| 词条 | Desert Hearts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Desert Hearts | image = Desert heartsposter.jpg | caption = Theatrical release poster | director = Donna Deitch | producer = {{Plainlist|
}} | screenplay = Natalie Cooper | based on = {{Based on|Desert of the Heart|Jane Rule}} | starring = {{Plainlist|
}} | music = | cinematography = Robert Elswit | editing = Robert Estrin | studio = Desert Hearts Productions[1] | distributor = The Samuel Goldwyn Company[1] | released = {{Film date|1986|3|7}} | runtime = 96 minutes[3] | country = United States | language = English | budget = $1.5 million[2] | gross = $2.5 million[3] }} Desert Hearts is a 1985 American romantic drama film directed by Donna Deitch. The screenplay written by Natalie Cooper is an adaptation of the 1964 lesbian-themed novel Desert of the Heart by Jane Rule. Set in Reno, Nevada in 1959, it tells the story of a university professor awaiting a divorce who finds her true self when she meets a free-spirited younger woman confident in her romantic and sexual attraction. The film stars Helen Shaver and Patricia Charbonneau with a supporting performance by Audra Lindley. Desert Hearts was released theatrically in the United States on March 7, 1986.[3] It was released in the United Kingdom on June 6, 1986.[7] It is regarded as the first film to present a positive portrayal of lesbian sexuality. PlotIn 1959, Vivian Bell, a 35-year-old English professor at Columbia University in New York City, travels to Reno to establish residency in Nevada (a process that takes six weeks), in order to obtain a quickie divorce. She stays at a guest house ranch for women who are waiting for their divorces to be finalized. The guest ranch is owned by Frances Parker. Vivian meets Cay Rivvers, a younger, free-spirited sculptor whom Frances loves as if she were her mother. Cay works at a casino as a change operator in Reno, and is ending a relationship with Darrell, her boss, because as she put it, she "allowed (her)self to be attracted to his attraction" for her. When Vivian arrives, Cay notices her immediately, and the tightly controlled and elegant Vivian, in turn, is taken aback by Cay's boldness and lack of concern of what others think of her (and her romantic/sexual preferences). Cay reveals that she has had relationships with women in the past. Frances jealously notices that Vivian is becoming a bigger and bigger part of Cay's life, and resents her for it, afraid that Cay will leave her and the ranch, and she will be left alone. Frances sees Cay as her only "family," even though Cay is not her actual child, but rather the daughter of Frances' "man" Glenn who has been dead several years. When everyone attends an engagement party for Cay's best friend and co-worker, Silver, Cay drives a drunken Vivian to see Lake Tahoe afterwards and kisses her. Vivian returns the kiss passionately and is so surprised by her response to Cay's advance that she begs Cay to take her home. When they return to the ranch in the early morning, Frances has Vivian's bags and a taxi waiting for her, furious that (Frances presumed) she has seduced Cay. Cay leaves the ranch immediately, and Vivian transfers to a hotel room at the Riverside Casino for the rest of her stay. After some days apart, both Cay and Vivian are clearly confused and hurt. Cay goes to visit Vivian at the hotel and overcomes Vivian's resistance to making love with her, and they start a relationship. With the impending finalization of Vivian's divorce, the two must sort out the future of their relationship. Vivian is afraid of what people in her academic circle will think of her being in a relationship with another woman, and Cay is unsure of what she would ever do in New York City. At Silver's wedding, Vivian and Cay are in attendance, Frances and Cay are brought back together, and Cay admits to Frances that Vivian has "reached in and put a string of lights around my heart." In the final scene, after Vivian's divorce has become finalized, she packs up and goes to the train station to return to New York. Cay accompanies her to the station, and as the train is pulling out, Vivian convinces Cay to come with her, at least as far as the next station. Cast{{Cast listing|
}} Development and productionDesert Hearts is loosely based on the 1964 romance novel Desert of the Heart by Jane Rule.{{efn|The novel's story mirrored Rule's life, as she met and fell in love with an older married woman, Helen Sonthoff, a creative writing and literature teacher at Concord Academy in Massachusetts.[8][4]}} In 1979, Donna Deitch was searching for a story about a lesbian romance that "was mainstream, not in the context of the women's community or (New York's) the Village."[5] The first draft of the screenplay, written by Deitch, followed the original story, but when Natalie Cooper was hired as the screenwriter she veered away from it. The names of the main characters were changed: Evelyn Hall became Vivian Bell and Ann Childs became Cay Rivvers. Other characters were minimized or excluded, subplots were eliminated, and the love scene was made explicit. Jane Rule described the film as "beautifully simplified".[5]Deitch raised the $1.5 million needed for the production budget with a $20,000 grant from the National Endowment for the Arts and sales of $15,000 shares to stock brokers and individual investors (the largest group of investors were lesbian and feminist women in several cities of the U.S., and the largest single investor was a gay man). She gave fundraising parties and published a regular newsletter to keep investors informed about the project's development. Raising funds took almost four years. She eventually sold her house to cover completion costs.