racism, Antisemitism, and the Holocaust at Yad Vashem's International Institute for Holocaust Research; the title of his research project was "A Comparative Study on the Worldwide Rescue Effort by Orthodox Jewry During the Holocaust Within the Context of Rescue in General".[9][11] ResearchKranzler became the leading historian on the subject of Jews aiding and rescuing the Jews during the Holocaust, and was among the first to document the efforts of Orthodox Jewish organizations, such as the Vaad Ha-hatzala and Agudath Israel. Historian Alex Grobman referred to him as "the pioneer of research on Orthodox Jewry during the war."[12] Kranzler's books Solomon Schonfeld: His Page in History, co-authored with Gertrude Hirschler, and his later Thy Brother's Blood (1987) were the first to focus on this area. He wrote a paper, "Orthodox Ends, UnOrthodox Means", for American Jewry during the Holocaust (1983), a report organized by the American Jewish Commission, led by Arthur J. Goldberg.[13] Kranzler lectured on the subject in America, Israel, Europe and the Far East. He interviewed and recorded over a thousand people, including some of the major Jewish rescuers, such as Hillel Kook (also known as Peter Bergson), George Mantello, Rabbi Solomon Schonfeld, and close family and associates of rescuers no longer alive, including Rabbi Michael Ber Weissmandl and Recha Sternbuch. He established a research archive of about a million pages and interviews (mostly audio on about 1,000 cassettes) which were at his Brooklyn home. By 1978 the archive held over 10,000 documents on Jewish residents of Shanghai.[14] After Dr. Kranzler's death the archive was transferred to Yad Vashem{{citation needed|date=November 2018}} . In his book Thy Brother's Blood: The Orthodox Jewish Response During the Holocaust (1987), Kranzler argued that more lives could have been saved if American-Jewish leaders had lent more support to efforts in Europe to halt the deportations, including the attempts, in Slovakia and Hungary, to bribe and/or pay ransom to the SS. Criticizing the book's factual accuracy, Efraim Zuroff described it as "an extremely one-sided polemic" and "a popular invective of limited scholarly value".[15] In the view of historian Robert Moses Shapiro, the book's defects, particularly its bitter tone and poor editing, undermined its "important and gripping story".[16] The mid-1944 grassroots protests in Switzerland, including street demonstrations, Sunday sermons and the Swiss press campaign of about 400 headlines about the atrocities were triggered by George Mantello making public a summary of the Auschwitz Report (Vrba–Wetzler report) is the subject of Kranzler's book The Man Who Stopped the Trains to Auschwitz: George Mantello, El Salvador and Switzerland's Finest Hour (2000), which has a foreword by Joe Lieberman. The Vrba–Wetzler report, written by two Auschwitz escapees, Rudolf Vrba and Alfred Wetzler, and distributed mostly by the Bratislava Working Group, provided a detailed account of the mass murder taking place inside the Auschwitz concentration camp. Kranzler was convinced that Mantello's campaign to publicize the report led to the stopping of the mass transports of Jews from Hungary to Auschwitz in July 1944, and enabled the Raoul Wallenberg mission and other important initiatives in Hungary and elsewhere.{{sfnp|Kranzler|2000|p=87}} The manuscript won the 1998 Egit Prize from the Histadrut for the best manuscript on the Holocaust.[17] During his fellowship with Yad Vashem's International Institute for Holocaust Research in 2002–2003, Kranzler engaged in a research project entitled "A Comparative Study on the Worldwide Rescue Effort by Orthodox Jewry During the Holocaust Within the Context of Rescue in General."[9] Recorded talksSome of Kranzler's talks about rescue are on YouTube Selected publications{{refbegin|26em}}
See also
