| 词条 | Daw's Castle |
| 释义 |
| name =Daw's Castle | native_name = | native_language = | image =Daws Castle Somerset Map.jpg | caption =Plan of earthworks at Daw's Castle | locmapin =Somerset | coordinates = {{coord|51|10|53|N|3|20|39|W|display=inline,title}} | location =Watchet, Somerset, England | area ={{convert|2|ha|acre}} | built =Iron Age | architect = | architecture = | governing_body = | designation1 =Scheduled Ancient Monument | designation1_offname = | designation1_date = | designation1_number =188490[1] | designation2 = | designation2_offname = | designation2_date = | designation2_number = }}Daw's Castle (or Dart's Castle or Dane's Castle) is a sea cliff hill fort just west of Watchet, a harbour town in Somerset, England. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.[1] The name comes from Thomas Dawe, who owned castell field in 1537. The fort is situated on an east-west cliff about {{convert|80|m|ft}} above the sea, on a tapering spur of land bounded by the Washford River to the south, as it flows to the sea at Watchet, about 1 km east. The ramparts of the fort would have formed a semicircle backing on to the sheer cliffs, but coastal erosion has reduced the size of the enclosure, and later destruction by farming, limekilns, and the B3191 road, have left only about {{convert|300|m|ft}} of ramparts visible today.[2] The fort may be of Iron Age origin, but was (re)built and fortified as a burh by King Alfred, as part of his defense against Viking raids from the Bristol Channel around 878 AD. It would have been one of a chain of forts and coastal lookout posts, connected by the Herepath, or military road, which allowed Alfred to move his army along the coast, covering Viking movements at sea. Excavations have revealed a first phase of defence with a mortared wall fronting an earth bank from this period. Then a second phase of defence in late 9th or early 10th centuries, also against Viking invaders. In the Burghal Hidage of 919, nearby Watchet is attributed 513 hides, which converts to a defensive perimeter of 645 m. It is not clear whether this refers to the walls of the town, or of Daw's Castle high on the cliff above. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records a Viking raid on Watchet in 914, but they were defeated with great slaughter ... so that few of them came away, except those only who swam out to the ships.[3] There was a plundering raid in 987, and another in 997, with much evil wrought in burning and manslaughter.[4] A Saxon mint was established at Watchet in 1035, and this was probably within the fort, rather than in the town below. See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Daws Castle|url=http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=188490|work=National Monuments Record|publisher=English Heritage|accessdate=16 March 2011}} 2. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.somersetheritage.org.uk/record/34164 | title=Daws Castle, Watchet |work=Somerset Historic Environment Record | publisher=Somerset County Council | accessdate=14 January 2011}} 3. ^Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 902-24 AD 4. ^Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 980-99 AD
Further reading
5 : Anglo-Saxon sites in England|Hill forts in Somerset|Archaeological sites in Somerset|Scheduled Ancient Monuments in West Somerset|Watchet |
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