| 词条 | Desert Center, California |
| 释义 |
|name = Desert Center |official_name = |settlement_type = census-designated place |nickname = |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_seal = |pushpin_map = USA California |pushpin_label_position = left |pushpin_map_caption = Location within the state of California |pushpin_mapsize = |image_map = File:Riverside County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Desert Center Highlighted 0618982.svg |map_caption = Location of Desert Center in Riverside County, California |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{USA}} |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}} |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Riverside |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = | unit_pref = US | area_footnotes = [1] | area_total_sq_mi = 30.425 | area_land_sq_mi = 30.425 | area_water_sq_mi = 0 | area_total_km2 = 78.799 | area_land_km2 = 78.799 | area_water_km2 = 0 | area_water_percent = 0 | area_note = |population_as_of = 2010 |population_footnotes = |population_total = 204 |population_density_km2 = auto |timezone = Pacific (PST) |utc_offset = −8 |timezone_DST = PDT |utc_offset_DST = −7 |elevation_footnotes = [2] |elevation_ft = 656 |coordinates = {{coord|33|42|48|N|115|24|02|W|region:US|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type = ZIP Code |postal_code = 92239 |area_code = 442 and 760 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 06-18982 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = {{GNIS 4|2582993}} |website = |footnotes = }} Desert Center is a census designated place in the Colorado Desert in Riverside County, California. It is in southern California, between the cities of Indio and Blythe at the junction of Interstate 10 and State Route 177 (Desert Center-Rice Road), about halfway between Phoenix and Los Angeles. The ZIP Code is 92239, and the community is in telephone area codes 442 and 760. The elevation is {{convert|656|ft|m}}. The population was 204 at the 2010 census. HistoryBeginnings: "Desert Steve" RagsdaleThe town was founded in 1921 by Stephen A. Ragsdale, also known as "Desert Steve", and his wife, Lydia. Ragsdale was an itinerant preacher and cotton farmer, originally from Arkansas. In 1915, he left his farm in the Palo Verde Valley along the Colorado River to attend to some business in Los Angeles. The road between Phoenix and Los Angeles was mostly sand, and Ragsdale's vehicle broke down near a place called Gruendyke's Well. This featured a hand-dug well and was inhabited by a prospector named Bill Gruendyke. Gruendyke rescued Ragsdale and gave him food, shelter, and water until his vehicle was repaired and he could resume his journey to Los Angeles. Upon his return, Ragsdale bought out Gruendyke and moved his family to the remote spot, where they constructed a small shack with a lean-to that served as a repair garage. A Model T truck was modified to serve as a tow car. Gasoline was pumped by hand from a 55-gallon drum. Lydia served food and refreshments to thirsty and weary travelers. In spite of the remote location—{{convert|50|mi|km}} in any direction from anything—the Ragsdales prospered. Ragsdale named his outpost "Desert Center". In 1921, it was announced that the sand road running through Desert Center would be relocated about {{convert|5|mi|km}} north, straightened, paved, and named U.S. Route 60, a modern "high-speed" highway. Ragsdale abandoned "old Desert Center" and built a poured-concrete café in the adobe style with an attached gasoline station and a huge service garage. Across the road, a series of wooden structures were built, including a market (which at one time was the largest Coleman camping equipment dealer in the country), and a post office. He also built several cabins for travelers, and a large "plunge" (swimming pool) next to the café where travelers could escape the desert heat. Ragsdale was a desert eccentric of the first order, and his advertising for Desert Center in publications such as Desert Magazine reflected his personality: "U Need Us—We Need U", "Our Main Street is 100-miles long!",[3] "We lost our keys...we can't close!" (a reference to the fact that the café has been open 24 hours a day, 365 days a year since it opened in 1921), "Free Room and Board Every Day The Sun Doesn't Shine In Desert Center", "If You Don't Believe Me, You Can Go To Hell, or Visit Me in Desert Center in August! Nuf sed, Steve". Ragsdale was a teetotaler and once hung a sign on the door of the café which read, "No Drunks. No Dogs. We prefer dogs." He was known to take a stick to travelers who were drunk in his café. When Ragsdale needed a teacher for his own children and the few others in the town, the county declined to send one; there weren't enough students to warrant the expense. Ragsdale hastily built a basic structure of stick framing with paper board walls to use as a schoolhouse, and placed an ad in Los Angeles newspapers asking for an auto mechanic with a large family, which he got, and a teacher was indeed provided by the county. One morning, the town awoke to find that goats had gotten loose and had eaten the paper board walls of the schoolhouse as high as they could stand on their hind legs. The Ragsdales still have a photo of the goat-eaten schoolhouse. Ragsdale frequently retreated to his writing shack near the north tip of the rock formation called "The Alligator" (across I-10 from Desert Center) where he composed bad poetry—the stanzas are referred to as "Spasm #1", etc.