“Deferasirox”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

It was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in November 2005.^[3]^[5]

According to FDA (May 2007), renal failure and cytopenias have been reported in patients receiving deferasirox oral suspension tablets. It is approved in the European Union by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for children 6 years and older for chronic iron overload from repeated blood transfusions.^[6]^[7]^[8]

Properties

The half-life of deferasirox is between 8 and 16 hours allowing once a day dosing. Two molecules of deferasirox are capable of binding to 1 atom of iron which are subsequently eliminated by fecal excretion. Its low molecular weight and high lipophilicity allows the drug to be taken orally unlike deferoxamine which has to be administered by IV route (intravenous infusion). Together with deferiprone, deferasirox seems to be capable of removing iron from cells (cardiac myocytes and hepatocytes) as well as removing iron from the blood.

Synthesis

Deferasirox can be prepared from simple commercially available starting materials (salicylic acid, salicylamide and 4-hydrazinobenzoic acid) in the following two-step synthetic sequence:

The condensation of salicyloyl chloride (formed in situ from salicylic acid and thionyl chloride) with salicylamide under dehydrating reaction conditions results in formation of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3(4H)-benzoxazin-4-one. This intermediate is isolated and reacted with 4-hydrazinobenzoic acid in the presence of base to give 4-(3,5-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzoic acid (Deferasirox).^[9]

Risks

Deferasirox was the #2 drug on the list of 'Most frequent suspected drugs in reported patient deaths' compiled by the Institute for Safe Medical Practices in 2009. There were 1320 deaths reported, perhaps explained by an update to the ADE data of Novartis, and a new boxed warning about gastrointestinal haemorrhage as well as kidney and liver failure.^[10]

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.chemsrc.com/en/cas/201530-41-8_894718.html|title=Deferasirox_msds}}
2. ^Official manufacturer website including information for health care professionals about indications, dosing, safety and more: http://www.exjade.com/
3. ^¹{{cite journal |vauthors=Choudhry VP, Naithani R |title=Current status of iron overload and chelation with deferasirox |journal=Indian J Pediatr |volume=74 |issue=8 |pages=759–64 |year=2007 |pmid=17785900 |doi=10.1007/s12098-007-0134-7}} Free full text
4. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Yang LP, Keam SJ, Keating GM |title=Deferasirox : a review of its use in the management of transfusional chronic iron overload |journal=Drugs |volume=67 |issue=15 |pages=2211–30 |year=2007 |pmid=17927285 |doi=10.2165/00003495-200767150-00007}}
5. ^¹{{cite press release | url = http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/news/2005/NEW01258.html | title = FDA Approves First Oral Drug for Chronic Iron Overload | date = November 9, 2005 | accessdate = 2007-10-31 | publisher = United States Food and Drug Administration}}
6. ^Exjade - deferasirox, from EMA website
7. ^Turning a blind eye to deferasirox's toxicity?, The Lancet, Volume 381, No. 9873, p1183–1184, 6 April 2013
8. ^Review: Exjade side effects
9. ^{{cite journal |author=Stefan Steinhauser |author2=Uwe Heinz |author3=Mark Bartholomä |author4=Thomas Weyhermüller |author5=Hanspeter Nick |author6=Kaspar Hegetschweiler |title=Complex Formation of ICL670 and Related Ligands with Fe^III and Fe^II |journal=European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry |volume=2004 |issue=21 |pages=4177–4192 |year=2004 |doi=10.1002/ejic.200400363}}]
10. ^{{cite news |author=ISMP |title=ISMP QuarterWatch(TM) |publisher=ISMP Medication Safety Alert |volume=15 |issue=12 |pages=1–3 |year=2010 }}