[5][6] In a 1991 interview with The Guardian, Deitch said that: "In San Francisco I sold it as politics. In New York as Art. In LA I convinced them it would be a box office hit."[7] It took nearly six years for Deitch to bring Desert Hearts to theater screens.[5] Deitch encountered difficulty finding actresses who would portray lesbians without reserve with many refusing to audition for the film.[8][7] Patricia Charbonneau was the first actress to be cast and went to Los Angeles with Deitch so she could audition with those reading for the role of Vivian Bell. Deitch noticed the chemistry between Charbonneau and Helen Shaver immediately.[7] She persuaded actors to work for scale,[9] and after casting completed, the film was shot on location in Reno in 31 days. Limited funds often necessitated filming two scenes in one day, with little room for retakes. Renting space in a real casino was out of the question and a dressed set in a room of an abandoned hotel served as the gambling casino in the film.{{efn|Deitch makes a cameo appearance as the "Hungarian Gambler" playing two slot machines at a time in the casino. She says to Vivian Bell: "If you don't play, you can't win."}} The contract with Charbonneau and Shaver obligated them to perform the sex scene in the hotel room without body doubles and to be nude on camera from the waist down. The scene was shot on the second-to-last day of filming, with cinematographer Robert Elswit and a boom operator as the only crew members present.[7] The Samuel Goldwyn Company insisted in having the scene cut down but Deitch refused.[8][10]{{efn|When The L Word began production, producer Rose Troche had the cast and crew of the television series view the love scene in Desert Hearts to show them what a well-made lesbian sex scene should be like.[11][12]}} In a 1986 Los Angeles Times interview, Helen Shaver described it as being "profoundly intimate".[9] Deitch became the first lesbian director to have a sex scene between women seen by general movie theater audiences.[7] In a 1986 Globe and Mail interview, Shaver said that she was being considered for a role in Joshua Then and Now, which would have promoted her career much farther than Desert Hearts. Donna Deitch assured her over the phone that she was right for her movie and told her she refused to hang up the phone until she got an answer. After five minutes, Shaver accepted the role.[13] Shaver explained her feelings about the film. "I was scared, not about the lesbianism — the script said, 'The passion builds' in the love scene, so once I knew how the passion built and where the camera would be, that was fine — but because someone wanted me to do what I'd wanted to do all along, and here it was, and all I had to do was say yes. I had always wanted to carry a movie. Now, if I never make another one, I've done this. For the first time, I feel I've done a complete work on film."[13]{{efn|Helen Shaver met her husband, key grip Steve Smith, during production. They married in 1988.[14]}} Desert Hearts was Patricia Charbonneau's film debut.[15] In a separate interview, Charbonneau said, "When I first read it, I thought, 'Well, everything that I've done so far people have taken a risk with me. I wanted to do something that at least people would talk about. Even if they hated it, they'd be talking about it."[16] Commenting on doing such an explicit love scene, Charbonneau said, "Kissing Helen wasn't the hard part, really. The hard part was just walking out on the set naked and just standing there."[16]{{efn|Charbonneau discovered two days before filming began that she was pregnant,[15] although it mostly didn't show since the shoot took 31 days.}} Donna Deitch was surprised to learn 20 years after the film's release that Helen Shaver{{efn|Helen Shaver said in a 2017 interview that she had "never, ever ... worked with a woman as a director until Donna Deitch."[17]}} and Patricia Charbonneau were told by their friends and agents that the film would ruin their careers.{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for statement.|date=January 2017}} An original 35 mm print of Desert Hearts was donated to the Outfest UCLA Legacy Project for LGBT Film Preservation at the UCLA Film & Television Archive.[35] In celebration of its 30th anniversary, Deitch's personal 35 mm print was screened at The Museum of Modern Art in December 2016.[18] Desert Hearts was digitally restored by the UCLA Film & Television Archive and the Criterion Collection/Janus Films in conjunction with the Outfest UCLA Legacy Project and the Sundance Institute.[19][20]In April 2016, Donna Deitch announced that she was fundraising to produce a sequel to Desert Hearts, to be set in New York City during the women's liberation movement.[21][22] ReleaseDesert Hearts made its North American debut at the 1985 Telluride Film Festival in September 1985.[23][24][25] It had its world premiere at the 1985 Toronto International Film Festival in September 1985.[26] The film screened at the 1985 Chicago International Film Festival on November 15, 1985,[27] and the 1986 Sundance Film Festival in January 1986.[19]It was wide released in the U.S. by The Samuel Goldwyn Company on March 7, 1986,[47][28] and in the U.K. by Mainline Pictures Ltd. on June 6, 1986.