| 词条 | Defence Day |
| 释义 |
|image = Two JF-17 Thunders.jpg |caption = Two JF-17 Thunder aircraft in a airshow. |holiday_name=Defence Day |nickname=Youm-e-Difa |observedby= Pakistan |scheduling = same day each year |duration = 1 day |frequency = Annual |date= 6 September |celebrations= Flag hoisting, Parade, Military exhibitions, award ceremonies, singing patriotic songs, entertainment and military programmes, speeches, etc. |type=National }}Defence Day ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|یوم دفاع}}}} ALA-LC: {{transl|ur|ALA-LC|Yaum-i Difāʿ}} {{IPA-ur|jɔːm-e d̪ɪfɑː|IPA}}) is celebrated in Pakistan as national day to commemorate the sacrifices made by Pakistani soldiers in defending its borders.[1][2] The date of 6 September marks the day in 1965 when Indian troops crossed the international border to launch an attack on Pakistani Punjab, in a riposte to Pakistan's Operation Grand Slam targeting Jammu.[3] The Pakistani narrative holds that it was an unprovoked surprise attack by India, which was repulsed by the Pakistan Army despite its smaller size and fewer armaments.[2][4] The narrative has been criticised by Pakistani commentators as representing false history.[2][5] The context of the 1965 WarThe Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 began with Pakistan sending 7,000–8,000 specially trained Mujahid raiders into the Kashmir Valley with the objective of inciting the population into rebellion and dislocating the Indian Army installations.{{sfn|Paul, Asymmetric Conflicts|1994|p=111}}{{efn|The infiltration began on 5 August 1965, according to the UN military observers stationed on the Kashmir Line of Control since 1949.{{sfn|Joshi, Kashmir, 1947–1965: A Story Retold|2008|p=213}}: Secretary-General U. Thant stated: "the series of violations that began on August 5 were to a considerable extent in subsequent days in the form of armed men not in uniform, crossing the CFL from the Pakistan side for the purpose of armed action on the Indian side."}} In the second stage, on 1 September, it launched a tank attack, dubbed Operation Grand Slam, towards the Akhnoor bridge in the Jammu Division. It was intended to be a "short and swift, fait accompli operation".{{sfn|Paul, Asymmetric Conflicts|1994|p=112}} According to scholar Shuja Nawaz, the Pakistani general intended to capture the Akhnoor bridge and swing towards Jammu to cut off India's communications with the Kashmir Valley.{{sfn|Nawaz, Crossed Swords|2008|p=213}} The Pakistanis had ignored the Indian Prime Minister's warnings that India would retaliate on Pakistan if Kashmir was attacked.{{sfn|Paul, Asymmetric Conflicts|1994|p=112}} On 6 September, according to its "pre-declared strategy"{{sfn|Paul, Asymmetric Conflicts|1994|p=112}} of riposte,{{sfn|Nawaz, Crossed Swords|2008|p=227}}{{efn|A riposte in military strategy involves striking a vulnerable point of the enemy in order to force him to abandon his own attack.[6]}} the Indian Army crossed the international border in Punjab with the objective of cutting off the Grand Trunk Road near Lahore. The attack came as a surprise to the Pakistani commanders.{{sfn|Paul, Asymmetric Conflicts|1994|p=112}}{{sfn|Hiranandani, Transition to Guardianship|2013|p=1965}} According to Air Marshal Nur Khan, the Army Chief General Musa Khan told the President on the second day of the war that the Army had run out of ammunition. He states that the Army suffered heavy losses in the war.{{sfn|Hiranandani, Transition to Guardianship|2013|p=1964}} On 23 September, Pakistan accepted a UN-mandated ceasefire.{{efn|India had already accepted various UN proposals for cease-fire, starting around 14 September.[7]}} Celebrations and ParadesThe Army of Pakistan displays its latest missiles, tanks, guns, army aviation helicopters and armament being used by Engineers, Electrical and Mechanical Corps, Army Air Defense, Signals, Army Service Corps and the Army Medical Corps.[8] Everyone is allowed to watch such functions live by going to specific places. These shows are also displayed on national TV channels. National songs, special documentaries about 6 September 1965 and the stories of the people who were martyred on that day are displayed on TV. The facts are told of how people sacrificed their lives for the defense of the country and what the responsibility is of the younger generation, the children, who are the future of Pakistan.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} The change of guard ceremony takes place at Mazar-e-Quaid, Karachi, where the cadets of Pakistan Air Force Academy present the Guard of Honour and take the charge.[9] Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^[https://www.dawn.com/news/1431323/september-6-a-day-to-remember-the-sacrifices-of-pakistans-martyrs September 6: A day to remember the sacrifices of Pakistan's martyrs], Dawn, 7 September 2018. 2. ^1 2 Taha Siddiqui, [https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/dear-pakistanis-defence-day-stop-celebrating-hate-180905141627473.html Dear Pakistanis, this Defence Day, please stop celebrating hate], Al Jazeera, 6 September 2018. 3. ^{{harvnb|Nawaz, Crossed Swords|2008|p=227}}: "Opposing it was the Indian I Corps wich its 1st Armoured Division and three infantry divisions, with orders to secure the Pathankot-Jammu road by launching a riposte to an anticipated move by Pakistan against Jammu, the private plan of General Akhtar Malik that his superiors had thwarted." 4. ^{{harvnb|Kumar, Prejudice and Pride|2001|p=45}}: "Young Nation, a youth supplement published by the liberal Friday Times of Lahore wrote: It tells an epic tale of our soldiers who being a very small number compared to the Indian and having very little ammunition, weapons and machinery, fought with such spirit, bravery and courage that it stunned the Indian forces, and of the unity of our people." 5. ^Air Marshal Nur Khan, Dawn, 6 September 2005, quoted in {{harvnb|Hiranandani, Transition to Guardianship|2013|pp=1963–1964}}: "It was a wrong war and they misled the nation with a big lie that India, rather than Pakistan, had provoked the war and that we (Pakistanis) were the victims of the Indian aggression." 6. ^{{citation |last=Beaufre |first=André |title=An Introduction to Strategy: With Particular Reference to Problems of Defense, Politics, Economics, and Diplomacy in the Nuclear Age |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EJ4rAAAAYAAJ |year=1965 |publisher=Faber & Faber |p=39}} 7. ^{{harvnb|Joshi, Kashmir, 1947–1965: A Story Retold|2008|p=215}}: "in his report of September 16, the Secretary-General chose to be even-handed and told the Council that India had accepted the suggestion, and Pakistan was yet to reply." 8. ^{{cite book|title=Defense Day Celebrations|year=1968|publisher=Illustrated weekly of Pakistan|page=22}} 9. ^{{cite news|title=Defense Day: Soldiers honoured 46 years on|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/246189/defense-day-soldiers-honoured-46-years-on/|accessdate=5 May 2012|newspaper=The Express Tribune|date=6 September 2012}} Bibliography
5 : Military of Pakistan|Parades in Pakistan|Public holidays in Pakistan|September observances|Autumn events in Pakistan |
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