| 词条 | Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor |
| 释义 |
| name = Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor | iucn_category = | iucn_ref = | photo = d&l_logo.jpg | photo_caption = | map = | map_image = Location of Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor in Pennsylvania.svg | map_size = 300 | map_caption = Location of Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor in Pennsylvania | relief = | location = Pennsylvania, United States | nearest_city = | nearest_town = | coordinates = {{coord|40|40.178|N|75|14.1823|W}} | coords_ref = | length = {{convert|165|mi|km|abbr=on}}, North–South | length_mi = | length_km = | width = | width_mi = | width_km = | area_ref = | elevation = | elevation_avg = | elevation_min = Bristol | elevation_max = Mountain Top | dimensions = | designation = | authorized = | created = | designated = | established = 1988 | named_for = | visitation_num = 282,796 | visitation_year = 2012 | visitation_ref = {{sfn|User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis|p=2|ps=}} | governing_body = Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor Commission | administrator = | operator = | owner = | website = {{URL|http://www.delawareandlehigh.org}} | embedded = }} The Delaware & Lehigh Canal National and State Heritage Corridor (D&L) is a {{Convert|165|mi|km|adj = on}} National Heritage Area in eastern Pennsylvania in the United States. It stretches from north to south, across five counties and over one hundred municipalities. It follows the historic routes of the Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad, Lehigh Valley Railroad, the Lehigh Navigation, Lehigh Canal, and the Delaware Canal, from Bristol (northeast of Philadelphia) to Wilkes-Barre in the northeastern part of the state. The backbone of the Corridor is the {{Convert|165|mi|km|adj = on}} D & L Trail. The Corridor's mission is to preserve heritage and conserve green space for public use in Bucks, Northampton, Lehigh, Carbon, and Luzerne counties in Pennsylvania.{{sfn|Management Action Plan|p=xiii|ps=}} It also operates Hugh Moore Historical Park & Museums, which includes the National Canal Museum. GeographyThe Corridor is a contiguous, five-county region in eastern Pennsylvania. It contains the counties of Luzerne, Lehigh, Carbon, Bucks, and Northampton.{{sfn|Management Action Plan|p=xiii|ps=}} Major rivers include the Susquehanna, Delaware, and Lehigh. Cities in the Corridor{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
ActivitiesThe mission of the Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor is to enrich communities through actions and partnerships that conserve the resources, preserve the history, and enhance the quality of life. Today, the Corridor offers a broad range of experiences for visitors and residents such as hiking, boating, camping, biking, and fishing. The Delaware & Lehigh also operates the National Canal Museum in Easton, Pennsylvania, which includes the Emrick Technology Center, Locktender's House Museum and the canal boat ride, Josiah White II. Historically, the Corridor has been used to link people and communities, and this is still a prominent goal of the Corridor today. The entire trail is used to connect and promote the importance of this region. Each community has unique ecological attributes and a diversified history to conserve. The Corridor preserves these features and offers an opportunity to educate and enjoy nature. D&L TrailThe D&L Trail is a {{convert|165|mi|adj=on}} multi-use trail. The trail incorporates rail trails, rails with trails, share-the-road sections, and canal towpaths. The trail follows the route that anthracite coal took from mine to market. It winds through northern mountains and along the banks of the Lehigh and Delaware Rivers through northeast Pennsylvania, the Lehigh Valley, and Bucks County. The D&L Trail passes through towns, industrial powerhouses, and along remnants of the Lehigh and Delaware canals. This earthen path exposes walkers, hikers, bicyclists, and others to Pennsylvania wildflowers, waterfalls, and wildlife. Currently, {{convert|135|mi}} of the trail are completed.[1] The southern terminus of the trail is in Bristol, Bucks County. The northern terminus of the trail is in Mountain Top, Luzerne County. Work has begun on extending the trail from Mountain Top—to—Wilkes Barre at Seven Tubs Natural Area. From Mountain Top to White Haven, the trail is locally known as the Black Diamond Trail. From White Haven to Jim Thorpe, the trail is locally known as the Lehigh Gorge Trail, a {{convert|26|mi|adj=on}} section that parallels the Lehigh River and the valley of the Lehigh Gorge at Lehigh Gorge State Park. From Easton to Bristol, the trail is known as the Delaware Canal towpath, a {{convert|60|mi|adj=on}} section that passes entirely through Delaware Canal State Park. The Delaware Canal towpath is a National Recreation Trail.[2] The highest point on the trail is {{convert|1785|ft|abbr = on}} in Mountain Top; the lowest point is {{convert|20|ft|abbr = on}} in Bristol. RecreationThe Corridor contains more than {{Convert|100000|acre|ha}} of public lands for outdoor recreation, including many state, county, and local parks.{{sfn|Shealey|ps=}} {{div col|colwidth=20em}}