[29] The 4K restoration[30] made its debut at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival on January 24, 2017 (followed by a Q&A with director Donna Deitch, cinematographer Robert Elswitt, and production designer Jeannine Oppewall).[31][32] It was thereafter screened in Los Angeles by the UCLA Film & Television Archive on February 4, 2017;[33][34] and in San Francisco at the Frameline Film Festival on June 18, 2017.[35] The new digital version was released in theaters by Janus Films in July 2017.[20][36][37][38] ReceptionCritical responseThe reaction by film critics was mixed. In his scathing review for The New York Times, Vincent Canby criticized the screenplay as "unimaginative", described its characters as having "so little life", and the film as lacking a "voice or style of its own", but did add that it "is so earnest and sincere that it deserves an A for deportment".[39] In comparison, Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune wrote that the film was "elegant, traditional story-telling" with "complete characterizations and performances, a genuinely tender and erotic love scene and a sweetly satisfying finale"; adding "the filmmaking and performances are so seamless that "Desert Hearts" may accomplish on film what hasn't been achieved in society—the de-sensationalizing of lesbianism."[40] In the review for The Body Politic, Ed Jackson said the screenplay was "spiked with hilarious one-liners", described the love scene as "a luminous study in gentle eroticism, almost painfully intimate", and the film as "a treat that is both soft-centred and sugar-coated", "handsome, well-constructed", and "much more dense than the simple propaganda that it might at first resemble."[41] Michael Musto wrote in The Saturday Review that "Lesbianism isn't exploited for angst a la Children's Hour, or touched upon then summarily dropped as in Personal Best; it's handled tenderly and optimistically, if not with a lot of levity and wit."[42] Paul Attanasio of The Washington Post praised the film highly, calling it "astonishingly polished and nuanced"; and although some aspects of the cinematography were criticized, remarked "Donna Deitch's first feature, touches something about love that few movies even hint at — not the tremulousness, or the hiding and jousting (although there is that), but the way the attraction of two lovers warps the world around them, throws it out of whack."[43] In the Los Angeles Times, Sheila Benson wrote that although it was not "easy to sympathize with her character", Charbonneau was a "magnetic presence" and both she and Audra Lindley gave "crackerjack performances"; stating "although you can feel the budget limitations with every truncated scene, it's clear that Deitch is adept with actors and with the camera".[44] In the Chicago Sun-Times, Roger Ebert gave Desert Hearts two and a half stars for the simplicity and directness of the film, but noted the surprising power of the romantic scenes.[45] In City Limits, Amanda Lipman wrote that it was "a passionate, lovingly shot romance" and that "one of the most important differences between [Desert Hearts] and most heterosexual romances is the equality with which it treats each of its central characters."[46] Geoff Brown in The Times praised the film wholeheartedly, including both actors in the leading roles, writing "Fuelled by vibrant performances and an expert script that articulates feelings without ascending into wordy clouds, Desert Hearts rises far above such pigeon-hole categories as the nostalgic period drama or the lesbian love-story. Deitch's film is a passionate, beautifully controlled drama about making choices and exercising the heart: in a word, about living."[47] In his seminal critical study about homosexuality in the movies, The Celluloid Closet, film historian Vito Russo wrote: "Desert Hearts is a love story that recreates with perceptiveness and tenderness what it might have been like for two women of different generations and backgrounds to fall in love in the Fifties....Deitch's refusal to feature the straight world's reaction to lesbianism as the focus of her film made all the difference in the way the relationship between the women was perceived by audiences."[48] He remarked about Vincent Canby's review of the film: "In the New York Times, Vincent Canby complained that we are not given enough information about the quality of Vivian's broken marriage, asking if perhaps her lesbianism was a hysterical reaction to her divorce. This is the point at which many heterosexual critics disqualify themselves from perceptively reviewing gay films."[49] Desert Hearts was the only lesbian film out of nine films selected for screening at the first London Lesbian and Gay Film Festival in 1986.[50]With the passage of time, Desert Hearts has gained recognition for its quality and impact on lesbian cinema. In 1996, The Sydney Morning Herald declared, "Donna Deitch's 1985 Desert Hearts is widely regarded as one of the best and most significant mainstream fiction films about lesbians."[51] The Globe and Mail referred to it as "one of the first and most highly regarded works in which a lesbian relationship is depicted favourably."[52] PlanetOut defined it as "One of the seminal lesbian/gay films of the 1980s, and arguably the most romantic lesbian film of all time"; and "historically important because it was the first lesbian-themed feature film written and directed by a woman."[53] In 2002, Desert Hearts was a nominee in the American Film Institute list of greatest love stories in film in 100 years.