—to be distributed in booklet form to travelers. Ragsdale was a close friend of many classic "desert people" such as Randall Henderson, founder of Desert Magazine; Marshall South, the hermit of Ghost Mountain; desert painter John Hilton; noted biologist Edmund C. Jaeger; and Harry Oliver, with whom Steve co-founded the annual Pegleg Smith Liar's Contest in Anza-Borrego. Oliver often printed items about Desert Steve in his 'newspaper,' the Desert Rat Scrap Book. Within a few years, Ragsdale operated a number of satellite businesses in locations such as Cactus City, Hell, Skyway, Box Canyon, and Shaver's Well. Around 1950, he was accused of dallying with an office worker in his employ and left Desert Center in disgrace, living the rest of his days in self-imposed exile at his log cabin retreat near the summit of Santa Rosa Mountain. His sons, Stanley, Thurman, and Herbert, took over operations of Desert Center, and Stanley eventually purchased the town from his father. Stanley ran it for decades, adding a hamburger stand and the Stanco gasoline station. "Desert Steve" Ragsdale died in 1971 and is buried in the Coachella Valley Public Cemetery,[4] even though he had dug his own grave near Desert Center prior to his 1950 departure and had even placed a memorial plaque near it. The empty grave and marker still exist.[5] Early prepaid health insuranceIn the early 1930s, Dr. Sidney R. Garfield, who had just graduated from University of Southern California, went to visit a former classmate with a practice in Indio. The practice was thriving to capacity, while Garfield was nearly without business in Depression-era Los Angeles. Garfield's friend explained that he was the closest doctor (50 miles) to 5,000 men digging the Colorado River Aqueduct under direction of The Seven Companies, Inc. The project site's headquarters was just southeast of Desert Center. Garfield borrowed money from his father and constructed a 4-bed clinic near the construction site. The clinic was cooled by an ammonia air-conditioning system and at the time was the only air-conditioned building between Riverside and Phoenix. Garfield would treat the men, who would promise to pay on payday, but who would usually go to Blythe or Indio and drink their paychecks. Within a year, Garfield was broke and announced that he would pull up stakes.[3] Hearing this, Henry J. Kaiser, whose division of the Six Companies, Inc. was building the stretch of the Colorado River Aqueduct through the Desert Center vicinity, visited Garfield at his clinic. His idea was to take a nickel a day out of each man's paycheck to prepay for that man's future medical treatments, should an injury occur while he was working. If the man wanted to be covered for the remainder of the day, after work hours, another nickel would be deducted. If the man had a wife and/or children he wanted to cover, this would cost another nickel. Within a short time, Garfield had a steady income stream and things improved for him immensely. When the aqueduct project was finished, Kaiser's next venture was the construction of the Grand Coulee Dam, and he took Garfield with him to manage the workers' health care, but this time there were 50,000 men, not just 5000.[6] Garfield's Contractors General Hospital evolved into Kaiser Permanente, the largest managed health care system in the world, but its origins are in Desert Center. In 1992 a roadside historical marker at the site was unveiled by Garfield's sister next to the grocery honoring Desert Center as the birthplace of Kaiser Permanente.[7] General Patton—Desert Training CenterBy 1942, Desert Center had very few residents. It was then that the Army, under the direction of Maj. General George S. Patton, established the Desert Center Army Air Field[8] to support operations in the California-Arizona Maneuver Area.[9] The base covered {{convert|18000|sqmi|km2}}.[10] Its purpose was to train troops for combat in the deserts of North Africa against the forces of German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel. The enormous operation came to a close in 1944, when the Allies were victorious in the North African theatre. A museum honoring Patton and his training complex is located in Chiriaco Summit.[11] After the military's departure, the town became quiet again, remaining relatively unchanged as the old U.S. Route 60/70 was replaced by Interstate 10. Eagle Mountain Mine and PrisonThe site of Kaiser Steel Eagle Mountain Mine, which was one of the largest open-pit iron mining operations in the world at the time of opening, is located about {{convert|13|mi|km}} north of Desert Center. The rich iron ore deposit was discovered by geologists employed by Henry J. Kaiser during construction of the Colorado River Aqueduct in the early 1930s. The Eagle Mountain Mine operated at capacity from World War II until Kaiser closed the mine and the town of Eagle Mountain in early 1982. Movies have used the mine as a filming location, including scenes from the Judgment Day—first Terminator movie in 3-D. A for-profit prison was operated by Utah's Management and Training Corporation here in facilities leased from