References1. ^1 {{cite journal |author=A. P. |title=Personalities: The One and One-Tenth Lives of a Librarian/Scholar |journal=American Libraries |date=February 1977 |volume=8 |issue=2 |page=65|jstor=5620957}} 2. ^{{cite book|last=Kranzler|first=David|title=The Man Who Stopped the Trains to Auschwitz: George Mantello, El Salvador, and Switzerland's Finest Hour|location=Syracuse|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s4Cx3yenDCQC|year=2000|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=978-0-8156-2873-6|page=xv|ref=harv}} 3. ^For Wurzburg, see {{cite book|last=Kranzler|first=David|title=Holocaust Hero: The Untold Story of Solomon Schonfeld, an Orthodox British Rabbi|location=Brooklyn|year=2003|publisher=Ktav Publishing House|page=xv|ref=harv}} 4. ^For Brooklyn, see {{harvp|Kranzler|2003|p=xv}}. 5. ^"David Kranzler". Contemporary Authors Online. Detroit: Gale, 2001. 6. ^Kanzler, David H. (1971). The History of the Jewish Refugee Community of Shanghai: 1938–1945. New York: Yeshiva University. {{oclc|247255963}} 7. ^Kanzler, David (1976). Japanese, Nazis & Jews: The Jewish Refugee Community of Shanghai, 1938–1945. New York: Yeshiva University Press. 8. ^{{cite journal |last1=Forman |first1=Leona S. |title=Reviewed Work: Japanese, Nazis and Jews: The Jewish Refugee Community of Shanghai, 1938-1945 by David Kranzler |journal=The American Historical Review |date=June 1977 |volume=82 |issue=3 |pages=714–715|jstor=1851058|doi=10.2307/1851058}} 9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite journal |title=Research Fellow Remembered |url=http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/about/institute/pdf/news11_december2007.pdf |website=Institute News |publisher=The International Institute for Holocaust Research, Yad Vashem |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312201951/http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/about/institute/pdf/news11_december2007.pdf |archivedate=March 12, 2016 |issue=11|page=42 |date=December 2007|dead-url=yes}} 10. ^For brother-in-law, see {{harvp|Kranzler|2003|p=xv}}. 11. ^[https://www.yadvashem.org/research/fellowships/postdoctoral-fellowships/past-research-fellows.html "Past Research Fellows"]. Yad Vashem. 12. ^Grobman, Alex (2003). Battling for Souls: The Vaad Hatzala Rescue Committee in Post-Holocaust Europe. Brooklyn: Ktav Publishing House, p. iii. 13. ^Tomlin, Chanan (2006). Protest and Prayer. Bern: Peter Lang, pp. 40, 41, n. 71.{{pb}}{{cite news |last1=Goodman |first1=Walter |title=American Jewish groups faulted on a report on Holocaust victims |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/03/21/us/american-jewish-groups-faulted-on-a-report-on-holocaust-victims.html |work=The New York Times |date=21 March 1984 |archiveurl=https://archive.is/QisOb |archivedate=21 November 2017|dead-url=no}}{{pb}}{{cite book |editor1-last=Finger |editor1-first=Seymour M. |title=American Jewry During the Holocaust |date=1984 |publisher=American Jewish Commission on the Holocaust |location=New York}} 14. ^Strauss, Herbert Albert (1978). Jewish immigrants of the Nazi period in the USA. K.G. Saur, p. 76. 15. ^{{cite journal |last1=Zuroff |first1=Efraim |title=Review of Thy Brother's Blood: The Orthodox Jewish Response During the Holocaust |journal=American Jewish History |date=1988 |volume=78 |issue=1 |pages=132–136 |jstor=23883292}} 16. ^{{cite journal |last1=Shapiro |first1=Robert Moses|title=Reviewed Work: Thy Brother's Blood: The Orthodox Jewish Response During the Holocaust by David Kranzler|journal=Shofar |date=Summer 1989 |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=86–89 |jstor=42941357}} 17. ^{{harvp|Kranzler|2000|p=xv}}; [https://www.holocaust-trc.org/the-man-who-stopped-the-trains/ "The Man Who Stopped the Trains to Auschwitz: George Mantello, El Salvador, and Switzerland's Finest Hour"]. Holocaust Teacher Resource Center. Further reading
11 : 1930 births|2007 deaths|American librarians|American people of German-Jewish descent|Brooklyn College alumni|Columbia University alumni|German Jews|Historians of the Holocaust|Jewish historians|Queensborough Community College faculty|Yeshiva University alumni |
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