[54] In 2013, The Guardian named Desert Hearts one of the ten most romantic films and characterized the final scene of Vivian and Cay at the train station as "a subversive take on hollywood endings".[55] Curve described Desert Hearts as "possibly the first feature film with fully-rounded female characters who are attracted to each other without that attraction being contested by a male."[10]On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 90% approval rating with an average score of 7.3 out of 10.[56] Audience responseHelen Shaver revealed that screen legend Greta Garbo was so impressed with her performance in the film that they attempted to meet but due to Garbo's poor health instead talked over the phone.[57] Patricia Charbonneau, in turn, learned that model Gia Carangi patterned herself after Cay's character.[58] Lesbian literary critic Camille Paglia praised the film for its "riveting performances", having seen it 11 times in theaters. She claimed that Patricia Charbonneau's "magic" came from hormonal glow, as she had found out she was pregnant before shooting began.[59] In her landmark work Sexual Personae (1990), Paglia wrote: "The closest thing I have ever seen to Shakespeare's Rosalind is Patricia Charbonneau's spirited performance as a coltish Reno cowgirl in Donna Deitch's film Desert Hearts."[60] Actress Jane Lynch said she had never "seen in celluloid such real passion and desire between two women" and had watched the video "over 50 times".[61] C.J. Prince, author and executive director of North Jersey Pride, wrote in 2014 that Desert Hearts "was refreshingly different, not only because the characters weren't psychotic, but also because it didn't end in depressing, unrequited love...or death", adding "the film holds up as a bold, beautifully rendered story about the search for authenticity and love, and the sacrifices one has to make to find them...For a coming-out movie, it's as good as it gets."[62] In 2007, Outfest named Desert Hearts one of the "25 Films That Changed Our Lives".[63][64] It was one of "The 25 Most Important LGBT Films" in a 2014 IndieWire reader's poll.[65] In 2017, Autostraddle ranked it at 25 of the best 102 lesbian movies of all time.[66] In an assessment of lesbian genre films since the 1980s, Slate said the film was "immensely popular with lesbian audiences" and earned "cult classic status...years after it was released".[67] Box officeBy the fall of 1986, Desert Hearts had grossed $2.5 million in the United States and Canada.[68] The revenue from its rental by independent distribution companies was $1.1 million.[69] Accolades
Home mediaThe VHS of Desert Hearts was released by Vestron Video in the United States in December 1986,[74] and in the United Kingdom by Vestron Video International on April 3, 1987.[29][75] The DVD was released by MGM Home Entertainment in Region 1 on January 23, 2001.[76][77] A 2-Disc "Vintage Collection" special edition DVD for Region 1 was released by Wolfe Video on June 5, 2007.[78] The DVD's extra features included original theatrical trailer, previously unseen footage of the love scene, slide show of production photographs, a commentary by Donna Deitch and interviews she conducted with Helen Shaver and Patricia Charbonneau.[79] The digitally restored version was released in Blu-ray and DVD by The Criterion Collection on November 14, 2017; featuring new interviews with Helen Shaver and Patricia Charbonneau, an excerpt from a 1995 documentary about Jane Rule,{{efn|Fiction and Other Truths: A Film about Jane Rule by Lynne Fernie and Aerlyn Weissman.[80]}} an essay by film critic B. Ruby Rich, conversations between Donna Deitch and film crew plus Jane Lynch, and the audio commentary by Deitch included in the 2007 release by Wolfe Video.[81][82] SoundtrackIn the director's commentary bonus feature of the special edition DVD released by Wolfe Video,[78] Donna Deitch said that approximately 20% of her budget went to obtaining the rights to the original music in the film. Deitch asked the Goldwyn Company to extend the rights to the music to release a soundtrack on album or compact cassette, but the studio declined. Track listingThe music for Desert Hearts was supervised by Terri Fricon and Gay Jones. {{Track listing| headline = Desert Hearts (Soundtrack) | collapsed = | total_length = n/a | extra_column = Performers | title1 = Leavin' on Your Mind | extra1 = Patsy Cline | writer1 = {{flatlist|Wayne Walker, Webb Pierce}} | length1 = n/a | title2 = Rave On | extra2 = Buddy Holly | writer2 = {{flatlist|Bill Tilghman, Sonny West, Norman Petty}} | length2 = n/a | title3 = Amigo's Guitar | extra3 = Kitty Wells | writer3 = {{flatlist|Kitty Wells, Roy Bodkin, John D. Loudermilk}} | length3 = n/a | title4 = Get Rhythm | extra4 = Johnny Cash | writer4 = Johnny Cash | length4 = n/a | title5 = Blue Moon | extra5 = Elvis Presley | writer5 = {{flatlist|Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart}} | length5 = n/a | title6 = Be-Bop-A-Lula | extra6 = Gene Vincent | writer6 = {{flatlist|Gene Vincent, Donald Graves, Bill "Sheriff Tex" Davis}} | length6 = n/a | title7 = "March" from the "Suite For Three Oranges" | extra7 = {{efn|"Courtesy of Everest Records" appears in the credits but the artist is not identified. In the 1961 Everest Records Catalog of classic Long-Playing albums, under Everest Classical Collections, "Prokofiev—March from Love For Three Oranges" appears in album PIANO VIRTUOSO, ROBERT ALEXANDER BOHNKE (catalog Nos. 6071 / 3071).