Kaiser Steel. Nine weeks before it was closed on December 31, 2003, a race riot claimed the lives of two black prisoners. Plans for a project to operate an enormous waste management landfill at the mine site were stopped by environmentalists' legal actions taken to protect the surrounding Colorado Desert ecosystem and the groundwater aquifer. Desert Center todayToday, the town barely survives. The United States Post Office is the only remaining business. The nearest gasoline and fast food are at Chiriaco Summit, over 19 miles away. Desert Center is home to agricultural farms, two mobile home parks frequented by "snowbirds", and the Lake Tamarisk community, which includes a golf course and that was founded by the Kaiser Steel Corporation for mine management. Desert Center Airport {{Airport codes|||L64}} has a {{convert|4200|ft|m|adj=on}} runway, but last operated as a public airport in 1992. It is now privately owned and since 2010 has been the site of the Chuckwalla Valley Raceway, a professional-grade track that can be rented by clubs and individuals. The 1980s saw a surge of growth in Desert Center as jojoba gained popularity. The brackish water, sandy soil, and dry weather make the area ideal for cultivation of this hardy desert plant whose oil is used chiefly in cosmetic products. In the early 1990s, Stanley Ragsdale commissioned the planting of several hundred palm trees in strange patterns on the town's frontage with Interstate 10. When asked why, he said he always wanted a "tree-ring circus". Since his death in 1999, the trees have been left unattended and many have died. ServicesThe community is served by State Route 177 and Interstate 10. Most wireline phone numbers in Desert Center and Lake Tamarisk are served by Verizon Communications from the (760) 227-xxxx exchange. Additionally, Desert Center is served by Competitive Local Exchange Carriers (CLECs) via the (760) 205 and (760) 437 exchanges (per the Telecordia Local Exchange Routing Guide). {{As of|2000}}, a Caltrans maintenance station existed at 29476 Ragsdale Road. Local schoolchildren are part of the Desert Center Unified School District. Elementary and middle school students attend Eagle Mountain School in Eagle Mountain, California, while high school students are bussed daily to Blythe, California. Lake TamariskLake Tamarisk is a community about one and three quarter miles north of Interstate 10 off Kaiser Road at {{coord|33|44|20|N|115|23|20|W|}}, and on the Desert Center 7.5-minute quadrangle. The community has a golf course with low greens fees. Both the Lake Tamarisk Library and Riverside County Fire Department Station 49 are located at 43880 Lake Tamarisk Drive in Lake Tamarisk. GeographyAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of {{convert|30.4|sqmi|km2}}, all of it land. In the vicinity of Desert Center are the Chuckwalla Mountains, Corn Springs, Eagle Mountain (Kaiser Steel's former iron mine), and Chiriaco Summit and museum. Climate{{Weather box|location = Desert Center 2NNE,California (1981-2010) |single line = Yes |Jan high F = 66.5 |Feb high F = 71.8 |Mar high F = 79.2 |Apr high F = 86.3 |May high F = 95.7 |Jun high F = 103.8 |Jul high F = 107.9 |Aug high F = 106.1 |Sep high F = 100.7 |Oct high F = 89.5 |Nov high F = 75.4 |Dec high F = 65.6 |year high F = 87.4 |Jan low F = 40.9 |Feb low F = 44.9 |Mar low F = 49.2 |Apr low F = 55.3 |May low F = 63.8 |Jun low F = 71.3 |Jul low F = 78.4 |Aug low F = 77.6 |Sep low F = 69.9 |Oct low F = 59.1 |Nov low F = 46.9 |Dec low F = 39.8 |year low F = 58.1 |Jan precipitation inch = 0.53 |Feb precipitation inch = 0.52 |Mar precipitation inch = 0.46 |Apr precipitation inch = 0.08 |May precipitation inch = 0.06 |Jun precipitation inch = 0.01 |Jul precipitation inch = 0.24 |Aug precipitation inch = 0.65 |Sep precipitation inch = 0.37 |Oct precipitation inch = 0.24 |Nov precipitation inch = 0.24 |Dec precipitation inch = 0.52 |year precipitation inch = 3.92 |source 1 = [12] | }} As the name suggests, the town is in a desert—a hot desert (Köppen BWh). Demographics{{US Census population|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[13] }} The 2010 United States Census[14] reported that Desert Center had a population of 204. The population density was 6.7 people per square mile (2.6/km²). The racial makeup of Desert Center was 164 (80.4%) White (76.5% Non-Hispanic White),[15] 1 (0.5%) African American, 3 (1.5%) Native American, 2 (1.0%) Asian, 0 (0%) Pacific Islander, 25 (12%) from other races, and 9 (4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 38 persons (18.6%). The Census reported that 203 people (99% of the population) lived in households, 1 (<1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized. There were 85 households, out of which 20 (24%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 37 (44%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 10 (12%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1 (1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 3 (4%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 0 (0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 33 households (39%) were made up of individuals and 15 (18%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39. There were 48 families (57% of all households); the average family size was 3.19. The population was spread out with 40 people (20%) under the age of 18, 12 people (6%) aged 18 to 24, 43 people (21%) aged 25 to 44, 64 people (31%) aged 45 to 64, and 45 people (22%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.5 males. There were 140 housing units at an average density of 4.6 per square mile (1.8/km²), of which 61 (72%) were owner-occupied, and 24 (28%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 9%; the rental vacancy rate was 33%. 