| 词条 | Carl Gustav Carus | ||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Carl Gustav Carus (3 January 1789 – 28 July 1869) was a German physiologist and painter, born in Leipzig, who played various roles during the Romantic era. A friend of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, he was a many-sided man: a doctor, a naturalist, a scientist, a psychologist, and a landscape painter who studied under Caspar David Friedrich. Life and workIn 1811 he graduated as a doctor of medicine and a doctor of philosophy. In 1814 he was appointed professor of obstetrics and director of the maternity clinic at the teaching institution for medicine and surgery in Dresden. He wrote on art theory. From 1814 to 1817 he taught himself oil painting working under Caspar David Friedrich, a Dresden landscape painter. He had already taken drawing lessons from Julius Diez and subsequently studied under Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld at the Oeser drawing academy. When the King of Saxony, Frederick Augustus II, made an informal tour of Britain in 1844, Carus accompanied him as his personal physician. It was not a state visit, but the King, with Carus, was the guest of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert at Windsor Castle, and Carus was able to visit many of the sights in London and the university cities of Oxford and Cambridge, and meet others active in the field of scientific discoveries. They toured widely in England, Wales and Scotland, and afterwards Carus published, on the basis of his journal, The King of Saxony's Journey through England and Scotland, 1844.[1] He is best known to scientists for originating the concept of the vertebrate archetype, a seminal idea in the development of Darwin's theory of evolution. In 1836, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.[2] Carus is also noted for Psyche (1846).[3] Carl Jung credited Carus with pointing to the unconscious as the essential basis of the psyche. Although various philosophers, among them Leibniz, Kant, and Schelling, had already pointed very clearly to the problem of the dark side of the psyche, it was a physician who felt impelled, from his scientific and medical experience, to point to the unconscious as the essential basis of the psyche. This was C. G. Carus, the authority whom Eduard von Hartmann followed. (Jung [1959] 1969, par. 259) Carus died in Dresden. He is buried in the Trinitatis-Friedhof (Trinitatis Cemetery) east of the city centre. The grave lies in the south-west section, against the southern wall. {{botanist|Carus}}Written works
Art gallerySee also
References1. ^C.G.Carus, The King of Saxony's Journey through England and Scotland, 1844, english edition, London, Chapman and Hall, 1846 2. ^{{cite book |author=Ellenberger, Henri F. |title=The Discovery of the Unconscious: The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry |publisher=Basic Books |location=New York |year=1970 |pages=207 |isbn=978-0-465-01672-3 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}} 3. ^{{cite book |author=Whyte, Lancelot Law |title=The Unconscious before Freud |publisher=Basic Books |location=New York |year=1960 |page=148 |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}} Sources
External links
8 : 1789 births|1869 deaths|German psychologists|19th-century German painters|German male painters|Presidents of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina|Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences|19th-century male artists |
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