[83]}} | writer7 = Sergei Prokofiev | length7 = n/a | title8 = Wondering | extra8 = Webb Pierce | writer8 = Joe Werner | length8 = n/a | title9 = Crazy | extra9 = Patsy Cline | writer9 = Willie Nelson | length9 = n/a | title10 = When My Blue Moon Turns to Gold Again | extra10 = Elvis Presley | writer10 = {{flatlist|Wiley Walker, Gene Sullivan}} | length10 = n/a | title11 = Honky-Tonk Man | extra11 = Johnny Horton | writer11 = {{flatlist|Johnny Horton, Tillman Franks, Howard Hausey}} | length11 = n/a | title12 = Gone | extra12 = Ferlin Husky | writer12 = Smokey Rogers | length12 = n/a | title13 = He'll Have to Go | extra13 = Jim Reeves | writer13 = {{flatlist|Joe Allison, Audrey Allison}} | length13 = n/a | title14 = Treasure of Love | extra14 = Clyde McPhatter | writer14 = {{flatlist|Lou Stallman, Jim Shapiro}} | length14 = n/a | title15 = Old Cape Cod | extra15 = Patti Page | writer15 = {{flatlist|Claire Rothrock, Milton Yakus, Allan Jeffrey}} | length15 = n/a | title16 = It Wasn't God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels | extra16 = Kitty Wells | writer16 = J.D. Miller | length16 = n/a | title17 = Cry | extra17 = Johnnie Ray | writer17 = Churchill Kohlman | length17 = n/a | title18 = I Wished on the Moon | extra18 = Ella Fitzgerald | writer18 = {{flatlist|Ralph Rainger, Dorothy Parker}} | length18 = n/a | title19 = Lookin' For Someone To Love | extra19 = Andra Akers | writer19 = Steve Ferguson | length19 = n/a }} See also
Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/57305|title=Desert Hearts|website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films|access-date=September 9, 2018}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.filmdirectorssite.com/donna-deitch|title=Donna Deitch Filmography|work=FilmDirectorsSite.com|accessdate=January 15, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116063823/http://www.filmdirectorssite.com/donna-deitch|archivedate=January 16, 2016}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=deserthearts.htm|title=Desert Hearts|website=Box Office Mojo|date=2004|accessdate=February 19, 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Helen Hubbard Wolfe Sonthoff|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/107671412|website=Find a Grave|date=April 1, 2013}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|last1=Jackson|first1=Ed|title=Gambling in the Desert, Then and Now|url=https://archive.org/details/bodypolitic120toro|publisher=The Body Politic|pages=35–36|date=November 1985|accessdate=February 8, 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web|last1=Taylor|first1=Clarke|title=New Films Treat Gays As A Matter Of Fact|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1986-03-12/features/8601180757_1_gay-film-larry-kardish-ira-deutschman|work=Chicago Tribune|date=March 12, 1986|accessdate=February 8, 2017}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|last1=Pasulka|first1=Nicole|title=Better Sex, Better World|url=http://hazlitt.net/feature/better-sex-better-world|website=Hazlitt Magazine|date=June 25, 2015|accessdate=March 21, 2017}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Keating|first1=Shannon|title=Looking Back On The First Major Lesbian Movie With A Happy Ending|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/shannonkeating/desert-hearts-and-lesbian-happy-endings|website=BuzzFeed|date=March 26, 2016|accessdate=January 23, 2017}} 9. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Mann|first1=Roderick|title=Busy Actress Regards 'Desert Hearts' Proudly|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1986-04-26/entertainment/ca-2443_1_movie|work=Los Angeles Times|date=April 26, 1986|accessdate=January 23, 2017}} 10. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Johns|first1=Merryn|title=Desert Hearts Turns 30|url=http://www.curvemag.com/Events/Desert-Hearts-Turns-30-1565/|work=Curve|date=November 1, 2016|accessdate=January 23, 2017}} 11. ^{{cite web|last=King|first=Loren|title=Deitch on "Desert Hearts," the DVD — and the sequel|url=http://www.gay.com/entertainment/news/?coll=pno_entertainment&sernum=4375&navpath=/channels/entertainment/dvd/&page=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117173923/http://www.gay.com/entertainment/news/?coll=pno_entertainment&sernum=4375&navpath=/channels/entertainment/dvd/&page=1|dead-url=yes|archive-date=January 17, 2008|website=gay.com|publisher=PlanetOut Inc.|date=2007|accessdate=November 30, 2007}} 12. ^{{cite web|last1=Contributors|title=Part 5: Our Hall of Fame|url=http://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/advocate-45/2012/03/28/part-5-our-hall-fame|work=The Advocate|date=March 28, 2012|accessdate=February 5, 2017}} 13. ^1 Scott, Jay. "Shaver carries Desert Hearts". The Globe and Mail, April 11, 1986: p. D1 14. ^{{cite web|last1=Swartz|first1=Shauna|title=Where Are They Now? The Women of "Desert Hearts"|url=http://www.afterellen.com/movies/14442-where-are-they-now-the-women-of-desert-hearts|website=AfterEllen|date=June 3, 2007}} 15. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Staff|title=Her Waitress Days Behind Her, Patricia Charbonneau Serves Up a Stunning Screen Debut|url=http://people.com/archive/her-waitress-days-behind-her-patricia-charbonneau-serves-up-a-stunning-screen-debut-vol-25-no-21/|work=People|date=May 26, 1986|accessdate=February 5, 2017}} 16. ^1 Mills, Kim. "Desert Hearts role pays dividends for actress". The Globe and Mail, May 23, 1986; p. C3. 