| 词条 | Deinopoidea |
| 释义 |
| taxon = Deinopoidea | image = Uloborus plumipes side 2.jpg | image_caption = Uloborus plumipes, Uloboridae | image2 = Deinopis-and-web-taiwan.jpg | image2_caption = Deinopis sp. with web | authority = C.L. Koch, 1851[1] | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision =Deinopidae Uloboridae }} The Deinopoidea or deinopoids are group of cribellate araneomorph spiders that may be treated as a superfamily.[2] As usually circumscribed, the group contains two families: Deinopidae and Uloboridae.[1] Some studies have produced cladograms in which the Deinopoidea are paraphyletic.[4] A review in 2014 concluded that "at this time the monophyly of Deinopoidea remains dubious".[5] CharacteristicsThe group is characterized by the production of orb webs with catching threads of cribellate silk (i.e. silk made up of very fine threads produced by combing an initial thread using the spider's calamistrum). Uloborids spin vertical orb webs, very similar in shape to those made by araneids, such as the cross spider. Deinopids initially spin an orb web, which they then suspend between their front legs and use as a net to ensnare prey.[6][7] PhylogenyAccording to one hypothesis, the two groups in which orb-weaving occurs, the cribellate deinopoids and the ecribellate araneoids, make up a single monophyletic group, Orbiculariae, in which orb-weaving evolved. One hypothesis for the relationships involved is summarized in the cladogram below.[8] {{clade |style=line-height:100%|label1=Entelegynae |1={{clade |1=Eresoidea |2=Palpimanoidea |3={{clade |label1=Orbiculariae |1={{clade |1=Deinopoidea |2=Araneoidea (broadly defined) |2={{clade |1=Nicodamidae |2=RTA Clade }} }} }} }} An alternative view is that both the Deinopoidea and the Orbiculariae are paraphyletic (i.e. do not form a good taxa). Another hypothesis for the phylogeny of the Entelegynae is shown below (parentheses show the genera included in the study).{{sfnp|Bond|Garrison|Hamilton|Godwin|2014|loc=Fig S5}} {{barlabel|style=line-height:100%; |size=6 |at1=3.5|label1=Deinopoidea |cladogram={{clade |label1=Entelegynae |1={{clade |1=Eresidae (Stegodyphus) |2={{clade |1=Araneoidea |2={{clade |1={{cladex |1=Uloboridae (Philoponella)|barbegin1=red |2={{cladex |1=Deinopidae (Deinopis)|barend1=red |2=Oecobiidae (Oecobius) }} }} |2=RTA Clade }} }} }} }} }} References1. ^1 {{Citation |last=Coddington |first=J.A. |year=1986 |editor-last=Shear |editor-first=W.A. |contribution=The monophyletic origin of the orb web |title=Spiders: Webs, Behavior, and Evolution |pages=319–363 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-1203-3 |contribution-url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jonathan_Coddington/publication/247932491_The_Monophyletic_Origin_of_the_Orb_Web/links/53e8f4300cf2dc24b3c7dfe1.pdf |accessdate=2015-10-12 |lastauthoramp=yes }} [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]2. ^1 {{Citation |last=Coddington |first=Jonathan A. |year=2005 |editor-last=Ubick |editor-first=D. |editor2-last=Paquin |editor2-first=P. |editor3-last=Cushing |editor3-first=P.E. |editor4-last=Roth |editor4-first=V. |contribution=Phylogeny and classification of spiders |title=Spiders of North America: an identification manual |pages=18–24 |publisher=American Arachnological Society |accessdate=2015-09-24 |contribution-url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/4365/CoddingtonSNAPhylogeny05.pdf |ref=harv |lastauthoramp=yes }} 3. ^1 2 {{Citation |last=Dunlop |first=Jason A. |last2=Penney |first2=David |year=2011 |editor-last=Zhang |editor-first=Z.-Q. |contribution=Order Araneae Clerck, 1757 |title=Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness |series=Zootaxa |number=3148 |publication-place=Auckland, New Zealand |publisher=Magnolia Press |isbn=978-1-86977-850-7 |accessdate=2015-10-31 |contribution-url=http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p153.pdf |lastauthoramp=yes }} 4. ^1 {{Citation |last=Griswold |first=Charles E. |last2=Coddington |first2=Jonathan A. |last3=Hormiga |first3=Gustavo |last4=Scharff |first4=Nikolaj |date=1998 |title=Phylogeny of the orb-web building spiders (Araneae, Orbiculariae: Deinopoidea, Araneoidea) |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=123 |issue=1 |pages=1–99 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1998.tb01290.x |issn=1096-3642 |lastauthoramp=yes }} 5. ^1 {{Citation |last=Hormiga |first=Gustavo |last2=Dimitrov |first2=Dimitar |last3=Lopardo |first3=Lara |last4=Giribet |first4=Gonzalo |last5=Arnedo |first5=Miquel A. |last6=Álvarez-Padilla |first6=Fernando |year=2011 |title=Tangled in a sparse spider web: single origin of orb weavers |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dimitar_Dimitrov8/publication/51765939_Tangled_in_a_sparse_spider_web_single_origin_of_orb_weavers_and_their_spinning_work_unravelled_by_denser_taxonomic_sampling/links/5513d3ac0cf283ee08349213.pdf |accessdate=2015-09-24 |lastauthoramp=yes }} 6. ^1 {{Citation |last=Hormiga |first=Gustavo |last2=Griswold |first2=Charles E. |year=2014 |title=Systematics, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Orb-Weaving Spiders |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=487–512 |doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-162046 |pmid=24160416 |lastauthoramp=yes }}, p. 492 7. ^1 {{Citation |last=Leong |first=T.M. |last2=Foo |first2=S.K. |year=2009 |title=An encounter with the net-casting spider, Deinopis species in Singapore (Araneae: Deinopidae) |journal=Nature in Singapore |volume=2 |pages=247–255 |url=http://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/images/data/nature_in_singapore/online_journal/2009/2009nis247-255.pdf |accessdate=2015-09-28 |lastauthoramp=yes }} }}{{Araneae}} 2 : Araneomorphae|Arachnid superfamilies |
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