147 people (72% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 56 people (28%) lived in rental housing units. According to the 2010 United States Census, Desert Center had a median household income of $27,031, with 28.8% of the population living below the federal poverty line.[16] In popular cultureA critical scene in the 1945 film Detour takes place, according to the film's narration, outside a highway gas station "near the airport at Desert Center". An episode of the 1980s TV show Airwolf was filmed during July 1984 in Desert Center. The second-season premiere episode, titled "Sweet Britches", pitted the eponymous jet helicopter against a corrupt sheriff who was providing prisoners jailed for minor infractions to a local hunting club for the purpose of being hunted down and killed. The location made for some excellent photography and enhanced the episode with genuine desert earth tones. A portion of the Eagle Mountain Railroad south of Desert Center was used in the filming of the movie Tough Guys, which is a 1986 comedy starring Burt Lancaster, Kirk Douglas, Eli Wallach and Dana Carvey. Tough Guys was the final collaboration for Burt Lancaster and Kirk Douglas.[17] They played a couple of released cons who plan the last great train robbery. At the end, they hijack a train, pulled by famed locomotive Southern Pacific 4449, and run it full throttle to the Mexican border. During the filming of the exterior shots of Southern Pacific 4449 the train was stored nightly at the Eagle Mountain rail yards. The local schoolchildren from Eagle Mountain School took a field trip in early 1986 to see and tour the train on the location of the shoot along the Eagle Mountain Railroad south of Interstate 10.
References1. ^[https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt U.S. Census] {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/64vfLAeJ2?url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |date=2012-01-24 }} 2. ^{{GNIS|2582993}} 3. ^1 spring 2004 lrl {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529013958/http://xnet.kp.org/permanentejournal/summer06/Sum06.pdf |date=2008-05-29 }} 4. ^{{Find a Grave|25367257 | Stephen Albert "Desert Steve" Ragsdale |work= | author=Robert Blake Reid |date=March 18, 2008 |accessdate=December 27, 2011}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Steve Ragsdale|url=http://thedesertempire.com/steve-ragsdale/|publisher=The Desert Empire}} 6. ^[https://newsmedia.kaiserpermanente.org/kpweb/historykp/entrypage.do Kaiser Permanente—More than 60 Years of Quality] 7. ^{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=Marael |title=Why Stop? A Guide to California Roadside Historical Markers |year=1995 |publisher=Gulf Publishing Company |location=Houston, TX |isbn=9780884159230 |oclc= 32168093 |page= 45}} 8. ^Historic California Posts: Desert Center Army Air Field 9. ^Desert Training Center/ California-Arizona Maneuver Area, 1942–1944, Historical and Archaeological Contexts; Matt C. Bischoff, University of Arizona Press 10. ^Historic California Posts: California/Arizona Maneuver Area 11. ^General Patton's World War II Training Center—BLM California 12. ^Data Tools: 1981-2010 Normals 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2016}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0618982|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Desert Center CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=July 12, 2014}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=CF |title=Race and Hispanic or Latino Origin: 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214162235/http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=CF |archivedate=December 14, 2014 }} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml#none |title=Median Household Income |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210041242/http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml |archivedate=December 10, 2014 }} 17. ^[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0092105/ Tough Guys (1986)] 18. ^[https://www.imdb.com/List?endings=on&&locations=Desert%20Center,%20California,%20USA&&heading=18;with+locations+including;Desert%20Center,%20California,%20USA Titles with locations including Desert Center, California, USA] External links
|Centre = Desert Center |North = Eagle Mountain Lake Tamarisk |Northeast = Chuckwalla Valley |East = Chuckwalla Valley |Southeast = Chuckwalla Mountains |South = Chuckwalla Mountains |Southwest = Chuckwalla Mountains |West = Chiriaco Summit, California |Northwest = Eagle Mountains }}{{Riverside County, California}} 6 : Desert Center, California|Census-designated places in Riverside County, California|Populated places in the Colorado Desert|Populated places established in 1921|1921 establishments in California|Census-designated places in California |
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