17. ^{{cite web|last1=Liszewski|first1=Bridget|title=Women Behind Canadian TV: Helen Shaver|url=http://www.thetvjunkies.com/women-behind-canadian-tv-helen-shaver/|website=The TV Junkies|date=January 18, 2017|accessdate=March 21, 2017}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=MoMA Presents: Donna Deitch’s Desert Hearts|url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/film/3627?locale=de|publisher=Museum of Modern Art|date=December 2016|accessdate=January 22, 2017}} 19. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Sundance Institute Archives|title="My only clear memory is arriving. The rest is a blur. An absolute blur."|url=http://sundancearchives.tumblr.com/post/154830121095/my-only-clear-memory-is-arriving-the-rest-is-a|website=Tumblr|date=December 22, 2016|accessdate=January 22, 2017}} 20. ^1 2 {{cite web|last1=Press Notes|title=Desert Hearts|url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/criterion-production/janus_promo_packages/73-/DesertHearts_pressnotes_06302017_(2)_original.pdf|website=Janus Films|date=2016|accessdate=September 19, 2017}} 21. ^{{cite web|last1=Sutcliffe-Braithwaite|first1=Florence|title=Desert Hearts: the 1986 film about lesbian awakening that gives Carol a run for its money|url=http://theconversation.com/desert-hearts-the-1986-film-about-lesbian-awakening-that-gives-carol-a-run-for-its-money-56938|website=The Conversation|date=April 4, 2016|accessdate=January 22, 2017}} 22. ^{{cite web|last1=O'Hara|first1=Mary Emily|title=Filmmaker Announces Sequel to Lesbian Classic 'Desert Hearts'|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/filmmaker-announces-sequel-lesbian-classic-desert-hearts-n693161|website=NBC OUT|publisher=NBC News|date=December 7, 2016|accessdate=January 22, 2017}} 23. ^{{cite web|title=They Came To Telluride: Women Behind the Lens|url=http://tffyearround.wordpress.com/tff-cinematheque/|website=Cinematheque|publisher=Telluride Film Festival|accessdate=February 3, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222061651/http://tffyearround.wordpress.com/tff-cinematheque/|archivedate=December 22, 2013}} 24. ^{{cite news|last1=Plato|first1=Catherine|title=Inside the Director's Studio|work=Curve|page=63|date=September 2007}} (Magazine cover headline: Desert Hearts Reunion) 25. ^{{cite web|title=Telluride Film Festival 12th Annual Program - Lesbian|url=http://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/telluride-film-festival-12th-annual-program|website=Worthopedia|publisher=WorthPoint|accessdate=February 3, 2017}} 26. ^{{cite web|last1=Martin|first1=Douglas|title=TORONTO FILM FESTIVAL: BIG AND GETTING BIGGER|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/09/14/movies/toronto-film-festival-big-and-getting-bigger.html|work=The New York Times|date=September 14, 1985|accessdate=January 27, 2017}} 27. ^{{cite web|last1=Prescott|first1=David|title='White Nights' To Kick Off 21st Chicago Film Festival|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1985-11-08/entertainment/8503170076_1_music-box-white-nights-film-and-best-director/4|work=Chicago Tribune|date=November 8, 1985|accessdate=January 27, 2017}} 28. ^{{cite web|last1=Walber|first1=Daniel|title='My Beautiful Laundrette' Hits Criterion: The Boundary-Pushing Gay Romances of 1985|url=https://thefilmstage.com/features/my-beautiful-laundrette-hits-criterion-the-boundary-pushing-gay-romances-of-1985/|website=The Film Stage|date=July 22, 2015|accessdate=January 31, 2017}} 29. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Desert Hearts|url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/desert-hearts-1986|website=British Board of Film Classification|accessdate=September 11, 2018}} 30. ^{{cite web|last1=Dry|first1=Jude|title='Desert Hearts' Trailer: Donna Deitch's Groundbreaking Lesbian Classic Restored — Watch|url=http://www.indiewire.com/2017/07/desert-hearts-trailer-lesbian-classic-lgbt-watch-1201855140/|website=IndieWire|date=July 14, 2017|accessdate=September 19, 2017}} 31. ^{{cite web|title=Desert Hearts|url=http://www.sundance.org/projects/desert-hearts-12ce7b88-37ec-46d7-b34f-1f599640e1b8|website=Sundance Film Festival|publisher=Sundance Institute|date=2017}} 32. ^{{cite web|title=Sundance Film Festival presents Donna Deitch's 'Desert Hearts'|url=http://donnadeitch.com/sundance-2017-screening/|website=Donna Deitch|accessdate=January 22, 2017}} 33. ^{{cite web|last1=UCLA Film & Television Archive|title=Desert Hearts|url=http://www.tft.ucla.edu/event/desert-hearts/|website=UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television|date=2017|accessdate=February 5, 2017}} 34. ^{{cite web|last1=Olsen|first1=Mark|title=Why these films by women directors from the 1970s and '80s need to be seen|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-ucla-what-a-difference-female-filmmakers-20170203-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|date=February 3, 2017|accessdate=February 5, 2017}} 35. ^{{cite web|last1=Frameline41|title=Desert Hearts|url=https://www.frameline.org/festival/film-guide/desert-hearts|website=Frameline Film Festival|date=2017|accessdate=September 19, 2017}} 36. ^{{cite web|last1=Montpelier|first1=Rachel|title=Donna Deitch’s Digitally Restored "Desert Hearts" to Screen at IFC, Receives New Trailer|url=https://blog.womenandhollywood.com/ifc-center-to-host-screenings-of-donna-deitchs-groundbreaking-desert-hearts-47dc6e6f4fd4|website=Women and Hollywood|date=July 17, 2017|accessdate=September 19, 2017}} 37. ^{{cite web|last1=Bendix|first1=Trish|title=Legendary