Historical appreciationThe Corridor includes hundreds of historical sites related to a variety of subjects including: social development of young America (Leni Lenape) settlements, the anthracite coal mining era (the Molly Maguires labor movement), the Industrial Revolution (Bethlehem Steel), the development of systematic canals (the Lehigh Navigation, Lehigh and Delaware Canals), the development of rail transportation (Lehigh Valley Railroad), and the evolution of natural conservation (John J. Audubon and Bucks County conservation movement). It also features sites that can be interpreted to represent the transforming principles that became the foundation of the American Constitution — religious freedom, mutual responsibility between government and the people, and equality. In 2017, the D&L completed a merger with the National Canal Museum, combining the reaches of both the museum and the D&L Trail. The Delaware & Lehigh now operates the museum and works to provide information on the history, science, and technology of canal construction and navigation. They manage a complete collection and archive of important artifacts of both the canal era and the industrial revolution. Through this merger, the D&L deepens one of their central missions as an organization: to preserve the cultural heritage of the Delaware and Lehigh canals. They plan to create traveling exhibits to take the National Canal Museum to communities along the Corridor and further this historical appreciation component. HistoryPre-European trading routesThe Corridor has long been a busy crossroads. Native American 18th - 20th centuries: Coal mining eraIn 1791, Philip Grinder found anthracite coal in what is now Summit Hill, Carbon County, PA. Coal helped the region develop and contributed to America's iron and steel industries. The anthracite coal in the region is known as "stone coal" because of its rock-like hardness. Anthracite is created over millions of years as countless layers of sediment compress plant debris from swamps until it becomes hard. The Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor follows the route stone coal took from mine to market, winding through northern mountains and along the banks of the Lehigh and Delaware Rivers.[3] In the early to mid-1800s, a lengthy network of locks, canals, and towpaths was built to ship anthracite, further aiding the mining industry's growth. The Lehigh Canal system generated a great deal of industrial development in the form of mining and the accompanying infrastructure. It gave rise to many towns and offshoot businesses, such as timber cutting, sawmills, steel mills, tanneries, etc. The Delaware Canal, on the other hand, was a means of shipping goods and establishing commerce. It supplemented existing overland routes resulting in the lack of an industrial boom along this route. However, the Lehigh and Delaware Canals merged to create part of a grand transportation systems stretching from the Appalachian Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean. In 1862 a massive flood, which destroyed dams, locks, canal boats, and villages, helped to shift the shipping of anthracite coal towards the railroads. Much like the canals, railroads helped to transport goods and contribute to the development of the region. Asa Packer's Lehigh Valley Railroad, which ran from Mauch Chunk to Easton and on to New York City, was the first rail line to have a significant impact. The Lehigh & Susquehanna Railroad, Reading Railroad, and the Pennsylvania Railroad also moved into the area to create competition for the shipping of coal and goods.[4] The canals and railroads that serve as the Corridor's backbone once transported coal, lumber, slate, iron, cement, and steel from mountain to market, fueling the Industrial Revolution and supplying downstream industries for more than a century. Of all the products and businesses born out of the coal and transportation connection, none were as significant as Bethlehem Steel, locally known as "The Steel." A National Heritage AreaIn 1988, U.S. Congress designated the Corridor as nationally significant, in recognition of its nine National Historic Landmarks, six National Recreation Trails, two National Natural Landmarks and hundreds of sites listed in the National Register of Historic Places. A National Heritage Area is a region that has been recognized by the United States Congress for its unique qualities and resources. It is a place where a combination of natural, cultural, historic, and recreational resources have shaped a cohesive, nationally distinctive landscape. The Corridor is one of forty-nine federally recognized National Heritage Ages. Heritage areas allow local communities to cooperate on efforts to preserve the resources that are important to them. This partnership approach to heritage development allows collaboration around a theme, industry, and/or geographical feature that influenced the region's culture and history. This strategy encourages individuals and agencies to prioritized programs and projects that recognize, preserve, and celebrate many of America's defining landscapes.{{sfn|Alliance|ps=}} D&L Trail takes shapeIn 2013, work was completed on 10 miles of trail from White Haven to Mountain Top.