| 词条 | Deosai National Park | ||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Deosai National Park | alt_name =({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|دیوسای٘}}}}; {{lang-bft|{{Nastaliq|غبیارسہ}}}}) | iucn_category = | photo = File:The Land of Giants, Deosai.jpg | photo_alt = | photo_caption =The Deosai Plains are the world's second highest alpine plains | photo_width = | location = Astore, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan | coordinates = {{coord|34|58|N|75|24|E|region:PK|display=title}} | area_km2 = 3000 | established = | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | website = {{URL|dnp.gog.pk}} | governing_body = | world_heritage_site = }} The Deosai National Park ({{Lang-ur|دیوسائی نیشنل پارک}}) is a high-altitude alpine plain and national park in northern Pakistan. It is located largely within Astore District in Gilgit Baltistan.[1] Deosai Plains are situated at an average elevation of 4,114 metres (13,497 ft) above sea level.[2] Etymology'Deosai' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|دیوسای٘}}}}) means 'the land of Giants' in Urdu. Balti people call this place 'Ghbiarsa' ({{lang-bft|{{Nastaliq|غبیارسہ}}}}) referring to 'Summer's Place' because it is only accessible in summer. GeographyThe Deosai National Park is located between Kharmang, Astore and Skardu in Gilgit Baltistan. It has an average elevation of {{convert|4114|m|ft}} above sea level,[3] making the Deosai Plains second[4] highest plateau in the world. The park protects an area of {{convert|3000|sqkm|mi2}}. It is well known for its rich flora and fauna of the Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe eco region. In spring, it is covered by sweeps of wildflowers and a wide variety of butterflies. Deosai is second highest plateau after Changtang Tibetan Plateau. Travel routes to the regionDeosai is accessible from Skardu District in the north, Galtari Kharmang District in the south-east and the Astore District in the west. Deosai is located approximately 30 km from Skardu city and it is the shortest route to visit Deosai. Most foreigners visit Deosai via Skardu. It takes one hour to reach Deosai top via Sadpara Skardu. Another route is from Astore valley via Chilim. It is also accessible from Shila valley. The people of Galtari travel via Deosai but it is a park and only a small number of people live here. There is another route called Burgi la via Tsoq Kachura valley Skardu.[5][6][7] Geology and soilThe soils of this area are severely eroded, of a coarser nature and mixed with gravel and stones of various material and sizes. In flat areas between mountains, soil is deep with marshy vegetation. Fauna and FloraThe Deosai National Park was established in 1993 to protect the survival of the Himalayan brown bear and its habitat. Having long been a prize kill for poachers and hunters, the bear now has a hope for survival in Deosai where its number has increased from only 19 in 1993 to 40 in 2005. During the last decade, a few but effective measures have been taken by the Government of Pakistan for the survival of brown bear in the region. In 1993, Himalayan Wildlife Project was founded with a substantial financial support from international environmental concerns. But the brown bear is still under threat. The Deosai Plains are also home to the Himalayan ibex, red fox, golden marmot (locally called Phia), gray wolf, the Ladakh urial, snow leopard and over 124 resident and migratory birds. Birds in the park include the golden eagle, lammergeier, griffon vulture, laggar falcon, peregrine falcon, Eurasian kestrel, Eurasian sparrowhawk and snowcock. The following species are found in Deosai: Artemisia maritima, Polygonum affine, Thalictrum alpinum, Bromus oxyodon, Saxifraga flagellaris, Androsace mucronifolia, Aster flaccidus, Barbarea vulgaris, Artemisia maritima, Agropyron longearistatum, Nepeta connate, Carex cruenta, Ranaculyus laetus, Arenaria neelgerrensis, Astrogalus leucophylla, Polygonum amplexinade, Echinop nivetus, Seria chrysanthenoides, Artemisia maritima, Dracocephalum nutsus, Anapalas contorta, Chrysopogon echinulatus and Dianthus crinitus. There were also observed some medicinal plants which are locally famous i.e. Thymu linearis (Reetumburuk), Saussures lappa (kuth), Ephedra intimedia (Say), Viola canescens (Skora-mindoq), Dracocephalum muristanicum (Shamdun) and Artemisia maritima (Bursay) etc. are used as traditional drug therapies. Cultural referencesHerodotusResearch by the French ethnologist Michel Peissel makes a claim that the story of 'Gold-digging ants' reported by the Greek historian Herodotus, who lived in the 5th century BC, was founded on the golden Himalayan Marmot of the Deosai plateau and the habit of local tribes such as Minaro to collect the gold dust excavated from their burrows.[8] In film
Pakistani singer Ali Zafar is also working on a film which is based in Deosai.[9][10][11] GallerySee also{{commons category}}
References{{Wikivoyage}}1. ^{{cite web|last1=Deosai|first1=National Park|title=Deosai National Park 2nd Highest Plateau in the World|url=http://www.skardu.pk/deosai-national-park/|website=www.skardu.pk|publisher=Skardu.in|accessdate=23 November 2016}} 2. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v1X1CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA456&dq=deosai+4114&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjbgqugtbnaAhWD-VQKHavCAJcQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=deosai%204114&f=false|title=Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems|last=Öztürk|first=Münir|last2=Hakeem|first2=Khalid Rehman|last3=Faridah-Hanum|first3=I.|last4=Efe|first4=Recep|date=2015-05-05|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319128597|language=en}} 3. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v1X1CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA456&dq=deosai+4114&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjbgqugtbnaAhWD-VQKHavCAJcQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=deosai%204114&f=false|title=Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems|last=Öztürk|first=Münir|last2=Hakeem|first2=Khalid Rehman|last3=Faridah-Hanum|first3=I.|last4=Efe|first4=Recep|date=2015-05-05|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319128597|language=en}} 4. ^{{Cite web|title=Plateau|url=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/208818/deosai-anything-but-plain/|title=Deosai: Anything but plain|date=17 July 2011|publisher=Karim Shah Nizari|newspaper=The Express Tribune}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1178524|title=Deosai Plains: Welcome to surreal Pakistan|newspaper=DAWN|date=27 April 2015|publisher=Syed Mehdi Bukhari}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1250740|title=My search for the elusive 'giant' of Deosai|newspaper=DAWN|date=9 April 2016|publisher=Osman Ehtisham Anwar}} 8. ^Peissel, Michel. "The Ants' Gold: The Discovery of the Greek El Dorado in the Himalayas". Collins, 1984. {{ISBN|978-0-00-272514-9}}. 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1182711|title=Just in: Ali Zafar dishes on Deosai, his first film production!|newspaper=DAWN|date=18 May 2015}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/888322/ali-zafars-dream-to-culminate-on-the-heights-of-deosai/|title=Ali Zafar's dream to culminate on the heights of Deosai|newspaper=The Express Tribune|date=18 May 2015}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/901087/ali-zafar-is-fighting-to-get-fit-for-role-in-upcoming-film-deosai/|title=Ali Zafar is fighting to get fit for role in upcoming film 'Deosai'|newspaper=The Express Tribune|date=10 June 2015}} External links
3 : Skardu District|Protected areas of Gilgit-Baltistan|National parks of Pakistan |
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