Lesbian Drama "Desert Hearts" Returning To Theaters|url=http://www.newnownext.com/desert-hearts-lesbian-clasic/07/2017/|website=NewNowNext|date=July 18, 2017|accessdate=September 19, 2017}} 38. ^{{cite web|last1=Carlin|first1=Shannon|title=The Groundbreaking Lesbian Film 'Desert Hearts' Is More Necessary Now Than Ever Before|url=https://www.bustle.com/p/the-groundbreaking-lesbian-film-desert-hearts-is-more-necessary-now-than-ever-before-70504|website=Bustle|date=July 17, 2017|accessdate=September 19, 2017}} 39. ^{{cite web|last1=Canby|first1=Vincent|title=FILM: 'DESERT HEARTS,' ABOUT WOMEN IN LOVE|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9A0DE5D9133FF937A35757C0A960948260|website=The New York Times|date=April 4, 1986}} 40. ^{{cite web|last1=Siskel|first1=Gene|title='Desert Hearts': A New Story Told In The Old Fashion|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1986-06-06/entertainment/8602100567_1_desert-hearts-vivian-bell-patricia-charbonneau|work=Chicago Tribune|date=June 6, 1986}} 41. ^{{cite web|last1=Jackson|first1=Ed|title=Dude Ranch Romance Fifties-Style|url=https://archive.org/details/bodypolitic120toro|publisher=The Body Politic|page=34|date=November 1985|accessdate=February 5, 2017}} 42. ^{{cite web|last1=Musto|first1=Michael|title=Heartland|url=http://unz.org/Pub/SaturdayRev-1986feb-00086?View=PDF|publisher=The Saturday Review|page=86|date=February 1986}} 43. ^{{cite web|last1=Attanasio|first1=Paul|title=Movies: 'Desert' Devotion'; A Polished, Well-Cast Affair of the Heart|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1986/04/18/movies/d5e13c00-2306-4e58-a952-45aaa7ff1c0f/|website=The Washington Post|date=April 18, 1986}} 44. ^{{cite web|last1=Benson|first1=Sheila|title=Movie Review : 2 Brisk Parts Can't Stir Pulse In 'Desert Hearts'|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1986-04-25/entertainment/ca-1592_1_desert-hearts|work=Los Angeles Times|date=April 25, 1986|accessdate=February 5, 2017}} 45. ^{{cite web|last1=Ebert|first1=Roger|title=Desert Hearts|url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19860606/REVIEWS/606060301/1023|website=Chicago Sun-Times|publisher=(rogerebert.com)|date=June 6, 1986|accessdate=November 30, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051025113243/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F19860606%2FREVIEWS%2F606060301%2F1023|archivedate=October 25, 2005|deadurl=yes|df=}} 46. ^{{cite web|last1=Lipman|first1=Amanda|title=Dykes, Deitch and Dollars|url=http://picclick.co.uk/CITY-LIMITS-MAGAZINE-July-24-1986-251-Desert-162353152065.html#&gid=1&pid=3|publisher=City Limits|page=14|date=July 24, 1986|accessdate=February 5, 2017}} 47. ^Brown, Geoff. "Cinema review: Feature debut of amazing grace and poise". The Times (London), August 1, 1986, Issue 62524. 48. ^{{cite book|last1=Russo|first1=Vito|title=The Celluloid Closet|date=1987|publisher=Harper & Row|isbn=0060961325|page=214|edition=Revised|chapter=Struggle: Fear and Loathing in Gay Hollywood}} 49. ^{{cite book|last1=Russo|first1=Vito|title=The Celluloid Closet|date=1987|publisher=Harper & Row|isbn=0060961325|page=215|edition=Revised|chapter=Struggle: Fear and Loathing in Gay Hollywood}} 50. ^{{cite web|title=The pride and the passion: 25 years of the London Lesbian and Gay Film Festival|url=http://old.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/feature/49705|website=Sight & Sound|publisher=British Film Institute|date=April 2011}} 51. ^Anderson, Doug. "Rules of the Heart". The Sydney Morning Herald, August 19, 1996, pg. 15 52. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Martin|first1=Sandra|title=Jane Rule, 76|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/jane-rule-76/article20406320/?page=all|publisher=The Globe and Mail|date=November 28, 2007|accessdate=November 29, 2007}} 53. ^{{cite web|title=Desert Hearts|url=http://www.planetout.com/popcornq/db/getfilm.html?26|website=PlanetOut|accessdate=November 30, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060420111957/http://www.planetout.com/popcornq/db/getfilm.html?26|archivedate=April 20, 2006}} 54. ^{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years: 100 Passions - America’s Greatest Love Stories|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/passions400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|date=2002|accessdate=August 18, 2016}} 55. ^{{cite web|last1=Hoggard|first1=Liz|title=The 10 best screen holiday romances – in pictures|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/gallery/2013/jul/20/ten-best-fictional-holiday-romances#/?picture=413211683&index=7|work=The Guardian|date=July 20, 2013}} 56. ^{{cite web|title=Desert Hearts|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/desert_hearts/|website=Rotten Tomatoes|accessdate=September 19, 2017}} 57. ^{{cite web|last1=Helen Shaver @helenshaver|title=I'm am deeply grateful she and I were able to speak.|url=https://twitter.com/helenshaver/status/777571387485532163|website=Twitter|date=September 18, 2016|accessdate=January 29, 2017}} 58. ^Anderson-Minshall, Diane. "Desert of my Heart: The Lesbian Classic - 20 Years Later", Curve, pp. 62-63, 76. September 2007. 