{{sfn|D&L Trail Has Biggest Year|ps=}} This section of the trail is locally known as the Black Diamond Trail. This is the first trail section that leaves the Lehigh River; it replaces abandoned rail beds. A trailhead and parking lot near Mountain Top were also completed. The trailhead is located on land owned by the PA DCNR Bureau of Foresty and the PA Game Commission. Funding was made possible by a $1.2m grant from the Federal Highway Administration through PennDOT. Gaps in the trail were also filled. A gap was filled at the crossing of State Route 13 in Levittown. Another gap was filled between Riverview Park in Palmer Township and Hugh Moore Park in Easton. Merger with the National Canal MuseumIn 2013, the Delaware & Lehigh National Heritage Corridor began operating the National Canal Museum under a management agreement. This marked the beginning of a three-year transition in which the two organizations would become one. The transition allowed the D&L to integrate the management, finance, marketing, and development functions of the two organizations. The merger of the two in 2017 culminated this transition period. The D&L is the surviving entity under which the enterprises will operate. The museum, along with the other operations of Hugh Moore Historical Park & Museums, is now the Signature Program of the D&L. It is located in the Emrick Technology Center in Easton, Pennsylvania's Hugh Moore Park. AffiliationsThe Delaware & Lehigh National Heritage Corridor was recognized as an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution in 2017. It is the first National Heritage Area to be recognized as a Smithsonian Affiliate. See also
Notes1. ^{{Cite news|url = http://articles.mcall.com/2014-02-16/entertainment/mc-tail-trail-delaware-lehigh-20140216_1_ironton-rail-trail-dl-trail-trail-website|title = Take a walk on the winter side|last = Lauer-Williams|first = Kathy|date = 16 February 2014|work = The Morning Call|accessdate = 21 December 2014|publisher = Tribune Publishing}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/stateparks/findapark/delawarecanal/#biking|title = Delaware Canal State Park|date = |accessdate = 20 December 2014|website = PA DCNR|publisher = |last = |first = }} 3. ^Shealey, pp. 5-6. 4. ^Shealey, pp.10-11. References{{refbegin|30em}}
|title=Delaware & Lehigh Canal National Heritage Corridor and State Park: Excerpts from the Management Action Plan |publisher=The Delaware & Lehigh Canal National Heritage Corridor Commission, U.S. Department of the Interior |date=1993-04-02 |url=http://www.delawareandlehigh.org/images/library/MAP_Executive_Summary.pdf |accessdate=2014-12-17 |pages= |ref={{sfnref|Management Action Plan|ps=}} |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206145709/http://www.delawareandlehigh.org/images/library/MAP_Executive_Summary.pdf |archivedate=2012-02-06 |df= }}
| first = Tom|last = Shealey | title = D&L Trail, Towns & Culture: The Stone Coal Way: A Guide to Navigating Delaware & Lehigh National Heritage Corridor through Eastern Pennsylvania | publisher = Delaware & Lehigh National Heritage Corridor | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-9742944-1-1 | url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/delaware | accessdate=2014-12-17 | ref ={{sfnref|Shealey|ps=}} }}
|title=D & L Trail 2012 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis |url=http://www.delawareandlehigh.org/images/library/DL_Trail_User_Survey_FINAL_lr.pdf |website=Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor |accessdate=13 December 2014 |page=2 |date=December 2012 |ref={{sfnref|User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis|ps=}} }}{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
|title=Alliance of National Heritage Areas |url=http://www.nationalheritageareas.com/what_is_nha.html |accessdate=13 December 2014 |ref={{sfnref|Alliance|ps=}} }}
|title=D&L Trail Has Biggest Year |url=http://www.delawareandlehigh.org/blog/dl-trail-has-biggest-year/ |publisher=Delaware & Lehigh Canal National Heritage Corridor |accessdate=17 December 2014 |ref={{sfnref|D&L Trail Has Biggest Year|ps=}} |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218064748/http://www.delawareandlehigh.org/blog/dl-trail-has-biggest-year/ |archivedate=18 December 2014 |df= }}{{refend}} External links
1 {{DEFAULTSORT:Delaware And Lehigh National Heritage Corridor}} 16 : Canals in Pennsylvania|National Heritage Areas of the United States|Pennsylvania culture|Protected areas of Pennsylvania|Tourist attractions in Carbon County, Pennsylvania|Tourist attractions in Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Tourist attractions in Northampton County, Pennsylvania|Tourist attractions in Columbia County, Pennsylvania|Tourist attractions in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Protected areas established in 1988|1988 establishments in Pennsylvania|Transportation buildings and structures in Carbon County, Pennsylvania|Transportation buildings and structures in Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Transportation buildings and structures in Northampton County, Pennsylvania|Transportation buildings and structures in Columbia County, Pennsylvania|Transportation buildings and structures in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania |
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