59. ^{{cite web|last1=Paglia|first1=Camille|title=Dogma days|url=http://www.salon.com/2007/12/12/bush_flowers/|website=Salon|date=December 12, 2007|accessdate=December 13, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529234446/http://www.salon.com/2007/12/12/bush_flowers/|archivedate=May 29, 2012}} 60. ^{{cite book|last1=Paglia|first1=Camille|title=Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson|date=1990|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=0300043961|page=212|edition=1st|chapter=As You Like It and Antony and Cleopatra}} 61. ^{{cite web|title=Jane Lynch|url=http://qmovieblog.com/jane-lynch/|website=Q Movie Blog|publisher=Wolfe Video|date=October 3, 2011|accessdate=January 29, 2017}} 62. ^{{cite web|last1=Prince|first1=C.J.|title=Desert Hearts: Still Sapphic Bliss|url=http://www.villageq.com/desert-hearts-still-sapphic-bliss/|website=VillageQ|date=February 3, 2014|accessdate=February 5, 2017}} 63. ^{{cite web|title=Outfest Top 25 Gay Films|url=http://www.cinemaqueer.com/review%20pages/outfesttop25films.html|website=CinemaQueer|date=July 2007|accessdate=January 27, 2017}} 64. ^{{cite web|title=Outfest Celebrates Silver with Films, a Legacy and a New Boom|url=http://www.indiewire.com/2007/07/outfest-celebrates-silver-with-films-a-legacy-and-a-new-boom-74203/|website=IndieWire|date=July 24, 2007|accessdate=January 27, 2017}} 65. ^{{cite web|last1=bent|title=Reader’s Poll: The 25 Most Important LGBT Films|url=http://www.indiewire.com/2014/06/readers-poll-the-25-most-important-lgbt-films-214110/|website=IndieWire|date=June 6, 2014|accessdate=January 31, 2017}} 66. ^{{Cite news|last=Riese|title=Now, An Updated Edition Of The 102 Best Lesbian Movies Of All Time|url=https://www.autostraddle.com/new-and-revised-the-103-best-lesbian-movies-of-all-time-368953/?all=1|date= February 14, 2017|website=Autostraddle|accessdate=November 3, 2017}} 67. ^{{cite web|last1=Landsbaum|first1=Claire|title=Lesbians on the Silver Screen From Desert Hearts to Carol|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/outward/2015/11/19/lesbian_movies_from_desert_hearts_to_carol.html|website=Slate|date=November 19, 2015|accessdate=February 5, 2017}} 68. ^1 {{cite web|title=Desert Hearts|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Desert-Hearts#tab=summary|website=The Numbers|date=2017|accessdate=September 11, 2018}} 69. ^{{cite web|last1=Staff|title=In winner's circle|url=https://variety.com/1993/film/news/in-winner-s-circle-109686/|work=Variety|date=August 17, 1993|accessdate=February 9, 2017}} 70. ^{{cite web|title=Independent Spirit Awards|url=http://guides.lib.udel.edu/filmfinders/independentspirit|website=University of Delaware Library|publisher=University of Delaware|accessdate=February 2, 2017}} 71. ^{{cite web|title=Palmarès|url=http://www.pardolive.ch/pardo/history/palmares.html|website=Festival del film Locarno|accessdate=February 2, 2017}} 72. ^{{cite web|title=Sundance Film Festival 1986 – Official Selection|url=http://www.filmaffinity.com/en/awards.php?award_id=sundance&year=1986|website=FilmAffinity|accessdate=February 2, 2017}} 73. ^{{cite web|title=Sundance Film Festival: Films Honored 1985–2008|url=http://www.sundance.org/pdf/press-releases/final_festival_awards.pdf|publisher=Sundance Institute|accessdate=February 2, 2017}} 74. ^{{cite web|title=New Releases: Home Video|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49#v=onepage&q=Billboard%2Bdesert%20hearts%20vhs|website=Billboard|publisher=Google Books|page=49|date=December 20, 1986|accessdate=February 1, 2017}} 75. ^{{cite web|title=Desert Hearts [VHS]|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Desert-Hearts-VHS-Helen-Shaver/dp/B000PP6HZC/|website=amazon.co.uk|publisher=Amazon.com|accessdate=February 1, 2017}} 76. ^{{cite web|title=Romance DVD Releases January 2001|url=https://www.moviefone.com/dvd/2001/january/romance/|website=Moviefone}} 77. ^{{cite web|title=Desert Hearts|url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/desert-hearts/oclc/45877079|website=OCLC WorldCat}} 78. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Desert Hearts|url=http://www.wolfevideo.com:80/products.asp?id=1295|website=Wolfe|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070519213545/http://www.wolfevideo.com/products.asp?id=1295|archivedate=May 19, 2007|deadurl=yes|df=}} 79. ^{{cite web|title=Desert Hearts|url=http://jclarkmedia.com/film/filmreviewdeserthearts.html|website=Jim's Reviews|date=June 5, 2007}} 80. ^{{cite web|title=Fiction and Other Truths: A Film about Jane Rule|url=http://femfilm.ca/film_search.php?film=fernie-fiction&lang=e|website=Canadian Women Film Directors Database|accessdate=September 10, 2017}} 81. ^{{cite web|title=Desert Hearts|url=https://www.criterion.com/films/29139-desert-hearts|website=The Criterion Collection|date=2017|accessdate=August 21, 2017}} 82. ^{{cite web|last1=Erbland|first1=Kate|title=Criterion Collection Announces November Titles, Including Seminal Lesbian Drama 'Desert Hearts' and 'The Philadelphia Story'|url=http://www.indiewire.com/2017/08/criterion-collection-november-titles-2017-1201867279/|website=IndieWire|date=August 16, 2017|accessdate=September 10, 2017}} 83. ^{{cite book|title=Catalog of classic Long-Playing albums|date=1961|publisher=Everest Records|page=3|url=https://archive.org/details/EverestRecords1961Catalog}} Further reading
External links
17 : 1985 films|1980s LGBT-related films|1980s romantic drama films|American films|American independent films|American LGBT-related films|American romantic drama films|English-language films|Films based on Canadian novels|Films set in 1959|Films set in Reno|Films set in Nevada|Films shot in Nevada|Lesbian-related films|LGBT-related drama films|LGBT-related romance films|The Samuel Goldwyn Company films |
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